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Rev Int Androl 2022 May 7. Epub 2022 May 7.

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Rize, Turkey.

Introduction And Objectives: To investigate the role of suprapubic bladder aspiration (SBA) in the diagnosis of retrograde ejaculation (RE) which is diagnosed with the observation of sperm in post-ejaculatory urine (PEU). However, sperm is also observed in PEU after the wash out of the retained ejaculate in the urethra with the expulsion of urine in several subjects. Therefore, detection of sperm in PEU in the diagnosis of RE is problematic and a better method is needed to overcome the ambiguity of positive PEU and to identify which patient experience true RE. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 27;14(3):e23541. Epub 2022 Mar 27.

Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Queens Hospital Center, New York, USA.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, though commonly reported as an opportunistic respiratory pathogen, has been known to cause a wide variety of illnesses, including urinary tract infection, biliary sepsis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis. Malignancy and immunocompromised states are the biggest risk factors associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection. Being an emerging nosocomial infection globally, the bacteria should no longer be considered as just a mere colonizer, and emphasis should be laid on understanding the mechanisms of resistance, modes of prevention, and treatment. Read More

Case Rep Med 2022 8;2022:8408216. Epub 2022 Feb 8.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Priapism is considered a rare disorder and even more rare when it occurs as a complication of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, only eight studies have reported priapism as a complication of COVID-19. Here, we report the case of a 66-year-old male with COVID-19 who presented with neglected priapism for three days. Read More

Anaerobe 2022 Jan 4:102509. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Anaerobic cocci are common anaerobic isolates. Numerous genera of anaerobic cocci have been reported in both urinary tract microbiota, mainly of females, and in cases of urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly in patients with comorbidities, when no facultatively anaerobic bacteria were detected from the urine samples. UTIs caused by anaerobic cocci have been reported in >7% in some studies. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021 Dec 25;31(12):1471-1474. Epub 2021 Nov 25.

Department of Pediatric Surgery and Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Cervix atresia causing hematometra usually presents at puberty with cyclic abdominal pain. The management depends upon the type and severity of cervix atresia. We present a novel technique of managing a case of cervix atresia in a 13 years old girl. Read More

Eur Urol 2022 Jan 22;81(1):64-72. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, CHU de La Réunion, Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.

Background: Boys with posterior urethral valves (PUVs) have an increased risk of febrile urinary tract infections (fUTIs). Circumcision is believed to reduce the risk of fUTIs in boys, although there are no randomized trials demonstrating this.

Objective: To determine the effect of circumcision on the risk of fUTIs in boys with PUVs. Read More

BMJ Open 2021 09 16;11(9):e046324. Epub 2021 Sep 16.

Service des Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice CHU-LENVAL, Nice, France.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections occur in around 1%-4% of boys and 3%-8% of girls under 2 years old. Diagnosis is difficult because of non-specific symptoms and the risk of urine analysis contamination depending on the sampling method used for precontinent infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommend transurethral catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration because of a low contamination rate but these techniques are invasive. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2021 Nov 11;27(11):1543-1554. Epub 2021 Aug 11.

Department of Urology, Uijeongbu ST. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.

The followings are the level of evidence (LE) and grade of recommendation (GR) on pediatric UTI in Asia. Classification according to the sites of infection (lower versus upper tract), the number of episode (first versus recurrent), the severity (simple versus severe), or the existence of complicating factor (uncomplicated versus complicated) is useful to differentiate children with UTI whether they are at risk of renal damage or not (LE: 2, GR: B). Diagnosis of UTI requires both urinalysis that suggests infection and positive urine culture (LE:3, GR B). Read More

J Urol 2021 12 21;206(6):1482-1489. Epub 2021 Jul 21.

Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Purpose: Reliable urine samples are of eminent importance when diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. Noninvasive procedures are convenient but likely to be contaminated. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of urine samples obtained by the midstream clean-catch method (CCU) to urine obtained by suprapubic aspiration (SPA) and to evaluate the ability of urinary dipstick to predict true infection. Read More

PLoS One 2021 15;16(7):e0254703. Epub 2021 Jul 15.

BS of Midwifery, PhD of Linguistics, Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in childhood. A sterile collection of urine samples using suprapubic aspiration (SPA) and bladder catheterization (BC) is helpful for rapid and accurate diagnosis of UTI in infants. With the advent of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), the use of ultrasound by non-radiologists at the patient's bedside, great advancement has been noticed in various medical fields. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2021 08 14;17(4):442.e1-442.e7. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.

Introduction: Urethral catheterization (CATH) and suprapubic aspiration (SA) are reliable methods of collecting urine for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs), but both are invasive and difficult. Therefore, urine collection through a sterile urine bag (SUB) is commonly used for UTI screening. However, when pyuria is found in SUB specimens, it is difficult to interpret whether this result is true or false. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2021 08 24;57(8):1281-1287. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Division of Paediatrics, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.

Aim: Urinary tract infection is a common cause of paediatric morbidity. However, there is no consensus on the default method for urine culture collection in children. This study aimed to examine the contamination rates of different urine collection methods. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Oct 25;16(5):560-565. Epub 2020 Jul 25.

Children's National Medical Center, USA.

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines recommend delaying voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) until the second febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Similarly, the NICE Guidelines do not recommend VCUG after the first febrile UTI in infants and children under three years of age. Currently, there is no good clinical indicator to determine which patients would benefit from an earlier cystogram. Read More

BMC Med Educ 2020 Sep 21;20(1):318. Epub 2020 Sep 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Background: Simulation training is widely used in medical education as students rarely perform clinical procedures, and confidence can influence practitioners' ability to perform procedures. Thus, this study assessed students' perceptions and experiences of a pediatric skills program and compared their informed self-assessment with their preceptor-evaluated performance competency for several pediatric clinical procedures.

Methods: A total of 65 final-year medical students attended a weeklong pediatric skills training course by the University of Tripoli that used a manikin and various clinical scenarios to simulate real-life cases. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2021 07 12;36(7):1697-1708. Epub 2020 Sep 12.

Department of Paediatrics, Whittington Hospital, London, UK.

Urinary tract infection is a commonly occurring paediatric infection associated with significant morbidity. Diagnosis is challenging as symptoms are non-specific and definitive diagnosis requires an uncontaminated urine sample to be obtained. Common techniques for sampling in non-toilet-trained children include clean catch, bag, pad, in-out catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration. Read More

BJGP Open 2020 Oct 27;4(4). Epub 2020 Oct 27.

General Practice, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in young pre-continent children, but collecting urine samples is challenging. Collection methods all have limitations and international guidelines have conflicting recommendations. Choice of method must balance time, resources, invasiveness, reliability, and contamination. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 May 13;39(5):955-963. Epub 2020 Jan 13.

Division of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 151, 84101, Beer Sheva, Israel.

The objectives of the study were to describe the epidemiologic, microbiologic, and imaging characteristics of first 44 UTI episode in hospitalized infants and children < 2 years of age. A UTI episode was diagnosed based on suprapubic aspiration or urinary catheterization and report of a significant bacterial growth of true uropathogens. Two thousand two hundred ninety-four UTI episodes were recorded during 2009-2013 in 1694 patients; 1350 (79. Read More

Trials 2019 Dec 27;20(1):783. Epub 2019 Dec 27.

Pediatric Emergency Department, Hôpitaux pédiatriques de Nice CHU-Lenval, Nice, France.

Background: Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in infants and needs to be diagnosed quickly. However, the symptoms are non-specific, and diagnosis can only be confirmed after high quality urinalysis. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends suprapubic aspiration (1-9% contamination) and urinary catheterization (8-14% contamination) for urine collection but both these procedures are invasive. Read More

J Pediatr 2020 02 28;217:110-117.e4. Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Objective: To determine the point prevalence of bacteriuria and bacteriuria without pyuria in asymptomatic children by a systematic review of the literature.

Study Design: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for English-, French-, German-, Italian-, and Spanish-language articles. We included articles reporting data on bacteriuria in asymptomatic children up to 19 years of age who had urine collected by suprapubic bladder aspiration, bladder catheterization, or by 3 consecutive clean catch samples. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 11 15;144(5). Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Point-of-care ultrasound is currently widely used across the landscape of pediatric care. Ultrasound machines are now smaller, are easier to use, and have much improved image quality. They have become common in emergency departments, ICUs, inpatient wards, and outpatient clinics. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2019 Oct 2;91(3). Epub 2019 Oct 2.

Urology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania.

A Caucasian man 64 years old was admitted to our department for fever, strangury, frequency and pain in the perineum secondary to the relapse of Cowper's gland abscess previously treated by antibiotic therapy and trans-perineal ultrasound-guided aspiration. At admission, the clinical parameters were suggestive of sepsis; moreover, the trans-perineal ultrasound detected an hypoechoic mass suspicious for the recurrence of Cowper's gland abscess. A suprapubic catheter was positioned and a targeted antibiotic therapy (Colistin 9000. Read More

Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2020 06 23;105(3):164-171. Epub 2019 Aug 23.

Department of General Practice Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Urine samples are commonly collected from young children to diagnose or exclude urinary tract infections, but collection from precontinent children is challenging. Each collection method has advantages and limitations. Non-invasive methods (urine pads, bags, clean catch) are convenient but can be time-consuming and are limited by sample contamination. Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2020 Nov 12;25(7):419-424. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Department of Paediatrics, Brantford General Hospital, Brantford, Ontario.

Objective: The study aimed to assess current practices of a community hospital for collection of urine sample when diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) is suspected in children aged 0 to 36 months old.

Methods: An analysis of paediatric patients aged 0 to 36 months old was performed in two separate audits to assess the quality of urine sampling. The first, retrospective analysis comprised of urine collections techniques in a community hospital for diagnosis of UTI followed by an education intervention in which the hospital staff was briefed regarding the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) position statement for diagnosis and management of UTI. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2019 Jan 13;26(1):16-20. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Inra, Inserm, institut NUMECAN, université de Rennes, 2 rue Henri-le-Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Service de chirurgie pédiatrique, université de Rennes, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud16, boulevard de Bulgarie, , 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France.

Introduction: Since April 2015, the French Society of Pediatrics has encouraged suprapubic aspiration (SA) and urethral catheterization (UC) for urine collection in non-toilet-trained children suspected of having urinary tract infections (UTIs) and has tried to reduce the use of urine bag (UB).

Objective: To analyze the medical practices concerning urine collection methods used for non-toilet-trained children in pediatric emergency departments in France.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive medical practice study in October 2017. Read More

Acute Med Surg 2018 Oct 13;5(4):358-361. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University Health Application and Research Center Zonguldak Turkey.

Aim: Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. The gestational sac is implanted in the myometrium at the site of a previous cesarean section. Mothers with CSP are faced with risks of unpredictable massive bleeding or more fatal complications. Read More

J Lab Physicians 2018 Jul-Sep;10(3):354-356

Department of Pathology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Cutaneous myxomas are rare benign neoplasms which are frequently associated with Carney complex (CNC). Although more than 500 cases of CNC are reported, there is no literature on cytologic diagnosis of Cutaneous myxomas. An 18-year-old male, with no significant family history, presented with multiple cutaneous swellings, largest measuring 15 cm on the right cheek. Read More

Wilderness Environ Med 2018 09 26;29(3):388-391. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom (Dr Mason); International Porter Protection Group, Cardiff, United Kingdom (Dr Mason).

Methoxyflurane is a volatile, fluorinated anesthetic agent with analgesic properties. Although no longer used as an anesthetic due to concerns regarding renal toxicity in high doses, it has enjoyed a resurgence as an inhaled analgesic in prehospital care and in the emergency department. The agent is nonflammable and leads to rapid, titratable analgesia without intravenous access. Read More

Nurs Clin North Am 2018 06;53(2):137-143

Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, PO Box 870358, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA. Electronic address:

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in infants and young children. There are 5 collection methods commonly used to obtain a urine sample from an infant or small child: suprapubic aspiration, urethral catheterization, clean catch void, urine collection bag, and urine collection pad. Although invasive, suprapubic aspiration and urethral catheterization are less likely to cause contamination of the specimen. Read More

J Pediatr 2017 12 28;191:259-261.e1. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.

Post-hoc analysis of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux study suggests that, in concordance with European guidelines, using bacteriologic criterion of ≥10 000 colony forming units/mL of a single organism does not decrease diagnostic specificity of an urinary tract infection in children aged 2 months to 6 years in a properly collected urine if symptoms/fever and pyuria are present.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00405704. Read More