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Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2021 Apr 25. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.

Background: Extrinsic skin aging or photoaging was previously thought to be almost exclusively due to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, recent literature has described other contributing factors and clarification is thus required as to what extent and what type of daily photoprotection is needed to mitigate extrinsic skin aging.

Methods: We reviewed the existing scientific evidence on daily photoprotection, and specific requirements at the product level, to prevent extrinsic skin aging. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Systemic photoprotection aims to negate the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Systemic supplements might be used as a monotherapy or in combination with topical sunscreens. Using the keywords 'carotenoids,' 'flavonoids,' 'systemic photoprotection,' 'polyphenols' and 'polypodium leucotomos extract," we searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE to find relevant English-language articles. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Jul 4;35(7):1460-1469. Epub 2021 May 4.

IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Increasing evidence on the impact of the different wavelengths of sunlight on the skin demonstrates the need for tailored recommendations of sunscreen according to skin phototype and dermatoses, which is now possible due to advances in the filters and formulations of sunscreens. A selective literature search was performed by an international expert panel, focusing on the type of sunscreen to recommend for photoaging, skin cancers, photodermatoses, pigmentary disorders and skin inflammatory disorders. Protection against ultraviolet (UV)B is especially important for light skin as there is a high risk of sunburn, DNA damage and skin cancers. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2021 Jun 21;43(3):341-351. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciencies of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Objective: Differences in skin physiology and lifestyle among people can influence the skin damage caused by solar radiation. Photoprotection habits play an important role to prevent skin photoaging. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the skin changes resulting from solar exposure in young men by skin imaging techniques. Read More

Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021 Jan 19;20(1):139-151. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Laboratories of Cosmetology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.

Some vegetable oils are currently being promoted as a safe alternative to commercial sunscreens. The true UVB photoprotective efficacy of 14 virgin vegetable oils and the suitability of the dilution method for determining their SPF value were evaluated. Oils and standard sunscreens were investigated in vitro by the Mansur's method in Slovakia and in vivo by the ISO method in the Czech Republic. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021 Jun 18;202:111636. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

The increasing incidence of diseases caused by the harmful effects of UV radiation in skin, predominantly skin cancer, induce the search for more efficient photoprotector agents. Nowadays, titanium dioxide (TiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) are the most widely used photoprotectors and therefore form the main components of commercially available sunscreens. Although the outstanding efficiency in absorbing and scattering UV radiation, mainly as nanoparticles, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the safe use of these nanoparticles, especially due to their high generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021 Jun 27;202:111658. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

TiO acts as an inorganic sunscreen and photocatalyst to protect humans from environmental pollutants. We incorporated TiO into mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for skin application to prevent environmental stresses including UVA irradiation and pollutant invasion. Organic ultraviolet (UV)A filters such as avobenzone and oxybenzone were then loaded into mesoporous support for synergistic sunscreen efficiency. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Feb 16;22(4). Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Susceptibility to photoimmune suppression and photocarcinogenesis is greater in male than in female humans and mice and is exacerbated in female estrogen receptor-beta knockout (ER-β-/-) mice. We previously reported that the active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), applied topically protects against the ultraviolet radiation (UV) induction of cutaneous cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and the suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in female mice. Here, we compare these responses in female versus male Skh:hr1 mice, in ER-β-/-/-- versus wild-type C57BL/6 mice, and in female ER-blockaded Skh:hr1 mice. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 11;9:598717. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.

Light has attracted special attention as a stimulus for triggered drug delivery systems (DDS) due to its intrinsic features of being spatially and temporally tunable. Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has recently been used as a source of external light stimuli to control the release of drugs using a "switch on- switch off" procedure. This review discusses the promising potential of UVA radiation as the light source of choice for photo-controlled drug release from a range of photo-responsive and photolabile nanostructures photo-isomerization, photo-cleavage, photo-crosslinking, and photo-induced rearrangement. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 May 25;84(5):1233-1244. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Department of Dermatology, Photomedicine and Photobiology Unit, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.

Cutaneous photobiology studies have focused primarily on the ultraviolet portion of the solar spectrum. Visible light (VL), which comprises 50% of the electromagnetic radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and, as discussed in Part I of this CME, has cutaneous biologic effects, such as pigment darkening and erythema. Photoprotection against VL includes avoiding the sun, seeking shade, and using photoprotective clothing. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Clínica Dermatológica Multidisciplinar, Dermik, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Pathophysiology of rosacea is not completely understood and involves a complex interaction among genetics, ultraviolet (UV) light, microorganisms, impaired skin barrier, neuronal and vascular dysfunction, and immune system disruption.

Aims: To describe the etiology of rosacea with an emphasis on the role of UV radiation and exposome, and to review the importance of non-pharmacologic strategies focusing on photoprotection.

Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the literature. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2021 Feb 12. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata - IRCCS.

Background: The incidence of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) is increasing worldwide and these tumours have become an important health issue. Topical and systemic photoprotection are the cornerstone to decrease the incidence of these tumours.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to collect information about the knowledge of patients with a history of NMSC or melanoma regarding systemic photoprotection. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Apr 21;20(4):1044-1049. Epub 2021 Feb 21.

University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Background: With the global sunscreen market expected to reach $24.4 billion worldwide by 2029, this demonstrates the increasing awareness of the damaging effects of sunlight. Sunscreen has been gradually evolving, and new photoprotective ingredients are continuing to be produced in response to growing scientific evidence on the effect of solar radiation on the skin. Read More

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021 Apr 13;11(2):315-325. Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an estimated prevalence of 10-15% in children and 2-10% in adults. Clinically, there is notable phenotypic variability driven by a complex interaction between genetics, immune function, and the environment. Impairment of the skin barrier plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of AD. Read More

Int J Womens Dermatol 2021 Jan 9;7(1):45-69. Epub 2020 Sep 9.

Dermatology Division, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States.

Background: Sunscreens are topical preparations containing one or more compounds that filter, block, reflect, scatter, or absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Part 2 of this review focuses on the environmental, ecological effects and human toxicities that have been attributed to UV filters.

Methods: Literature review using NIH databases (eg, PubMed and Medline), FDA and EPA databases, Google Scholar, the , and the (). Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 19;18(2). Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Dermatology Department, Costa del Sol Hospital, 29603 Marbella, Spain.

Excessive sun exposure is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports performed without adequate photoprotection are risky practices in this respect. This study examines whether elite athletes in water sports (specifically surfing, windsurfing, and sailing) take appropriate measures to protect their skin from the sun, and whether there are differences in this respect according to age, gender, or sports discipline. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 10;18(2). Epub 2021 Jan 10.

Dermatology Department, Costa del Sol Hospital, 29603 Marbella, Spain.

Excessive sun exposure and insufficient protection are the main risk factors for the onset of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (the most common types of cancer suffered by fair-skinned populations) and other adverse effects on the skin and eyes. Epidemiological data highlight the scant awareness of this risk among young people and the high rates of sunburn often recorded among this population. The main aim of the present study is to examine sun exposure and protection behavior by university students. Read More

Mar Drugs 2020 Dec 21;18(12). Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology Department, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.

In recent years, research on natural products has gained considerable attention, particularly in the cosmetic industry, which is looking for new bio-active and biodegradable molecules. In this study, cosmetic properties of cyanobacteria and red macroalgae were analyzed. The extractions were conducted in different solvents (water, ethanol and two combinations of water:ethanol). Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2021 Feb 24;134:111161. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 5, Gong Xing Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. Electronic address:

Artificial sunscreens are already gaining traction in order to protect the skin from sunburns, photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. However, the efficacy and safety of most artificial sunscreen constituents are hindered by their photostability, toxicity and damage to marine ecosystems. Natural selection and evolution have ensured that plants and animals have developed effective protective mechanisms against the deleterious side effects of oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation (UV). Read More

Hautarzt 2021 Jan 21;72(1):2-5. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, UKR - Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland.

Skin aging results from the interaction of genetic and nongenetic so-called exposomal, factors. Among the exposomal factors, chronic, life-long exposure to sunlight is of eminent importance for the development of skin aging characteristics. Importantly, photoaging of human skin is not only caused by ultraviolet (UV) B and A radiation, but is also the consequence of exposure to wavelengths beyond the UV spectrum. Read More

J Oleo Sci 2020 ;69(12):1627-1639

Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of solid lipid and oil structures on the physicochemical properties, kinetic release, photostability, and photoprotection of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) containing octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC). OMC was used as a model compound since it is an effective sunscreen agent and is widely used in sunscreen products; however, it is unstable after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. OMC-loaded NLC were prepared from different solid lipids (cetyl palmitate (CP) or tristearin) and oils (caprylic/capric triglyceride, isopropyl myristate or isononyl isononanoate) at a 4:1 ratio. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2020 Dec 7;213:112078. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina; Instituto de Física de Mar del Plata (IFIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina. Electronic address:

Gadusols are efficient nature UV sunscreens with antioxidant capacity. The kinetics of the quenching reactions of singlet oxygen O(∆) by gadusol species was evaluated in aqueous solution as well as in the presence of direct charged micelles. Time-resolved phosphorescence detection of O(∆) indicated that gadusolate, the main species under biological pH, is a more efficient quencher than the enol form with a rate constant of ca. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Feb 18;20(2):532-537. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

Colorescience, Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a main cause of aging of sun-exposed skin, but greater attention is being focused on the damaging effects of high-energy visible (HEV) light (400 and 500 nm). HEV light exposure has increased with expanding use of consumer electronics, such as smartphones, which have a peak emission in the 400-490 nm range. Sunscreens containing titanium dioxide and zinc oxide protect against UVA and UVB radiation but provide limited protection against HEV light. Read More

AAPS PharmSciTech 2020 Nov 8;21(8):311. Epub 2020 Nov 8.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo-USP, Avenida do Café s/n - Bairro: Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.

The effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun are cumulative and can result in chemical changes such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the regular use of sunscreen. As an alternative, the use of antioxidants, such as quercetin, into sunscreen can control these effects and provide additional skin photoprotection. However, quercetin presents low stability and poor permeation, alternatively, the encapsulation in nanoparticles can improve the stability and skin permeation. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020 Nov 3;22(43):25390-25395. Epub 2020 Nov 3.

Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.

Many current ultraviolet filters present potential hazards both to humans and to the natural environment. As such there is a new impetus to develop, through intimate characterisation, ultraviolet filters for use in cosmeceuticals. Here we report a new class of organic molecules which have a strong absorption band across the ultraviolet-A and -B regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and high photostability. Read More

AAPS PharmSciTech 2020 Oct 18;21(8):288. Epub 2020 Oct 18.

Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Departament of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Av. Juvêncio Arruda, s/n, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-600, Brazil.

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles formed by solid and liquid lipids. In this study, NLC containing an organic UV filter, bemotrizinol, were developed for sunscreen formulation using carnauba wax and caprylic/capric triglycerides through ultrasonication technique. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the influence of three variables on the particle size with the purpose of choosing the best system for further characterization. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Jan 16;38(1):88-91. Epub 2020 Oct 16.

Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Background/objectives: Sun exposure during childhood is a modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. Social media (including parenting blogs) represent promising platforms for understanding misinformation about pediatric photoprotection. This study's objective was to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the digital social context of parenting blogs that shape parents' decisions about children's photoprotection. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Jun 9;20(6):1788-1794. Epub 2020 Nov 9.

Laboratoire de Pharmacie industrielle et de Cosmétologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Nantes, MMS, EA2160, Nantes, France.

Background: Following a growing mistrust in a certain number of ingredients used by the cosmetic industry, it has become popular in recent years for consumers to make their own products at home. This trend now touches on all areas of the industry, but is especially found in the hygiene sector, with shampoos and toothpaste, and the care sector, with moisturizers and sunscreen, products.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze sunscreen recipes found on the Internet and to assess their level of photoprotective efficacy. Read More

J Cosmet Sci 2020 Jul/Aug;71(4):217-226

St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.Y.).

Melanin, in people with naturally pigmented skins, offers a high level of photoprotection against the adverse molecular and clinical effects of solar ultraviolet radiation but, in contrast, has a modest inhibitory effect on vitamin D synthesis. Tanning in those with light skin offers relatively modest photoprotection. Sunscreens have the potential to offer high levels of protection in people who lack melanin. Read More

Arch Dermatol Res 2020 Dec 15;312(10):739-746. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Data on how patients with a history of skin cancer apply sunscreen are lacking.

Objective: To characterize (1) gender differences in sunscreen application technique (quantity used, anatomic site coverage, and time allocated) and (2) differences in sunscreen application to unaffected skin versus previous skin cancer sites.

Methods: Subjects with a history of skin cancer were asked to apply sunscreen to their head as they normally would. Read More