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Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2019 Feb 18;17(1):eRW4456. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.

Layered double hydroxides have received more attention from researchers due to their range of applications, ease of synthesis and low cost of production. With broader knowledge about solar radiation effects on the body, the use of sunscreens has become even more important. The ability of some nanostructures, such as layered double hydroxides, to act as matrices has made it possible to obtain improvements in photoprotective formulations, with solutions to problems caused by radiation and sunscreens. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2019 Jan-Feb;94(1):56-61

Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu (SP), Brasil.

Background: Most of the organism's vitamin D (VD) is obtained through the cutaneous synthesis after exposure to the sun's UVB radiation. Sunscreens are indicated for the prevention of actinic damage to the skin, however, there are few clinical trials assessing the synthesis of cutaneous VD in real-life situations of sun exposure with ordinary clothing and usual photoprotection.

Objectives: To evaluate the synthesis of VD with suberythemal sun exposure in healthy adults using topical photoprotection (SPF 30). Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 550 Jin Yu Road, Pudong, Shanghai, P.R. China.

Objective: The present study aimed to establish a predictive in vitro method for assessing the photoprotective properties of sunscreens using a reconstructed full-thickness skin model.

Materials And Methods: A full-thickness skin model reconstructed with human fibroblasts and keratinocytes isolated from Chinese skin was exposed to daily UV radiation (DUVR). We examined the transcriptomic response, identifying genes for which expression was modulated by DUVR in a dose-dependent manner. Read More

Photochem Photobiol 2019 Jan 20. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Dermatology Department, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy.

In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that prolonged oral administration of flavanol rich cocoas extracts have photoprotective effects. The aim of the present study is to assess the photoprotective activity of short-time administration of a new variety of naturally selected cocoa extract rich in bioactive compounds. We selected a cocoa powder particularly rich in polyphenols, flavanols, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. Read More

Mar Drugs 2019 Jan 14;17(1). Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Ecology and Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, E-29071 Malaga, Spain.

The safety and stability of synthetic UV-filters and the procedures for evaluating the photoprotective capability of commercial sunscreens are under continuous review. The influence of pH and temperature stressors on the stability of certain Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) isolated at high purity levels was examined. MAAs were highly stable at room temperature during 24 h at pH 4. Read More

J Pharm Sci 2018 Dec 30. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

BASF Grenzach GmbH, Grenzach-Whylen, Germany.

Cosmetic oils are used to dissolve crystalline lipophilic UV filters; however, little knowledge exists about the effect of other formulation ingredients. This study investigates the influence of emulsifiers on the recrystallization speed of 4 UV filters and the impact of UV-filter crystal formation on delivered performance. The crystallization pattern of studied UV filters was assessed using X-ray diffractometry, whereas their recrystallization speed in formulations with various emulsifiers was monitored microscopically. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2019 Feb 24;131:399-407. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address:

Visible light can induce the generation of singlet oxygen and can cause oxidative stress, especially in melanocytes due to melanin photosensitization. Currently, there is no organic UV-filter that provide visible light protection. Previous studies showed that some antioxidants, such as apigenin (API), chrysin (CRI) and beta-carotene (BTC) besides neutralizing radical chain reactions can also quench singlet oxygen via physical or chemical quenching and exhibit potential for use in photoprotection. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 12 5;9(1):5188. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Meradimate is a broad-spectrum ultraviolet absorber used as a chemical filter in commercial sunscreens. Herein, we explore the ultrafast photodynamics occurring in methyl anthranilate (precursor to Meradimate) immediately after photoexcitation with ultraviolet radiation to understand the mechanisms underpinning Meradimate photoprotection. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, signal from the first singlet excited state of methyl anthranilate shows an oscillatory behavior, i. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Nov 16. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.

Photoprotection has become integral in the prevention of keratinocyte cancer and photoaging. Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters such as oxybenzone and octinoxate have become controversial due to their potential impact on the environmental and their potential human health risks. As such, inorganic UV filters, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO ) have become paramount in discussions about photoprotection. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2018 Dec;40(6):589-595

Avon Products, Inc., Suffern, New York, USA.

Objective: This paper presents in vivo an in vitro studies demonstrating the induction of pigmentation in human skin by visible light which can be blocked by using formulation containing the correct amount of yellow iron oxide (YIO).

Methods: An in vitro absorption method was developed to determine the protection provided by a test formulation containing 4.5% YIO using an IPD UVA-VIS action spectrum. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018 Nov 5. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Use of sunscreens on the face is becoming popular, and patients with melasma are prescribed sunscreen for use on the face. Results of a few Western studies on the effect of sunscreen use on serum vitamin D concentration are not applicable to Indian conditions.

Aims: To examine the effect of use of a high sun protection factor (SPF 50+, PA++++) sunscreen on face in patients with melasma on serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Read More

Curr Med Res Opin 2018 Nov 8:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

c Direzione Medica Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper Caronno Pertusella ( VA ), Italy.

Background: Treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and field cancerization with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective therapeutic approach with a significant reduction in the number of AK lesions (-75% or more) associated with a significant cosmetic improvement of the photodamaged skin. Recently, also, the daylight PDT (DL-PDT) has proven to be as effective as the conventional PDT (C-PDT), but with a better tolerability. After C-PDT and DL-PDT it is advised to use photoprotection strategies to improve the clinical evolution and prevent the appearance of new AK lesions that usually appear 3-6 months after the last phototherapy session. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Nov;19(Suppl 1):40-44

Buenos Aires Skin, Avenida Cordoba 1184, 10 Piso. (1055), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The solar radiation range has harmful and beneficial effects. Sunscreens, which selectively block specific spectral regions, may potentially interfere with skin homeostasis. For instance, the ultraviolet (UV) B waveband produces erythema and DNA damage; simultaneously, it induces pre-vitamin D synthesis. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018 Oct;20(38):24796-24806

College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.

Apart from being an analogue of the prototype for photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), 2-ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDMABA) is also one of the earliest patented and most commonly used sunscreen components. There is, however, little documented information about the photophysics and factors affecting the photophysics of this molecule. Such information is of importance for both the understanding of the ICT reaction and assessing the underlying process of photoprotection, especially in view of the "sunscreen controversy" that has arisen from the contrasting in vivo vs. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Sep 8;19(9). Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

Melanin, the pigment produced by specialized cells, melanocytes, is responsible for skin and hair color. Skin pigmentation is an important protective mechanism against the DNA damaging and mutagenic effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV). It is acknowledged that exposure to UV is the main etiological environmental factor for all forms of skin cancer, including melanoma. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Aug 24;8(1):12722. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.

The adverse effects of terrestrial solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (~295-400 nm) on the skin are well documented, especially in the UVB region (~295-320 nm). The effects of very long-wave UVA (>380 nm) and visible radiation (≥400 nm) are much less known. Sunscreens have been beneficial in inhibiting a wide range of photodamage, however most formulations provide very little protection in the long wave UVA region (380-400 nm) and almost none from shortwave visible wavelengths (400-420 nm). Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2019 Jan 14;80(1):266-271. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Electronic address:

With increasing awareness regarding the risks of sunburn, photoaging, and skin cancer, the use of sunscreens has increased. Organic and inorganic filters are used in sunscreen products worldwide. Concerns have been raised regarding the environmental effects of commonly used organic ultraviolet (UV) filters, including oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, octocrylene, and octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate). Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2018 Aug 28;185:254-261. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Malappuram 673635, India. Electronic address:

A computational analysis of UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity of a flavanone, Eriodictyol has been performed under DFT-B3LYP/6-31+ G (d, p). Eriodictyol is nontoxic and nonirritant bitter masker commonly used in the wine industry. It has been reported that the flavanones were widely acceptable for photoprotection due to its potential UV filtering and radical scavenging capacity. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2018 Sep 4;122:185-194. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

The UVA absorbers such as avobenzone are widely used for sunlight protection; however, they show a significant skin penetration. The aim of the present study was to formulate UVA absorbers into mesoporous silicas (MSs) for enhanced UVA protection with reduced percutaneous absorption. Two MSs prepared with different structure-directing agents (Pluronic P123 as single MS and combined Pluronic P123-Pluronic F68 as hybrid MS) were synthesized in this study. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2018 Oct;98(9):880-887

St John's Institute of Dermatology, Kings College London, SE1 9RT London, United Kingdom.

The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is a potentially mutagenic DNA photolesion that is the basis of most skin cancers. There are no data on DNA protection by sunscreens under typical conditions of use. The study aim was to determine such protection, in phototypes I/II, with representative sunscreen-user application. Read More

J Phys Chem Lett 2018 Jun 23;9(11):3043-3048. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K.

Photoprotection from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is a key problem in modern society. Mycosporine-like amino acids found in fungi, cyanobacteria, macroalgae, phytoplankton, and animals are already presenting a promising form of natural photoprotection in sunscreen formulations. Using time-resolved transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and guided by complementary ab initio calculations, we help to unravel how the core structures of these molecules perform under UV irradiation. Read More

Lupus 2018 Jul 17;27(8):1287-1295. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

2 Department of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Objective The objective of this paper is to determine photoprotection awareness, knowledge, practices, and its relationship with disease activity and damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Data were acquired from in-person interviews and medical records. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;93(1):39-44

Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) - Curitiba (PR), Brazil.

Background: The greatest sun exposure occurs until adolescence and this is the only factor involved in photocarcinogenesis subject to modification with photoprotection.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the habits and knowledge of adolescents regarding photoprotection.

Method: Cross-sectional study that included 512 students from primary and high school. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Mar 31;10(4). Epub 2018 Mar 31.

EA7288 Université de Montpellier, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.

Skin is the largest body organ and the first barrier to exogenous threats. This organ is constantly exposed to external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, which induces many adverse effects including sunburn, depigmentation, photo aging, photo immune suppression, and even skin cancer. Antioxidants seem to be good candidates in order to reduce ultraviolet-mediated damages and to prevent the health consequences of ultraviolet exposure. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2018 May 20;17(5):7227-7237. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in skin, resulting in photoaging. Natural botanicals have gained considerable attention due to their beneficial protection against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of curcumin (Cur) to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against ultraviolet A (UVA)‑induced photoaging. Read More

Molecules 2018 Mar 16;23(3). Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.

Photosensitization by drugs is a problem of increasing importance in modern life. This phenomenon occurs when a chemical substance in the skin is exposed to sunlight. Photosensitizing drugs are reported to cause severe skin dermatitis, and indeed, it is generally advised to avoid sunbathing and to apply sunscreen. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 May 22;109(4):331-339. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, España. Electronic address:

Objective: This study was aimed to examine patients' knowledge, behaviours and attitudes regarding actinic keratosis (AK) lesions and the impact of the disease on patients' quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Observational study of patients with AK lesions in Spain. QoL was evaluated with the validated version of Spanish AKQoL questionnaire. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2018 Mar 31;180:198-207. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Universidade Tiradentes, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolânida, Aracaju, SE, Brazil; Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa - ITP, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolânida, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.

The negative effects triggered by ultraviolet radiation, such as premature aging and carcinogenesis, have motivated several studies on photoprotection. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included the incorporation of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as flavonoids, into sunscreens and the oral administration of natural antioxidant extracts. Brazilian Red propolis extract contains isoflavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 Feb 13;18(1):315-321. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Department of Pharmaceutics, N.G.S.M. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India.

Background: Novel drug delivery systems have gained popularity since last two decades because of its advantages over conventional dosage forms. Effect of UV radiation on skin can cause either acute or chronic damage to our skin. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were developed as novel carrier over the conventional carrier systems like liposomes and emulsions. Read More

FASEB J 2018 07 2;32(7):3700-3706. Epub 2018 Feb 2.

St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Epidermal DNA damage, especially to the basal layer, is an established cause of keratinocyte cancers (KCs). Large differences in KC incidence (20- to 60-fold) between white and black populations are largely attributable to epidermal melanin photoprotection in the latter. The cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) is the most mutagenic DNA photolesion; however, most studies suggest that melanin photoprotection against CPD is modest and cannot explain the considerable skin color-based differences in KC incidence. Read More

J Phys Chem A 2018 Mar 14;122(8):1986-1993. Epub 2018 Feb 14.

Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States.

4-Hydroxybenzothiazole (4-HBT) is a molecular constituent of pheomelanin-a polymeric skin centered pigment which acts as a natural photoprotector against harmful solar-UV radiation. Its molecular structure is therefore required to sustain a degree of photostability upon electronic excitation with UV irradiation. Despite its function as a protector against UV, pheomelanin is known to be less photostable than that of its close derivative eumelanin-a dark skin centered pigment. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Jan 30. Epub 2018 Jan 30.

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Introduction: Cutaneous hyperchromias are disorders of skin pigmentation involving increased melanin production and its irregular accumulation in skin cells. The use of sunscreens is fundamental for the control of hyperchromias by reducing the stimulation of pigmentation, as melanin synthesis is mainly stimulated by solar radiation. Many studies have demonstrated that visible light can induce significant skin damage. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2018 Apr 24;153(2):216-229. Epub 2018 Jan 24.

Unit of Dermatology, "A. Perrino" Hospital, Brindisi, Italy.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic-relapsing disease. It is defined as a LE localized to the skin without any significant systemic symptoms. Its annual incidence is of 4 cases per 100,000 persons with a prevalence of 73 cases per 100,000 persons. Read More

Steroids 2018 03 31;131:46-58. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal. Electronic address:

The Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is emitted by the sun and is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are three types of UV rays (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C), however only UV-A and UV-B have biologic effects in humans, with UV-B radiation being primarily responsible for these effects. Among the measures of photoprotection advised by the health authorities, the topical application of sunscreens (containing UV-B filters) is the preferred worldwide. Read More

Chem Commun (Camb) 2018 Jan;54(8):936-939

Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

Sinapate esters are used throughout the plant kingdom, for example in photoprotection from ultraviolet radiation. Sinapate esters are naturally produced in their E-isomeric form; however, upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, photoisomerization drives Z-isomer formation. To elucidate the photoprotection capacity of E vs. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 05 29;78(5):902-910.e2. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Electronic address:

Background: The value of additional photoprotection provided by use of high-sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens is controversial, and limited clinical evidence exists.

Objective: To compare the sunburn protection provided by SPF 100+ and SPF 50+ sunscreen in conditions of actual use.

Methods: A total of 199 healthy men and women (≥18 years) participated in a natural sunlight, single-exposure, split-face, randomized, double-blind study in Vail, Colorado. Read More

J Dermatol 2018 Feb 20;45(2):145-149. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a genetic disease characterized by sensitivity to sunlight caused by the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX. Photoprotection against ultraviolet A and visible light is necessary for erythropoietic porphyria patients because the absorption spectrum of protoporphyrin IX lies in both ultraviolet A and visible light region. We developed a novel index, in vitro porphyrin protection factor, based on the protoporphyrin IX absorbance spectrum. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Mar 27;34(2):117-121. Epub 2017 Dec 27.

Department of Dermatology, Bispbjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: To be effective, sunscreens must be applied in a sufficient quantity and reapplication is recommended. No previous study has investigated whether time spent on sunscreen application is important for the achieved photoprotection.

Aim: To determine whether time spent on sunscreen application is related to the amount of sunscreen used during a first and second application. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2018 Jan 21;178:316-322. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Electronic address:

Natural products, or secondary metabolites, obtained from fungal species associated with marine algae have been widely used in sunscreens due to their antioxidant activity and protective potential against solar radiation. The endophytic fungus isolated from Bostrychia radicans algae collected in the Rio Escuro mangrove, São Paulo State, Brazil, Annulohypoxylon stygium (Xylariaceae family) was studied to evaluate the photoprotective potential of its metabolites. The Annulohypoxylon genus can produce secondary metabolites with interesting cytotoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant properties and was never isolated before from a marine alga or had its metabolites studied for UV protection. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Jun 25;178(6):1353-1363. Epub 2018 Mar 25.

St John's Institute of Dermatology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K.

Background: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) induces molecular and genetic changes in the skin, which result in skin cancer, photoageing and photosensitivity disorders. The use of sunscreens is advocated to prevent such photodamage; however, most formulations contain organic and inorganic UVR filters that are nonbiodegradable and can damage fragile marine ecosystems. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are natural UVR-absorbing compounds that have evolved in marine species for protection against chronic UVR exposure in shallow-water habitats. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018 Mar 20;34(2):130-136. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia & Photomedicine Institute, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Background: There is no accepted method to objectively assess the visual appearance of sunscreens on the skin.

Methods: We present a method for sunscreen application, digital photography, and computer analysis to quantify the appearance of the skin after sunscreen application. Four sunscreen lotions were applied randomly at densities of 0. Read More

Curr Med Chem 2018 ;25(40):5487-5502

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.

Background: Exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a causative factor in skin photodamage and carcinogenesis, and inflammatory dysregulation is a key mechanism underlying detrimental effects of acute and chronic UV exposure. The health and economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial, creating an increasingly urgent need for the development of improved molecular strategies for photoprotection and photochemoprevention.

Methods: A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature revealed 139 articles including our own that are presented and critically evaluated in this TLR4-directed review. Read More

BMJ Open 2017 Aug 21;7(8):e018364. Epub 2017 Aug 21.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.

Introduction: Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic condition caused by defective nucleotide excision repair and characterised by skin cancer, ocular and neurological involvement. Stringent ultraviolet protection is the only way to prevent skin cancer. Despite the risks, some patients' photoprotection is poor, with a potentially devastating impact on their prognosis. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2018 May 18;29(3):256-268. Epub 2017 Aug 18.

a Division of Pharmaceutical Technology , Defence Research Laboratory , Tezpur , Assam , India.

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is known to cause inevitable damage to human skin via different mechanisms which include disruption of genetic material and generation of free radicals. In the ever emerging field of photoprotective agents, there have been constant endeavors to uphold the standards for optimum protection from solar UV-induced damages which include alarming conditions ranging from severe keratosis to malignant transformation of skin cells. Out of the various methods available for photoprotection, chemical photoprotective agents are most popular due to its ease of applicability, availability, and efficacy. Read More

Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017 Aug;19(31):21127-21131

Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.

We explore the effects of solvent viscosity on the trans-cis photoisomerization of sinapoyl malate, which is utilized as a sunscreen molecule in plants. Our results demonstrate that viscosity has a significant effect on the timescale for isomerization, providing insight into the nuclear motions involved. The ramifications of these findings are discussed with reference to sinapoyl malate's in vivo photoprotection properties. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2017 Aug 12;173:686-695. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India. Electronic address:

Malaxis acuminata D. Don., a small, terrestrial orchid, is endemic to tropical Himalayas at an altitude of 1200-2000m asl. Read More

Sci Prog 2016 Sep;99(3):282-311

In this review, we discuss the importance of biological and artificial photoprotection against overexposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation. Transient electronic and transient vibrational absorption spectroscopies are highlighted as important tools in understanding the energy transfer in small molecules, with a focus on the application to commercial sunscreens with representative examples given. Oxybenzone, a common ingredient in commercial sunscreens and sinapoyl malate, a biological sunscreen in plant leaves are presented as case studies. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2017 Oct 11;39(5):550-555. Epub 2017 Aug 11.

Research & Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany.

Objective: This study aimed to assess sunscreen application habits and relative body coverage after single whole body application.

Methods: Fifty-two healthy volunteers were asked to use the test product once, following their usual sunscreen application routine. Standardized UV photographs, which were evaluated by Image Analysis, were conducted before and immediately after product application to evaluate relative body coverage. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2017 Nov;97(10):1196-1201

Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.

Patients with photodermatoses or actinic keratosis benefit from very high ultraviolet B-ultraviolet A (UVB-UVA) photoprotection. However, poor compliance is an issue that jeopardizes adequate protection, leading to disease recurrence. This study evaluated the efficacy of a daily protective moisturizer with high UVB and UVA photoprotection applied 8 h before irradiation. Read More