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Clin Imaging 2022 Jun 8;89:23-36. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America. Electronic address:

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a clinical disorder resulting from compression of the neurovascular bundle of the lower neck and upper chest. TOS can be categorized into neurogenic, venous, and arterial subtypes which result from anatomical compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian vein, and subclavian artery, respectively. This can lead to neurogenic pain as well as vascular injury with thrombosis and thromboembolism. Read More

J Cardiol Cases 2022 Jun 31;25(6):326-329. Epub 2021 Dec 31.

Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

A 22-year-old woman with complete Fontan palliation for tricuspid valve hypoplasia and chronic anemia presented to a local hospital for swelling of her left arm. Initially, the patient was hemodynamically stable without dyspnea or chest pain. Admission hemoglobin was 53 g/L and D-dimer 0. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 24;14(4):e24437. Epub 2022 Apr 24.

Internal Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, USA.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome, also known as venous thoracic outlet syndrome, is primarily an effort-induced thrombosis of the subclavian and axillary veins. Treatment modalities involve systemic anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), and surgical decompression. Early endovascular intervention is noted to improve outcomes and result in symptomatic relief. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2022 Apr;72(4):752-754

Department of General Surgery, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, UK.

Splanchnic vein thromboses are well recognized vascular complications of acute as well as chronic pancreatitis. Extra splanchnic thromboses have rarely been reported. One such case of a 41-year-old Pakistani male patient who developed acute alcoholic pancreatitis is presented. Read More

Vascular 2022 May 4:17085381221088416. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Surgery, 1261St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Objectives: Recurrent effort thrombosis after prior surgical intervention for venous thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is an uncommon problem, and there are multiple alternative surgical approaches in the management of recurrent venous TOS.

Methods: We present a case of a 23 year-old female professional athlete who presented with arm swelling, pain, and recurrent effort thrombosis after prior transaxillary rib resection. Imaging at our institution revealed subclavian vein thrombosis, confirmed with dynamic venography, as well as a remnant first rib. Read More

Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2022 Jan-Mar;12(1):54-57. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Surgical Intensive Care, Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Rashid Hospital, Oud Metha, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS), which is also called "effort thrombosis," is a venous variant of thoracic outlet syndrome. We report a rare case of upper-limb deep venous thrombosis (ULDVT) in a young patient who was later diagnosed as PSS. PSS is a rare cause of ULDVT, and it is usually seen in young adults who are involved in strenuous physical activity. Read More

Acta Biomed 2022 03 14;93(1):e2022031. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Chylothorax is an uncommon cause of pleural effusion in routine clinical practice. Thoracic surgery, trauma and malignancy are the leading causes of chylothorax accounting for more than 90% of cases.1,2 We report this rare case of a middle aged lady with treated carcinoma breast who presented with left-sided chylothorax secondary to subclavian vein and superior vena cava thrombosis caused by a longstanding indwelling chemo-port in the right internal jugular vein. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022 Jul 16;44(5):e892-e895. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Departments of Pediatrics.

Background: Medical affirmation, including gender-affirming hormones, is an essential component in the treatment of many transgender and gender-diverse youth. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during testosterone therapy for gender-affirming care is not fully elucidated.

Observation: The case describes a 17-year-old transgender male treated with testosterone therapy who presented with an occlusive deep vein thrombosis of right axillary and subclavian veins. Read More

Phlebology 2022 May 24;37(4):279-288. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Oncology, 66307Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China.

Background: Totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) is a completely closed intravenous infusion system that stays in the human body for a long time. It is used for the infusion of strong irritating or hyperosmotic drugs, nutritional support treatment, blood transfusion and blood specimen collection, and other purposes. There are two common ways of TIVAP: internal jugular vein implantation and subclavian vein implantation. Read More

Am J Ind Med 2022 04 23;65(4):281-285. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Department of Occupational Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California, USA.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS) is a primary deep venous thrombosis of the subclavian-axillary vein complex occurring after repetitive and strenuous use of the shoulders and arms. Here, we report the case of a 24-year-old man who presented with left subclavian and axillary vein thrombosis after loading and unloading labor, who was diagnosed with PSS confirmed with Doppler ultrasound, and treated with anticoagulation. By comparing our case with 45 published case reports, we also aim to analyze patient characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for the disorder. Read More

Transl Cancer Res 2021 Feb;10(2):627-636

Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), the VIP-II Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of the Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.

Background: Apatinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), has been used to treat esophagogastric adenocarcinoma. However, the dosage of apatinib varies greatly in clinical practice, and its safety in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients is unclear. Therefore, we initiated a phase 1 dose-escalation trial to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of apatinib when combined with irinotecan in ESCC. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 Feb 25;91:106788. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Hospital Metropolitano, Department of Surgery, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador.

Introduction And Importance: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare syndrome caused by compression of one of the three neurovascular structures in their passage from the cervical area toward the axilla and proximal arm either at the interscalene triangle, the costoclavicular triangle, or the sub coracoid space. The mainstay of management is nonsurgical; however, surgery may be needed when patients persist with symptoms despite conservative management and when vascular structures are involved. Symptoms are non-specific and require high clinical awareness since this pathology tends to affect otherwise healthy young patients. Read More

Respirol Case Rep 2022 Feb 22;10(2):e0836. Epub 2022 Jan 22.

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Universitary Hospital, Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia Foggia Italy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its clinical spectrum ranges from mild to moderate or severe illness. A 78-year-old male was presented at emergency department with dyspnoea, dry cough and severe asthenia. The nasopharyngeal swab by real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Read More

Comput Math Methods Med 2022 19;2022:6470576. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Department of Nephrology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province, China.

This study was to explore the application value for central venous stenosis and occlusion in hemodialysis patients under the CT angiography based on intelligent segmentation algorithm, so that patients can survive better. Spiral CT was used to examine upper limb swelling in 62 uremic hemodialysis patients at a speed of 3.8 mL/s. Read More

World J Surg Oncol 2022 Jan 7;20(1). Epub 2022 Jan 7.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma mainly treated via surgical resection. Herein, we report a case of MPNST wherein a massive tumor thrombus extended to the major veins and heart.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old female with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 developed MPNST from the right radial nerve. Read More

Semin Pediatr Surg 2021 Dec 30;30(6):151125. Epub 2021 Oct 30.

Division of Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome represents a relatively rare but important diagnosis in the adolescent population with increasing recognition. Compression of the subclavian vein within the costoclavicular space can lead to episodic venous outlet obstruction in the upper extremity, with edema, rubor and functional symptoms. Over time, cumulative injury and compression can lead to thrombosis of the vein, referred to as "effort thrombosis" or the Paget-Schroetter syndrome. Read More

Case Rep Cardiol 2021 28;2021:2232057. Epub 2021 Nov 28.

Department of Cardiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.

Background: Chylopericardium is the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pericardial cavity. It can be idiopathic or secondary to trauma, cardiothoracic surgery, neoplasm, radiation, tuberculosis, lymphatic duct dysfunction, thrombosis, or other causes. We present a case of chylopericardium due to subclavian vein thrombosis in a patient with protein S deficiency. Read More

Circ J 2022 03 27;86(4):723. Epub 2021 Nov 27.

Division of Cardiology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center.

Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2021 20;17(3):24-27. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.

Arterialization of orbital veins is most often due to dural arteriovenous malformations of the cavernous sinus area. We report an unusual case of unilateral proptosis (exophthalmos) caused by arterialized retrograde venous flow in the external jugular vein and cavernous sinus in a patient with an upper extremity hemodialysis fistula and ipsilateral acute central venous thrombosis. The patient's symptoms improved after surgical closure of the hemodialysis fistula. Read More

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021 Oct;11(5):1150-1158

Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (vTOS) is a spectrum of disease caused by external compression of the subclavian vein as it passes through the costoclavicular space. Paget-Schroetter's Syndrome (PSS) or effort thrombosis is a subtype of vTOS where compression and microtrauma to subclavian vein from repetitive arm movements results in venous thrombosis. PSS or effort thrombosis mostly affects young otherwise healthy active individuals, and this further highlights the importance of this condition. Read More

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021 Oct;11(5):1118-1124

Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is used to describe the constellation of symptoms arising from neurovascular compression of the thoracic outlet. The structures passing through the thoracic outlet include the subclavian artery, subclavian vein and trunks of the brachial plexus. Patients may experience symptoms related to compression of any one or various combinations of these structures. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 02 16;69(2):e29445. Epub 2021 Nov 16.

Jimmy Everest Section of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.

Background: Peripheral venous access in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) can become difficult over time due to frequent access and scarring. Infusion ports provide reliable central venous access. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and infections are complications associated with SCD and infusion ports. Read More

Cureus 2021 Sep 11;13(9):e17893. Epub 2021 Sep 11.

Internal Medicine, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, IND.

A 45-year-old female who was a teacher by profession with a history of chronic asymptomatic anemia in the past presented to our hospital with complaints of intermittent fever for two weeks, cough with expectoration, dyspnea on exertion, and left upper limb edema for four days. She had a history of abdominal pain after food intake. She gave a history of having anemia for the past 23 years. Read More

Cureus 2021 Sep 10;13(9):e17882. Epub 2021 Sep 10.

Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Richmond University Medical Center, New York, USA.

For this research, we have considered a case of a man aged 60 years who developed painless fluid accumulation in the implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) pocket site. The cardiovascular implantable electronic device initially appeared to be infected, but it was eventually determined that the cause was an allergic reaction, and a novel solution was implemented. For patients with nickel allergies, treatment typically includes avoiding nickel or replacing with gold-plated devices with new leads. Read More

Case Rep Vasc Med 2021 7;2021:4245484. Epub 2021 Oct 7.

Clinical Research, Trauma and Vascular Surgery Section, HGH, Doha, Qatar.

Background: Central venous catheter represents an important tool in the management of critically ill patient. In this report, we described a COVID-19-positive case who had COVID-related complications and iatrogenic left subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm after central venous catheter insertion. . Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2021 Nov 15;16(11):3554-3557. Epub 2021 Sep 15.

Radiology Department, Princess Margaret Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.

A young male waiter presented with left shoulder pain, with ultrasound showing thrombosis of the left subclavian vein. After exclusion of hypercoagulability, a dynamic MRI upper limb venogram was performed, confirming Paget-Schroetter syndrome (PSS). Our case is unusual as Paget Schroetter syndrome are seldom reported in non athletes. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2021 Sep 13. Epub 2021 Sep 13.

Emergency Care Centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill Campus, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK.

Introduction: Whilst upper extremity deep vein thromboses (UEDVT) account for approximately 5 to 10% of all cases of DVT, rigorous guidelines regarding diagnosis and management of presenting patients remain to be developed. The association of UEDVT with concurrent asymptomatic pulmonary embolism as well as the first presentation of malignancy deems essential rigorous research and clinical guideline development to ensure optimal patient care.

Methods: This retrospective audit study is the first to provide estimates of UEDVT prevalence in the North-East Deanery main hospital centre, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary (ARI). Read More

Cureus 2021 Jul 28;13(7):e16698. Epub 2021 Jul 28.

Internal Medicine, Ocala Regional Medical Center, Ocala, USA.

Concomitant arterial and venous thrombosis is an infrequent event often associated with malignancy, hyperhomocysteinemia, and thrombophilic conditions. Some overlapping pathophysiology mechanisms suggest an association between arterial and venous thrombosis. It is reported that thrombosis in the arterial and venous systems develops through distinct mechanisms affecting inflammatory and oxidative pathways. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jul 19;13(7):e16499. Epub 2021 Jul 19.

Internal Medicine, Southeast Health Medical Center, Dothan, USA.

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is a rare finding and is usually associated with central venous catheterization, neck infections, or local trauma. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) rarely predispose to central vein thrombosis. The usual presentation of pulmonary NET depends on tumor location and is usually non-specific. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021 Aug;43(8):838-842

Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.

To explore the high risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in breast cancer patients, and provide the basis for the development of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. A total of 1 432 breast cancer patients scheduled to receive central venous catheterization in National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2019 were selected. Baseline information and catheterization information of patients were collected. Read More