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Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022 May 1;2022. Epub 2022 May 1.

Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

Summary: We report a 26-year-old Japanese man who visited our outpatient clinic presenting fever immediately after i.m. injection of the second dose of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (Moderna®). Read More

Clin Exp Immunol 2022 May 16. Epub 2022 May 16.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. Although its etiology is not fully understood, it is believed to occur shortly after viral infections and is mostly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*35. Cellular immunity is prominent in SAT. Read More

Endocrine 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Nonhomogenous and ill-defined hypoechoic areas are typical ultrasonographic features of subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Evaluating a thyroid nodule accurately in this heterogeneous paranchime may be troublesome. This study aims to compare thyroid nodules, their characteristics, and European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (EU-TIRADS) categories at the time of the diagnosis and in the remission of SAT. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022 May 12. Epub 2022 May 12.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting recurrence in subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAT).

Methods: A total of 137 patients with SAT were enrolled in the study; 98 (71.5%) were women and 39 (28. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2022 24;10:2050313X221091392. Epub 2022 Apr 24.

Department of Hematology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.

Viral infections emerge in the pathogenesis of subacute thyroiditis. Aside from this, subacute thyroiditis following vaccines utilizing inactivated viruses has been shown on rare occasions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several vaccines have been developed all over the world; mass and unprecedented vaccination has thus been initiated. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2022 May 1. Epub 2022 May 1.

, Zonguldak, Turkey.

Subacute thyroiditis(SAT) developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been less studied. We aimed to compare classical SAT and SAT developed after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the context of clinical aspects. Adults with SAT detected in 90 days of COVID-19 vaccination (CoronaVac® or Pfizer/BioNTech®) were grouped as Vac-SAT (CoronaVac-SAT and BioNTech-SAT). Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022 Apr 25. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición «Salvador Zubirán», Mexico City, Mexico. Electronic address:

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2022 Apr 1;2022. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Summary: We report a case of subacute thyroiditis in a 40-year-old female who initially presented with painful thyroid nodules without clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism. Thyroid ultrasound was done to evaluate the thyroid nodules and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed in view of the suspicious features. As the FNA showed a follicular lesion of undetermined significance or atypia of undetermined significance (FLUS/AUS, Bethesda III), she was advised for surgical excision. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Apr 12;12(4). Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Bacteriology-Virology-Parasitology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.

This is a review of full-length articles strictly concerning subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (SVI) and COVID-19 vaccine (COV) that were published between the 1st of March 2020 and the 21st of March 2022 in PubMed-indexed journals. A total of 161 cases were reported as follows: 81 cases of SAT-SVI (2 retrospective studies, 5 case series, and 29 case reports), 80 respective cases of SAT-COV (1 longitudinal study, 14 case series, 17 case reports; also, 1 prospective study included 12 patients, with 6 patients in each category). To our knowledge, this represents the largest cohort of reported cases until the present time. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2022 Mar;10(6):322

Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.

Background: Both subacute thyroiditis (SAT) and Graves' disease (GD) can lead to thyrotoxicosis, but the methods to distinguish these two diseases are relatively complex. Therefore, it is necessary to find biomarkers which can quickly and efficiently identify the two kinds of thyrotoxicosis. Blood cell-derived indexes are widely used to evaluate systemic inflammation. Read More

Case Rep Endocrinol 2022 14;2022:3180004. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Philipps-University Marburg, Endocrinology Baldingerstraße, 35043 Marburg, Germany.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, has struck the planet with great force. As of December 2019, the virus has made its devasting route across all continents . In January 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) registered over 5. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2022 Apr 15. Epub 2022 Apr 15.

Cardiology, HealthWorld Hospitals, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.

Objective: Recent reports have suggested a link between COVID-19 infection and subacute thyroiditis (SAT). We aimed to describe variations in clinical and biochemical parameters in patients developing post-COVID SAT.

Design: Ours was a combined retrospective-prospective study on patients presenting with SAT within 3 months of recovery from COVID-19 infection, who were subsequently followed up for a further 6 months since diagnosis of SAT. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2022 Mar-Apr;8(2):73-77. Epub 2021 Oct 20.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan.

Background/objective: The development of Graves disease (GD) after subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rare, with approximately 31 reported cases, of which only 5 occurred in men. We describe a case of GD diagnosed based on newly elevated thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels after SAT.

Case Report: A 32-year-old Chinese man presented with right anterior neck pain, swelling, sore throat, cough, and fever. Read More

Thyroid 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Despite mass vaccination, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is rarely seen as a complication. The reason why some individuals are susceptible to developing vaccine-induced SAT is not known. SAT develops in genetically predisposed individuals who carry specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 18;14(2):e22353. Epub 2022 Feb 18.

Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been challenging the scientific community to promptly treat the patients and mitigate its spreading. The rapid development of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is being highly effective, but it is still lacking knowledge about its side effects. Epidemiological studies point toward virus infection as causative agents of subacute thyroiditis. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Mar;101(11)

Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan,Infectious Disease and Vaccine Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Rationale: The occurrence of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) after vaccines or after hyaluronic acid skin fillers is very rare and might be related to genetic susceptibility. We suggest that the co-administration of both products could potentially increase the possibility of development of SAT.

Patient Concerns: A 58-year-old Caucasian healthy female initially presented with chills, myalgia, dysphagia, sore throat, dry cough, fatigue, and intermittent fever of 38. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2022 Mar 26. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Purpose: The safety and efficacy of the several types of COVID-19 vaccines, including mRNA-based, viral vector-based, and inactivated vaccines, have been approved by WHO. The vaccines can confer protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection through induction of the anti-spike protein neutralizing antibodies. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been associated with very rare complications, such as thyroid disorders. Read More

Heart Views 2021 Oct-Dec;22(4):288-292. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Internal Medicine Residency Program, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

We present the case of a 38-year-old male with a history of acute chest pain associated with electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation and levels of myocardial damage markers. Few studies have evaluated chest pain and elevated troponin T during subacute thyroiditis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the reported case of myopericarditis associated with increased thyroid hormones in the bloodstream and accompanied by a significant increase in troponin T and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings of myopericarditis during the acute phase of subacute thyroiditis. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2022 Mar 22. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Medical School, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid that develops following viral upper respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, binds to the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) molecule expressed on the target cell surface. Thyroid gland shows high levels of ACE2 expression. Read More

Infect Dis Rep 2022 Mar 11;14(2):184-197. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection primarily involves the respiratory system but has many noteworthy extra pulmonary manifestations as well. We write this review to highlight the basis of some pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 infection-induced endocrine dysfunction. Different scientific databases and institutional websites were searched to collect and consolidate the most up-to-date data relating to COVID-19 infection and endocrine systems. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2022 Mar 17. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.

A 44-year-old man had persistent fever following a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Because of progressive sinus tachycardia, thyroid hormones were measured which showed hyperthyroidism. Thyroid sonography revealed enlargement of the thyroid gland with hypoechoic areas with blurred margins. Read More

Asian J Surg 2022 Mar 4. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China. Electronic address:

J Am Dent Assoc 2022 Mar 8. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Background: The purpose of this narrative review was to show that referred orofacial pain can be the chief symptom or a prominent symptom of visceral diseases of the chest and throat, with implications for dental and medical practice.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: A search of PubMed was performed to identify dentally relevant clinical case reports and case series using the following terms: jaw pain, orofacial pain, toothache, temporomandibular disorders, otalgia, neuralgia, and neuropathicpain crossed with angina, myocardial infarction, carotid artery, esophagus, mediastinum, thyroid, heart, pericardium, aorta, lung, thymus gland, and stomach.

Results: Numerous acute, visceral disorders of the throat and chest have been reported to produce pain in the orofacial region, which may be difficult to distinguish from dental-related diseases on the basis of symptoms alone. Read More

Endocr J 2022 Mar 10. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.

Subacute thyroiditis is a transient inflammatory thyroid disease characterized by neck pain, fever, and typical symptoms associated with thyrotoxicosis. The incidence of subacute thyroiditis is higher in female than in male, and susceptibility is prominent in the 30-50-year age range. The variety of case reports on subacute thyroiditis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears to be increasing, and subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19 vaccination has recently been reported. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022 03;66(1):118-128

Division of Endocrinology, 2nd Department of Medicine, Health Center, Hungarian Defense Forces, Budapest, Hungary.

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022 Mar 9. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

J Int Med Res 2022 Feb;50(2):3000605221082898

Associate Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

In this review, I aim to provide a complete overview of recent advances in knowledge regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced thyroid dysfunction. I discuss the findings regarding the role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of thyroid dysfunction, including subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, non-thyroidal illness, thyrotoxicosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis during and subsequent to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The thyroid gland and the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis may represent key targets of SARS-CoV-2. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Feb 11;10(2). Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St., 93-338 Lodz, Poland.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) can be triggered by several viral factors in genetically predisposed individuals. In the case of COVID-19, SAT can be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of this study was to present two cases of SAT triggered by mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention paid to the possible significance of HLA-related SAT susceptibility. Read More

Infect Dis Rep 2022 Feb 21;14(1):142-154. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Clinical and Research Department on Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, 00147 Rome, Italy.

De Quervain's thyroiditis, sometimes referred to as subacute thyroiditis (SAT), is the most common granulomatous disease of the thyroid, typically found after a viral infection in middle-aged women. The mRNA encoding for the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor is expressed in follicular thyroid cells, making them a potential target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides infection, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have also been implicated in SAT pathogenesis. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2022 Feb 19. Epub 2022 Feb 19.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.

Purpose: With coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), subacute thyroiditis (SAT) cases are on the rise all over the world. COVID-19 vaccine-associated SAT cases have also been reported. In this article, we present our data on 11 vaccine-associated SAT cases. Read More