Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020 04 10;73:85-93. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr. Room A343. MC-5235, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. Electronic address:
Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous disorder with both motor and non-motor symptoms that contribute to functional impairment. To develop effective, disease modifying treatments for these symptoms, biomarkers are necessary to detect neuropathological changes early in the disease course and monitor changes over time. Advances in MRI scan sequences and analytical techniques present numerous promising metrics to detect changes within the nigrostriatal system, implicated in the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease, and detect broader dysfunction involved in the non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive impairment. Read More