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Materials (Basel) 2019 Apr 18;12(8). Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Institute for Urban and Pavement Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, Georg-Schumann-Street 7, D01187 Dresden, Germany.

To give engineers involved in planning and designing of asphalt pavements a more accurate prediction of crack initiation and propagation, theory-based models need to be developed to connect the loading conditions and fracture mechanisms present in laboratory tests and under traffic loading. The aim of this study is to develop a technical basis for the simulation of fracture behavior of asphalt pavements. The cohesive zone model (CZM) approach was applied in the commercial FE software ABAQUS to analyze crack propagation in asphalt layers. Read More

Case Rep Orthop 2019 13;2019:2483142. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baba Memorial Hospital, 4-244 Nishiku Hamadera Funao-cho Higashi, Sakai, Osaka 592-8555, Japan.

Hamate hook fractures are usually caused by direct trauma while using a tennis racket or a baseball bat. We report stress fracture of the hamate hook in a water polo player without any specific trauma. We consider that the stress fracture occurred via indirect mechanisms through the flexor tendons. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2019 Mar 1;11(3):e225-e230. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Prosthodontics, Aristotle University Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Thessaloniki, Greece and Adjunct Associate Professor, Division of Postgraduate Prosthodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention and resistance form of complete coverage restorations supported by two different cast post and core designs.

Material And Methods: Forty extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into four groups of 10 specimens each (namely A, B, C and D). All specimens were endodontically treated and a uniform post space of 9mm was created. Read More

Malays Orthop J 2019 Mar;13(1):42-44

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

We present a unique case of tibial post fracture of a posterior-stabilised total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA) using highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) in the unafflicted limb of a patient who had poliomyelitis. The tibial post is an upright structure perpendicular to the PE insert articular surface which articulates with the cam of the femoral component to prevent excessive posterior translation of the tibia. We explore the choice of PS polyethylene (PE) inserts in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2019 Apr 17;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

The crack initiation point can be regarded as a sign of composite failure and plays a vital role in the evaluation of fracture toughness. Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are viscoelastic materials and the evaluation of fracture mechanism and toughness has a great significance in their applications. Therefore, we used the acoustic emission (AE) technique to measure the crack initiation point of the WPCs and evaluate their fracture toughness. Read More

Bone 2019 Apr 15;124:22-32. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. Electronic address:

Debilitating stress fractures are surprisingly common in physically active individuals, including athletes, military recruits, and dancers. These individuals are overrepresented in the 30 million daily users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We hypothesized that regular use of NSAIDs would predispose habitually loaded bones to stress fracture and delay the repair of these injuries. Read More

BMC Geriatr 2019 Apr 17;19(1):112. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, St. Josefs Hospital Wiesbaden, Beethovenstr. 20, 65189, Wiesbaden, Germany.

Background: Due to its bone preserving philosophy, short-stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) has primarily been recommended for young and active patients. However, there may be benefits for elderly patients given a less invasive operative technique due to the short curved implant design. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes as well as perioperative complications of a calcar-guided short stem between a young (< 60 years) and a geriatric (> 75 years) population. Read More

Sports (Basel) 2019 Apr 15;7(4). Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Sports Medicine at the University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.

Triathlon is a popular sport for both recreational and competitive athletes. This study investigated the rates and patterns of stress fractures in the German national triathlon squad. We developed a web-based retrospective questionnaire containing questions about the frequency of stress fractures, anatomic localisation and associated risk factors. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2019 Apr 15;19(8). Epub 2019 Apr 15.

College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.

A composite concrete column with encased fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete cores (EFCCC) is proposed in this paper. The cross-sectional form of the EFCCC column is composed of several orderly arranged FRP confined concrete cores (FCCCs) surrounding a filled core concrete. This novel composite column has several advantages, such as higher compressive capacity, stronger FRP confinement, and ductile response. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2019 Apr 3;12(7). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Strength of Materials and Structures, Technical University of Lodz, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.

(1) Background: The main disadvantage of rigid fracture fixation is remain material after healing period. Implementation of resorbable plates prevents issues resulting from left plates. The aim of this study is to compare the usage of bioresorbable and titanium "A" shape condyle plate in condylar fractures. Read More

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019 Apr 7;95:96-102. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Artificial composites inspired from biological materials such as nacre and bone has a staggered structure of hard inclusions surrounded by a soft interface. These composites possess an excellent combination of strength, toughness and stiffness. These properties depends on a critical value of overlap ratio of inclusions, and hence is one of major parameters in the design of bio-inspired composites. Read More

Clin J Sport Med 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts.

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of injuries sustained by young figure skaters who were evaluated at regional pediatric sports medicine clinics.

Design: Retrospective chart review (2003-2017).

Setting: Sports medicine clinics at a tertiary-level pediatric medical center. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Resident, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China.

Statement Of Problem: Selective laser melting (SLM) Ti-6Al-4V has been used for removable partial dentures, but the impact of SLM Ti-6Al-4V build orientation is not evident.

Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the microstructure and properties of SLM Ti-6Al-4V clasps with different build orientations compared with cast Ti-6Al-4V clasps.

Material And Methods: Forty-eight clasps were made from Ti-6Al-4V alloys-by SLM with 3 different build orientations (SLM0, SLM45, and SLM90) and cast (CAST) as a control. Read More

Soft Matter 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.

Anisotropy of strain-induced internal damage in tough double network (DN) hydrogels is characterized by a sequence of two tensile experiments. Firstly, the virgin DN gels are subjected to a single biaxial loading-unloading cycle using various combinations of the two maximum strains λx,m and λy,m in the x- and y-directions (λx,m ≥ λy,m). Secondly, the rectangular subsamples, which are cut out from the unloaded specimens so that the long axis can have an angle (θ) relative to the larger pre-strain (x-)axis, are stretched uniaxially along the long axis. Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Service de chirurgie orthopédique infantile, centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France.

Background: Intra-medullary osteosclerosis of the tibia is a rare condition characterised by chronic pain due to diaphyseal hyperostosis with no detectable triggering factor. The main differential diagnoses are stress fracture and osteoid osteoma. Of the few cases reported to date, most were in adults. Read More

J Endovasc Ther 2019 Apr 11:1526602819842569. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

2 Department of Vascular Surgery, St Franziskus Hospital Münster, Germany.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and integrity of a new stent-graft as a potential bridging device in fenestrated stent-grafts using an in vitro fenestrated model.

Materials And Methods: Polyester test sheets with ten 6-mm- or 8-mm-diameter fenestrations were used to simulate a fenestrated main body endoprosthesis. In total, 50 Viabahn balloon-expandable (VBX) stent-grafts of varying lengths (29 and 39 mm) and diameters (6, 7, and 8 mm) were implanted in the fitting fenestrations. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 26;10:184. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

The Wnt-β-catenin pathway receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), is a known regulator of bone mineral density. It has been hypothesized that specific human polymorphisms in impact bone density, in part, by altering the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading. Although experiments in animal models support this hypothesis, there is limited evidence that polymorphisms can alter the anabolic response of bone to mechanical loading in humans. Read More

Vet J 2019 May 5;247:44-49. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Equine Centre, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.

Long bone fractures in racehorses may present as stress fractures which have a good prognosis, or complete fractures, which often result in a fatal outcome. In order to identify differences in modifiable management practices that may contribute to these outcomes, racing histories of horses with humeral or tibial fractures and of matched controls were examined. A retrospective case-control study of Australian Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with a fracture of the humerus or tibia by scintigraphy or at post-mortem between 2002 and 2016 was undertaken. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2019 Apr 9;12(7). Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Institute of Structural Analysis (ISD), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9a, 30167 Hannover, Germany.

Microcrack formation and delamination growth are the main damage mechanisms in thefatigue of composites. They lead to significant stiffness loss, introduce stress concentrations andcan be the origin of subsequent damage events like buckling or fibre breakage, especially in case ofshear and compression stresses during load reversal. Fatigue experiments of carbon fibre reinforcedlaminates were conducted at several stress ratios and analysed in terms of crack and delaminationgrowth. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Apr 2;112:108658. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To compare the bifomechanical advantages and disadvantages of different internal fixation methods for the treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

Methods: 4 internal fixations were developed to treat Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture finite element models: a: the "F" shaped cannulated screw model, b: the traditional cannulated screw model, c: the "F" shaped cannulated screw coupled with medial plate model, d: the traditional cannulated screw coupled with medial plate. Under the same conditions, the 4 internal fixations and femur of von Mises stress and displacement distribution were studied. Read More

Braz Dent J 2019 Mar-Apr;30(2):157-163. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the failure probability of two types of abutment screws after compressive load and to analyze the stress distribution with finite element method. Sixty (60) single-tooth implant restorations were assembled on titanium implants (e-fix, A.S. Read More

Nanoscale 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben and Erich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

Nature uses self-assembly of a fairly limited selection of components to build hard and tough protective tissues like nacre and enamel. The resulting hierarchical micro/nanostructures provide decisive toughening mechanisms while preserving strength. However, to mimic microstructural and mechanical characteristics of natural materials in application-relevant synthetic nanostructures has proven to be difficult. Read More

J R Soc Interface 2019 Apr;16(153):20180838

6 NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Washington University , St Louis, MO 63130 , USA.

Surgical reattachment of tendon to bone is a procedure marked by high failure rates. For example, nearly all rotator cuff repairs performed on elderly patients with massive tears ultimately result in recurrence of tearing. These high failure rates have been attributed to stress concentrations that arise due to the mechanical mismatch between tendon and bone. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2018 May 20;10(5). Epub 2018 May 20.

College of Textiles, Donghua University, NO. 2999, Northern RenminRd, Songjiang District, Shanghai 201620, China.

The effects of hybridization on the flexural properties of interlayer and intralayer Carbon/Glass (C/G) composites were explored in this work. First, the theoretical analysis of stress distribution on interlayer hybrid composites was discussed. The experimental results showed that the layer structure is the critical factor affecting the flexural properties for interlayer hybrid composites, and the mixed ratio has no obvious impact. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2018 Apr 28;10(5). Epub 2018 Apr 28.

Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.

Conventional shape memory polymers (SMPs) can memorize their permanent shapes. However, these SMPs cannot reconfigure their original shape to obtain a desirable geometry owing to permanent chemically or physically crosslinked networks. To overcome this limitation, novel SMPs that can be reconfigured via bond exchange reactions (BERs) have been developed. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2018 Mar 23;10(4). Epub 2018 Mar 23.

International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structure, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Nondestructive Testing and Structural Integrity Evaluation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

Due to its excellent temperature sensitivity, the Poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPA) hydrogel has attracted great interest for a wide variety of applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. NIPA hydrogel undergoes an abrupt volume phase transition at a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 30⁻35 °C. However, the mechanical behaviors of NIPA hydrogel induced by phase transition are still not well understood. Read More

Nanoscale 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels are amongst the most studied synthetic hydrogels. However, reports on PEG-based hydrogels with high mechanical strength are limited. Herein, a class of novel, well-defined PEG-based nanocomposite hydrogels with tunable mechanical strength are synthesised via ring-opening reactions of diglycidyl ethers with carboxylate ions. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2019 Jan;109(1):13-21

Background: We sought to investigate the different configurations of Kirschner wires used in distal femur Salter-Harris (SH) type 2 epiphyseal fracture for stabilization after reduction under axial, rotational, and bending forces and to define the biomechanical effects on the epiphyseal plate and the fracture line and decide which was more advantageous.

Methods: The SH type 2 fracture was modeled using design software for four different configurations: cross, cross-parallel, parallel medial, and parallel lateral with two Kirschner wires, and computer-aided numerical analyses of the different configurations after reduction were performed using the finite element method. For each configuration, the mesh process, loading condition (axial, bending, and rotational), boundary conditions, and material models were applied in finite element software, and growth cartilage and von Mises stress values occurring around the Kirschner wire groove were calculated. Read More

Heart Vessels 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Yokohama-City Eastern Hospital, 3-6-1 Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-8765, Japan.

We aimed to compare the angiographic outcomes between repeat drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation and drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment for restenotic lesion caused by stent fracture (SF). The treatment of restenotic lesion caused by SF after DES implantation has not been well evaluated. From April 2007 to April 2015, 9320 lesions were implanted with a DES during percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital; of those, 815 lesions (8. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019 Apr 9;20(1):150. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Radiology, Hospital do Coração (HCor) and Teleimagem, Rua Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 53, 7th floor, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04004-030, Brazil.

Background: Humeral stress fractures are rare injuries usually related to sports practice and joint overload without a direct trauma. A proximal humeral stress fracture has never been reported in a CrossFit athlete.

Case Presentation: We report a stress fracture in the humerus of a 22-year-old woman after intense CrossFit training. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2018 Nov 28;10(12). Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Unievrsité de Grenoble, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Polymer-based composites are becoming widely used for structural applications, in particular in the aeronautic industry. The present investigation focuses on the mechanical integrity of an epoxy resin of which possible damage results in limitation or early stages of dramatic failure. Therefore, a coupled experimental and numerical investigation of failure in an epoxy resin thermoset is carried out that opens the route to an overall micromechanical analysis of thermoset-based composites. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2018 Aug 10;10(8). Epub 2018 Aug 10.

School of Reliability and Systems engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

Degradation tests of hydrogenated nitrile rubber seals, often used as sealing components in hydraulic systems, were conducted under the free and compression state in air and hydraulic oil at three elevated temperatures for several days to investigate the synergistic effects among three factors. The crosslinking and chain scission reactions both occurred simultaneously at higher temperature during the degradation process, and crosslinking predominated for most cases. Additionally, the synergistic effect between compression stress and hydraulic oil further slowed the degradation rate by limiting oxygen access. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2019 Jan 13;11(1). Epub 2019 Jan 13.

School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

With the prestressed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthening technique widely used in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, it is more and more important to study the fatigue performance of RC structures. Since the fracture of a tensile steel bar at the main cracked section is the leading reason for the failure of RC beams reinforced by prestressed CFRP, a fatigue life prediction model of RC beams reinforced by prestressed CFRP was developed based on an accumulative damage model. Moreover, gradual degradation of the performance of the concrete was considered in the fatigue life prediction model. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2019 Apr 6;12(7). Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Faculty of Medicine, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania.

A case study of a failed humeral shaft locking compression plate is presented, starting with a clinical case where failure occurred and an implant replacement was required. This study uses finite element method (FEM) in order to determine the failure modes for the clinical case. Four loading scenarios that simulate daily life activities were considered for determining the stress distribution in a humeral shaft locking compression plate (LCP). Read More

J R Soc Interface 2019 Feb;16(151):20180737

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel.

Autotomy is a self-defence strategy of sacrificing a body part for survival. This phenomenon is widespread in the animal kingdom (e.g. Read More

Quintessence Int 2019 ;50(5):350-356

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of the configuration of endodontic cavities with parallel or divergent walls, versus traditional endodontic cavities, on stress distribution, fracture resistance, and fracture mode of maxillary premolars by using both fracture-strength and finite element tests.

Method And Materials: Thirty-two maxillary first premolars were divided into four groups (n = 8), according to the type of endodontic cavities: without endodontic cavities (control); conservative; conservative with diverging walls; and traditional. After performing root canal treatment and restoration, fracture resistance was evaluated by oblique compressive load. Read More

Macromolecules 2018 Nov 31;51(21):8887-8898. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

Hydrogels formed by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) of oppositely charged biopolymers, free of any chemical additives, are promising biomaterials. In this work, the mechanical behavior of hydrogels consisting of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged sodium hyaluronate (HA) at balanced charge composition is investigated. These hydrogels exhibit strong tensile strain and strain rate dependence. Read More

Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019 Apr;54(4):240-245

Department of Endodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, China.

To analyze effect of fractured file removal from the middle third root canal on root fracture resistance using finite element analysis, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical prognosis evaluation. Two finite-element models were established, the fractured file removal model (fractured file located in the middle third of root canals, followed by ultrasonic file removal and root canal preparation) and the control model (root canal preparation only), and compressive displacement dependencies on compressive force was computed and compared with experimental data for validation. The validated finite-element models were used to analyze the stress distribution differences during the initiation, propagation and completion of the crack between fractured file removal specimen and control one. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;

Chronic psychosocial stress/trauma represents an increasing burden in our modern society and a risk factor for the development of mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD, in turn, is highly comorbid with a plethora of inflammatory disorders and has been associated with increased bone fracture risk. Since a balanced inflammatory response after fracture is crucial for successful bone healing, we hypothesize that stress/trauma alters the inflammatory response after fracture and, consequently, compromises fracture healing. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Excel-Lens Inc, Livermore, California, USA.

Purpose: To compare the anterior capsulotomy edge tear strength created by manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy (FLACS), and selective laser capsulotomy (SLC).

Setting: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore and Excel-Lens, Livermore, California, USA.

Design: Three armed study in paired human eyes. Read More

J Prosthet Dent 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Professor, Department of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Statement Of Problem: A unidiameter abutment attached to a large-diameter implant has been reported to result in an unexpectedly high failure rate, inconsistent with the general understanding of dental implant mechanics.

Purpose: The purpose of this finite element analysis study was to investigate the mechanical mechanism underlying these unexpected failures with the hypothesis that the cold welding or interference fit interface between abutment and implant increases the failure probability of a large-diameter implant system with a unidiameter abutment.

Material And Methods: A conical implant system with different abutment gingival heights and implant diameters was analyzed for 3 contact conditions of the abutment-implant interface (bond and frictional coefficients of 0. Read More

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019 Jul 18;100:781-788. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

National Taipei University of Technology, Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.

Cellular structures often show fluctuating stresses in compression stress-strain curves. Such fluctuating stresses correspond to strut fractures. In this study, the cellular Ti-6Al-4V alloy with cuboctahedron structure was prepared by selective laser melting. Read More

Lupus 2019 Apr 4:961203319841434. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

1 Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and recurrent bilateral stress fractures of the calcaneus due to long-term methotrexate (MTX) use. A detailed skeletal assessment pointed to osteoporomalacia with pronounced trabecular thinning and increased bone resorption. After years of unsuccessful treatment with bisphosphonates, a combined bone-specific denosumab-teriparatide treatment was initiated, and additional belimumab treatment was started to avoid intermittent steroid usage. Read More

PLoS One 2019 4;14(4):e0214276. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Fractures in horses-whether simple fractures with just one clean break, or incomplete greenstick with stress fractures, or complications such as shattered bones can all be either minimal or even catastrophic. Thus, improvement in fracture healing is a hallmark in equine orthopedics. The fracture healing process implements a complex sequence of events including the initial inflammatory phase removing damaged tissue, re-establishment of vessels and mesenchymal stromal cells, a soft and hard callus phase closing the fracture gap as well as the remodeling phase shaping the bone to a scar-free tissue. Read More

J Equine Sci 2019 Mar 3;30(1):13-16. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Racehorse Hospital, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Ibaraki 300-0493, Japan.

Arthritis is thought to cause oxidative stress in synovial fluid in humans, but there have been few reports in horses. To evaluate oxidative stress in synovial fluid in horses, this study used 19 horses with unilateral fracture of the carpal joint bone. Synovial fluid was collected from the carpal joint on the fracture (arthritis group) and contralateral (control group) sides. Read More

Biomed Eng Online 2019 Apr 2;18(1):40. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.

Background: Aged people all over the world are prone to fall down accidentally and be injured with fracture, such as the rib fracture. To protect the elderly, the safety vest has been developed to protect them from being injured when falling down. To effectively protect the elderly, more analysis on the protective capacity of a safety vest under different situation are needed. Read More

J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019 May-Aug;27(2):2309499019838668

1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

Purpose:: Metaphyseal, proximally anchored uncemented stems for total hip arthroplasty provide bone preservation and decrease the incidence of proximal stress shielding and thigh pain. Our study investigated the clinical and radiological outcome of the DePuy Proxima™ short stem at a minimum of 7 years.

Methods:: Eighty-one consecutive patients (86 procedures) under the age of 70 undergoing primary total hip replacement at two arthroplasty centres were enrolled. Read More

Case Rep Orthop 2019 27;2019:4570578. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

HOD Orthopaedics Northdale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

Neck of femur fractures are a ubiquitous injury seen by orthopaedic surgeons. In the elderly, these fractures usually occur after a low energy fall, and are invariably unilateral injuries. Bilateral neck of femur fractures have been reported in patients with metabolic bone disease, after electroconvulsive therapy, and in association with stress fractures. Read More

J Hosp Med 2019 Apr;14(4):224-228

Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Hip fracture is a common reason for urgent inpatient surgery. In the past few years, several professional societies have identified preoperative echocardiography and stress testing for noncardiac surgeries as low-value diagnostics. We utilized data on hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of hip fracture surgery between 2011 and 2015 from the State Inpatient Databases (SID) of Maryland, New Jersey, and Washington, combined with data on hospital characteristics from the American Hospital Association (AHA). Read More

Nat Commun 2019 04 1;10(1):1469. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Silk Materials Research Unit, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.

Global ecological damage has heightened the demand for silk as 'a structural material made from sustainable resources'. Scientists have earnestly searched for stronger and tougher silks. Bagworm silk might be a promising candidate considering its superior capacity to dangle a heavy weight, summed up by the weights of the larva and its house. Read More