Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019 Feb 4;93:31-35. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Vascular Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.

Intra-arterial stenosis due to atherosclerosis is often treated with endovascular balloon dilatation with a metal stent. Restenosis is common and is frequently treated with a new stent placed inside the existing one or the stents are placed with overlap to cover a larger area of the vessels. Observations of stent fractures, stent compression, accumulation of immunocompetent cells around stents have suggested the possibility of immunologic reactions to substances released from stents. Read More

Stress Health 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Physical injuries are common occurrences that can have substantial implications for personal, emotional and social functioning. A recent study reported higher prevalence of common illnesses and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQL) in injury victims. Based on these findings, the present study examined the role of the antibody immunoglobulin (Ig)A and the stress hormone cortisol in the association between injury and health. Read More

J Orthop Surg Res 2019 Feb 15;14(1):52. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188, Shi Zi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.

Background: Tibial shaft fractures account for approximately 15% of long bone fractures. Locked plates with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis techniques are used widely by surgeons. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of factors meaning the plate length, fibula integrity, and placement of the plate on the stability of tibial shaft fracture fixation. Read More

J Foot Ankle Surg 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Despite a high incidence of proximal diaphyseal stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal (zone 3) in soccer (football) players, studies that examine risk factors of the fractures in professional soccer players are scarce; in particular, ankle structures have not yet been investigated. This study was designed to investigate ankle structures of professional soccer players with proximal diaphyseal stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal. We reviewed the ankle radiographs of 100 professional soccer players (stress fractures n = 15; controls n = 85) and measured the medial malleolar slip angle (MMSA), the ratio of the medial malleolar length to the width of the talar dome (MML:TD ratio), the ratio of the lateral malleolar length to the width of the TD (LML:TD ratio), and the ratio of the MML to the LML (MML:LML ratio). Read More

J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019 Jul;19(7):4326-4329

School of Mechanical System and Automotive Engineering, Chosun University, 303, Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Korea.

In this study, effects of variations in the fiber orientation for GFRP tension test on strength and temperature distributions were experimentally investigated. The temperature measurement method for test specimen was proposed in an IR thermography. Lock-in method, which is one of technique in IR thermography to measure the temperature of specimen as a function of time, was utilized to monitor changes in the temperature distribution during crack propagation process. Read More

J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2019 Jul;19(7):3935-3942

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.

This study is related to cold spray 3D printing (kinetic metallization) capable of manufacturing near-net shape material. Anisotropy on the compressive deformation behavior of pure copper materials manufactured using cold spray process was investigated. In addition, the deformed microstructures that change according to strain were analyzed with different direction (spraying direction, perpendicular direction). Read More

J Dent Res 2019 Feb 14:22034518819477. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.

Novel silica-based infiltrations on the surface of zirconia have the potential to improve their bondability, allowing for the etching/silane adhesive bonding technique. Nonetheless, adhesively bonded joints are subject to mixed tensile and shear stresses when the restoration is in occlusal service. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 2 novel silica-based infiltrations on the interfacial toughness of adhesively bonded zirconia using the Brazil nut method, which allows for controlled types of stresses to be applied at the interfaces. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):442-448. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Background/aim: The aim of this study is to compare the stability and implant stresses of suprapectineal plate with infrapectineal plate in three subconfigurations of the screw types.

Materials And Methods: The stabilities of different fixation methods were compared by finite element analysis on six models. Three infrapectineal and three suprapectineal models each with locked, unlocked, or combined screws were employed. Read More

Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019 Jan 23;475(2221):20180658. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Hydraulic fracturing is the primary method of stimulation in unconventional reservoirs, playing a significant role in oil and gas production enhancement. A key issue for the analysis of hydraulic fracture initiation is to accurately determine the stress distributions in the vicinity of the borehole caused by the injection of pressurized fluids. This paper develops an exact, three-dimensional, poroelastic coupled analytical solution for such stress analysis of an arbitrarily inclined borehole subjected concurrently to a finite-length fluid discharge and stresses, using Fourier expansion theorem and the Laplace-Fourier integral transform technique. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 Feb 13;10(1):730. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, 60637, IL, USA.

Global sea-level rise is caused, in part, by more rapid ice discharge from Antarctica, following the removal of the restraining forces of floating ice-shelves after their break-up. A trigger of ice-shelf break-up is thought to be stress variations associated with surface meltwater ponding and drainage, causing flexure and fracture. But until now, there have been no direct measurements of these processes. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2019 Feb 12;19(3). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

Conventional sensor structure design and related fracture mechanics analysis are based on the single -integral parameter approach of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). Under low crack constraint cases, the EPFM one-parameter approach generally gives a stress overestimate, which results in a great cost waste of labor and sensor components. The two-parameter approach overcomes this limitation. Read More

Hip Int 2018 Nov;28(2_suppl):28-34

1 Joint Replacement Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy.

Introduction:: This prospective study aims to evaluate the mid-term clinical and radiological performance of a new short, neck-preserving femoral stem in total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Patients And Methods:: 178 consecutive patients (190 hips) underwent THA from November 2008 to July 2016. Mean follow-up is 62. Read More

Dent Mater 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Technology and Materials for Oral Reconstruction, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To identify the conditions under which fabrication pore defects within veneering porcelain in bilayered lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDG) crowns will influence and jeopardize the mechanical integrity of the structure.

Methods: Thirty standardized molar crowns (IPS e.max Press) were fabricated and microCT scanned to 3D-analyze the size, morphology and distribution of pores in veneering porcelain, followed by in vitro fracture test and SEM fractographic observation. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2019 Feb 10;19(3). Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.

To implement a sensor structure analysis and design (as well as other engineering applications), a two-parameter approach using elastic⁻plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM) could be applied to analyze a structure more accurately than a one-parameter approach, especially for structures with low crack constraint. The application of the two-parameter approach on sensors and other structures depends on the obtainment of a constraint parameter . To conveniently and effectively obtain the parameter values, the authors have developed a -stress-based estimate method under a small-scale yielding (SSY) condition. Read More

Dent J (Basel) 2019 Feb 9;7(1). Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Division of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet POB 4064, SE-141 04 Huddinge, Sweden.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary developmental disorder affecting the enamel of teeth. Affected patients present with tooth hypersensitivity, rapid tooth wear, or fractures of enamel as well as alterations in color and shape, all of which compromise esthetic appearance and masticatory function. Chronic conditions in childhood severely impact the whole family, affecting normal family routines and/or increasing the family's financial burden. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2019 Feb 9;12(3). Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland.

This paper presents the problem of the description of fatigue cracking development in metallic constructional materials. Fatigue crack growth models (mostly empirical) are usually constructed using a stress intensity factor Δ in linear-elastic fracture mechanics. Contrary to the kinetic fatigue fracture diagrams (KFFDs) based on stress intensity factor , new energy KFFDs show no sensitivity to mean stress effect expressed by the stress ratio . Read More

Regen Eng Transl Med 2018 Dec 25;4(4):216-237. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

University of Connecticut.

A wide range of techniques and methods are actively invented by clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the field of musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Biological, chemical, and physiological factors, which play key roles in musculoskeletal tissue development, have been extensively explored. However, physical stimulation is increasingly showing extreme importance in the processes of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, proliferation and maturation through defined dose parameters including mode, frequency, magnitude, and duration of stimuli. Read More

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Sports & Orthopaedic Specialists, part of Allina Health, 8100 W 78th Street, Suite 225, Edina, MN, 55439, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Injury to the ulnar collateral ligament is the most common, significant injury affecting the medial elbow of the overhead athlete. However, there are many other significant sources of pathology that should be considered. This review seeks to present a broad range of conditions that providers should consider when evaluating the overhead athlete with medial elbow pain. Read More

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019 Jan 30;93:9-22. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy.

This paper proposes a computational model based on a finite-element formulation for describing the mechanical behavior of femurs affected by metastatic lesions. A novel geometric/constitutive description is introduced by modelling healthy bone and metastases via a linearly poroelastic constitutive approach. A Gaussian-shaped graded transition of material properties between healthy and metastatic tissues is prescribed, in order to account for the bone-metastasis interaction. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

The fabrication of shape memory polymers that are mechanically robust, capable of being induced by near-infrared (NIR) light and healing mechanical damage and the fatigued shape memory function remains a challenge. In this study, thermally and NIR-light-induced shape memory polymers with self-healing ability and satisfactory mechanical robustness are fabricated by dispersing poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-grafted graphene oxide (GO) (PAA-GO) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The PVA/PAA-GO3% films with a PAA-GO content of 3. Read More

J Surg Oncol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Background: We reviewed the disease control and complications of the treatment of sacrococcygeal chordoma from four tertiary cancer centers with emphasis on the effects of radiotherapy in surgically treated patients.

Methods: A total of 193 patients with primary sacrococcygeal chordoma from 1990 to 2015 were reviewed. There were 124 males, with a mean age of 59 ± 15 years and a mean follow-up of 7 ± 4 years. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 7;9(1):1593. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Thin Ge films directly grown on Si substrate using two-step low temperature growth technique are subjected to low load nano-indentation at room temperature. The nano-indentation is carried out using a Berkovich diamond tip (R ~ 20 nm). The residual impressions are studied using ex-situ Raman Micro-Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy combined system, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Read More

J Biomater Appl 2019 Feb 7:885328219825568. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

1 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit improved mechanical properties compared to degradable polymers while degrading in vivo circumventing the complications of permanent metals, obviating the need for surgical removal. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of Mg-Y-Zn-Zr-Ca (WZ42) alloy compared to non-degradable Ti6Al4V over a 14-week follow-up implanted as pins to fix a full osteotomy in rat femurs and as wires wrapped around the outside of the femurs as a cerclage. We used a fully load bearing model allowing implants to intentionally experience realistic loads without immobilization. Read More

PM R 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Division, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Departments of Neurology and Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

A sacral pedicle stress fracture is an uncommon source of low back pain in adolescent athletes. Given the extensive differential diagnosis of low back pain coupled with the fact that non- directed specific imaging can be normal, diagnosis can be delayed. We report the case of a 15- year-old African American male, dual-sport athlete who experienced low back pain from a sacral pedicle stress fracture. Read More

J Exp Orthop 2019 Feb 7;6(1). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Background: It is frequently observed that overloading the foot can impair bone and soft tissue healing and can lead to harmful sequelae (i.e. ulcers, stress reactions) in context of pre-existing tissue disabilities. Read More

PM R 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Athletics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Femoral shaft stress reactions are uncommon injuries and there is little research documenting treatment strategies. We describe a female collegiate runner who sustained a femoral shaft stress reaction and successfully returned to elite running in 8 weeks, enabling her to compete in the national championships. Through modification of her activity and alternative treatment modalities, including an antigravity treadmill and pool workouts, she prevented deconditioning and experienced adequate healing resulting in pain-free competition. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2019 3;2019:2196519. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ferule and the post type on the fracture strength and stress distribution in premolars.

Materials And Methods: Forty human mandibular premolars were decoronated, allocated in four groups, and restored as follows: CPC-NF: cast post-and-core and absence of ferule; CPC-F: cast post-and-core and presence of ferule; FPC-NF: glass-fiber posts and absence of ferule; FPC-F: glass-fiber posts and presence of ferule. The fracture strength (FS) and failure patterns were evaluated. Read More

Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019 Feb 4:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

d Lawson Health Research Institute, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , Western University , London , ON , Canada.

Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) is a surgical procedure intended to alter the coronal and sagittal plane alignment of the lower limb to primarily relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee. The purpose of this work was to develop and validate a finite element model to simulate the opening of a high tibial osteotomy and determine whether a pilot hole at the cortical hinge reduces the risk of lateral cortical fracture. Fifteen models were reconstructed from CT images of eight cadaveric specimens. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Jan 31;1:CD012424. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box 179, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2050.

Background: At least one-third of community-dwelling people over 65 years of age fall each year. Exercises that target balance, gait and muscle strength have been found to prevent falls in these people. An up-to-date synthesis of the evidence is important given the major long-term consequences associated with falls and fall-related injuries OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of exercise interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(5):e14311

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan, Korea.

Rationale: Stress fractures are most commonly sustained in the lower extremities owing to the repetitive weight-bearing forces. They are overuse injuries that are seen often in athletes, but rare in the general population, so early diagnosis and proper treatment are important to enable athletes to return to activity. This is a rare example of successful treatment of a medial malleolar stress fracture with lateral ankle instability. Read More

Radiologe 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Kinder- und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Ernst Heydemann-Str. 6, 18057, Rostock, Deutschland.

Clinical/methodical Issue: In this article, suitable imaging of stress reactions and stress fractures in athletes will be examined.

Standard Radiological Methods: Diagnostic procedures include X‑ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scintigraphy.

Methodical Innovations: MRI represents the gold standard for these types of injuries. Read More

Turk J Orthod 2018 Dec 1;31(4):110-116. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to the enamel after at-home and in-office bleaching treatments.

Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were subjected to initial color readings and then classified into three groups: CP (16% carbamide peroxide), HP (35% hydrogen peroxide), and C (control). After treatments, new color readout was obtained, and orthodontic brackets were bonded to the bleached area. Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2019 Jan 18;6(1):35-37. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Neurosurgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

In rare cases, pedicle fracture is associated with spine surgery, spondylolysis, or stress fracture. We report a patient without trauma whose bilateral lumbar pedicle fracture was detected incidentally. A 67-year-old woman reported leg numbness and pain. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 30;9(1):939. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Environmental Studies for Advanced Society, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, 9808579, Japan.

Superhot geothermal environments (above ca. 400 °C) represent a new geothermal energy frontier. However, the networks of permeable fractures capable of storing and transmitting fluids are likely to be absent in the continental granitic crust. Read More

Dev Cell 2019 Jan;48(2):245-260.e7

MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; College of Information and Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, China. Electronic address:

As tissues develop, they are subjected to a variety of mechanical forces. Some of these forces are instrumental in the development of tissues, while others can result in tissue damage. Despite our extensive understanding of force-guided morphogenesis, we have only a limited understanding of how tissues prevent further morphogenesis once the shape is determined after development. Read More

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.

Purpose: As running speed increases there are concomitant changes in loads associated with tibial stress fracture risk. Runners often include multiple speeds in their training, but the effect of speed distribution on load accumulation is unknown. We studied how running at different proportions of speed within a given running distance affects the cumulative loading of the vertical average loading rate, cumulative peak absolute tibial free moment, and cumulative peak axial tibial load. Read More

Eur Radiol Exp 2019 Jan 28;3(1). Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.

Background: Osteoplasty has been discouraged in long bones. However, despite a substantial lack of pre-clinical biomechanical tests, multiple clinical studies have implemented a wide range of techniques to optimise long bone osteoplasty. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biomechanical properties of osteoplasty alone and in combination with Kirschner wires (K-wires) in a cadaveric human diaphyseal model undergoing 3-point bending stress. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2019 Jan 25;12(3). Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.

This paper investigates the effects of the reinforcement ratio, volume fraction of steel fibers, and prestressing on the uniaxial tensile behavior of carbon textile reinforced mortar (CTRM) through uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that the tensile strength of CTRM specimens increases with the reinforcement ratio, however the textile⁻matrix bond strength becomes weaker and debonding can occur. Short steel fibers are able to improve the mechanical properties of the entire CTRM composite and provide additional "shear resistant ability" to enhance the textile⁻ matrix bond strength, resulting in finer cracks with smaller spacing and width. Read More

J Orthop Trauma 2019 Feb;33 Suppl 2:S49-S54

Orthopaedic Trauma Service, Hospital for Special Surgery and New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.

Periprosthetic acetabular fractures sustained following acute trauma after total hip arthroplasty are rare and historically have poor outcomes. This article reviews 5 cases and the treatment algorithm used by a single orthopaedic surgeon specializing in acetabular fracture care with a co-surgeon specializing in arthroplasty. Team-based surgical management with arthroplasty- and fracture-trained surgeon(s) is paramount for optimal outcome. Read More

J Orthop Case Rep 2018 Jul-Aug;8(4):45-48

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine Chattanooga, Erlanger Health System, United States.

Introduction: The overuse and repetitive loading of a bone cause a stress fracture, commonly occurring in the weight-bearing structures of the lower extremities of athletes, but rarely the patella. Patella stress fractures are an extremely rare occurrence. Müller first described a patella stress fracture in 1943; however, we could find <15 reported cases in literature since that time. Read More

Dent Mater 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Prosthodontics, Heidelberg University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

Objective: In the past, discrepancies between laboratory results and clinical behavior have been observed for all-ceramic restorations. This analysis of fracture resistance of zirconia-based inlay-retained fixed partial dentures (IRFPDs) aimed at identifying correlations between an in-vitro test setup and the clinical situation. The effects of tooth material, tooth mobility, restoration design, load direction, and different cements were taken into account. Read More

Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019 Jan 26. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5023, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and several of its ligands have been implicated in the onset and progression of pathologies associated with aging, chronic inflammation, and cellular stress. In particular, the role of RAGE and its ligands in bone tissue during both physiological and pathological conditions has been investigated. However, the extent to which RAGE signaling regulates bone homeostasis and disease onset remains unclear. Read More

Foot Ankle Clin 2019 Mar;24(1):57-67

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8233, 660 Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address:

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the sesamoid is pathology of the medial or lateral hallucal sesamoid resulting in pain under the first metatarsophalangeal joint often presenting in young female athletes. There is overlap of stress fracture, nonunion, and AVN that makes defining the diagnosis difficult but the treatment and outcomes are similar. The most reliable operative treatment used for AVN of the sesamoid is an accumulation of anatomic and mechanical factors with repetitive microtrauma. Read More

Int J Biol Macromol 2019 Jan 22;128:414-420. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, China.

Biorenewable polymers from natural resources have attracted a greater attention of the research for different applications. In this work, renewable lignin nanoparticles (LNP) were employed as cross-linking junctions to prepare high mechanical properties hydrogel, polyacrylamide/lignin nanoparticle (PAM/LNP) nanocomposite hydrogel. The hydrogel exhibits high compressive and tensile strengths as well as excellent recoverability. Read More

J Occup Med Toxicol 2019 21;14. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Research Use and Impact Assessment, Human Sciences Research Council Building, 134 Pretorius Street, Pretoria, 0083 South Africa.

Background: Occupational hazards, injuries and diseases are a major concern among police officers, including in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited locally relevant literature for guiding policy for the South African Police Service (SAPS). The purpose of this review was to describe the occupational hazards, injuries and diseases affecting police officers worldwide, in order to benchmark policy implications for the SAPS. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2019 Jan;34(1):3-21

Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Vertebral augmentation is among the current standards of care to reduce pain in patients with vertebral fractures (VF), yet a lack of consensus regarding efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty raises questions on what basis clinicians should choose one therapy over another. Given the lack of consensus in the field, the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) leadership charged this Task Force to address key questions on the efficacy and safety of vertebral augmentation and other nonpharmacological approaches for the treatment of pain after VF. This report details the findings and recommendations of this Task Force. Read More

Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019 Jan 24:1-26. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

4 Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS Nice, France and International Association of Athletics Federations, Health and Science Department, Monaco.

Injuries are an inevitable consequence of athletic performance with most athletes sustaining one or more during their athletic careers. As many as 1 in 12 athletes incur an injury during International competitions, many of which result in time lost from training and competition. Injuries to skeletal muscle account for over 40% of all injuries with the lower leg being the predominant site of injury. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000 , China.

Polymeric elastomers integrated with high mechanical toughness and excellent self-healing ability can find attractive applications in electronic skin, soft robotics, and electrical devices. However, simultaneously enhancing the mechanical and self-healing properties of elastomers is still a great challenge because it is difficult to balance the effects between strong and weak cross-linking bonds. Here, a novel self-healing elastomer is developed via a one-pot polycondensation reaction between bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and 2,4'-tolylene diisocyanate, followed by being coordinated with Al(III) ions by metal-coordination bonds. Read More