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Contemp Clin Trials 2022 May 23:106784. Epub 2022 May 23.

Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: Women represent an increasing number of individuals with alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUDs), and sex-differences might affect results of interventional clinical trials (CTs). We aim at assessing the proportion of women and the reporting of sex-stratified and female-specific data in CTs for ASUDs.

Methods: We extracted data from ClinicalTrials. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 9;13:876770. Epub 2022 May 9.

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Context: Individuals treated for pediatric craniopharyngioma, a rare, grade 1 brain tumor, frequently develop hypothalamic obesity, a complication often recalcitrant to intervention. Although hypothalamic obesity is known to adversely impact quality of life, less is known about how caregivers and patients experience this condition.

Objective: Our goal was to examine the approaches that families take towards weight management and the impact on social function in individuals with craniopharyngioma and obesity. Read More

Harm Reduct J 2022 May 25;19(1):51. Epub 2022 May 25.

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.

Background: Despite recent rises in fatal overdoses involving multiple substances, there is a paucity of knowledge about stimulant co-use patterns among people who use opioids (PWUO) or people being treated with medications for opioid use disorder (PTMOUD). A better understanding of the timing and patterns in stimulant co-use among PWUO based on mentions of these substances on social media can help inform prevention programs, policy, and future research directions. This study examines stimulant co-mention trends among PWUO/PTMOUD on social media over multiple years. Read More

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022 May 25;17(1):41. Epub 2022 May 25.

Center On Alcohol, Substance Use And Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.

Background: Opioid overdose remains a public health crisis in diverse communities. Between 2019 and 2020, there was an almost 40% increase in drug fatalities primarily due to opioid analogues of both stimulants and opioids. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; e. Read More

J Chromatogr A 2022 May 17;1674:463154. Epub 2022 May 17.

Institute of Biochemistry / Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; European Monitoring Center for Emerging Doping Agents (EuMoCEDA), Cologne/Bonn, Germany.

Analytics employed in modern doping controls are designed to cover an extensive range of rather diverse classes of substances, all of which are banned in sport according to the list of prohibited substances and methods of doping, resulting from their potential to be performance-enhancing and/or harmful to health. Many of these bioactive substances or their metabolites are chiral, which are comprehensively characterized and, if appropriate analytical approaches are applied, can be clearly identified. In sports drug testing, the enantiomeric composition of relevant compounds is not considered in all instances, although differences of isomers concerning their biological activity have been established. Read More

Stud Health Technol Inform 2022 May;294:377-381

European Institute for Innovation through Health Data, Belgium.

In this study representation of chemical substances in IDMP is reviewed, with an exploration of aggregation levels for substance used in the virtual drug data models of RxNorm, SNOMED-CT, ATC/INN, and the Belgian SAM database, for products with a single substance and combinations of substances. Active moiety and available solid states forms are explored for diclofenac, amoxicillin, carbamazepine, amlodipine, with regard to their representation in coding systems such as WHODrug, SMS, UNII, CAS, and SNOMED-CT. By counting the number of medicinal products in Belgium for amlodipine in each level of aggregation, concepts for grouper of substances and two levels of grouper of medicinal products are illustrated. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022 ;122(5):69-77

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

The review analyzes the current possibilities of using hopanthenic acid (Pantocalcin) in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system in children (perinatal CNS lesions, developmental delays, cerebral palsy, ADHD, tics, enuresis, cognitive and neurotic disorders), taking into account modern standards and clinical recommendations. The results of numerous studies demonstrate that Pantocalcin is a highly effective and safe drug in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system in children with complex neurometabolic, neuroprotective, neurotrophic properties. Read More

Appetite 2022 May 21:106092. Epub 2022 May 21.

Centre de Formation Médicale Du Nouveau-Brunswick (Université de Sherbrooke), Moncton, Canada; Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, Canada.

Beverages contribute substantially to daily energy and nutrient intakes. However, little is known about the co-development of beverage consumption throughout adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the presence of naturally occurring sub-groups of girls and boys following distinct trajectories of various types of beverage consumption (i. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2022 14;2022:9902905. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Psychology/Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting 1-2% of world population, and one-third of patients are refractory to pharmacological treatment. This fact has stimulated research for new antiepileptic drugs and natural products have been an important source. -Anethole (TAN) is a phenylpropanoid, component of some essential oils, extracted from plants, and its effects have been little studied. Read More

Trials 2022 May 23;23(1):434. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood and adolescence. A number of these patients do not respond to the current pharmacological treatments and there may also be drug side effects. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of two herbal medicine products, including Rosa canina L. Read More

Nervenarzt 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, 79104, Freiburg, Deutschland.

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a condition which occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, lasts for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Core symptoms of post-COVID syndrome are fatigue, dyspnea and cognitive dysfunction, which have an impact on everyday functional level. Neuropsychiatric late sequelae are common in COVID-19 patients, with incidence rates over 30%. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 23;12(1):8629. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether loneliness and personality traits correlate with the treatment outcome of methamphetamine use disorder. In this 1-year longitudinal study, a total 106 participants (98 males, 8 females), with a mean age 36.3 ± 9. Read More

Drug Alcohol Rev 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Introduction: To describe trends in methamphetamine use, markets and harms in Australia from 2003 to 2019.

Methods: Data comprised patterns of use and price from sentinel samples of people who inject drugs and who use MDMA/other illicit stimulants and population-level amphetamine-related police seizures, arrests, hospitalisations, treatment episodes and deaths from approximately 2003 to 2019. Bayesian autoregressive time-series models were analysed for: no change; constant rate of change; and change over time differing in rate after one to three changepoints. Read More

J Consult Clin Psychol 2022 May;90(5):367-380

Department of Psychology.

Objective: Evaluate whether stimulant medication improves acquisition of academic material in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) receiving small-group, content-area instruction in a classroom setting.

Method: Participants were 173 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years old (77% male, 86% Hispanic) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for ADHD and were participating in a therapeutic summer camp. The design was a triple-masked, within-subject, AB/BA crossover trial. Read More

Front Behav Neurosci 2022 6;16:887622. Epub 2022 May 6.

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States.

Background: Despite widespread use of stimulants to treat ADHD, individual responses vary considerably and few predictors of response have been identified. The identification of reliable and clinically feasible biomarkers would facilitate a precision medicine approach to pharmacological treatment of ADHD. We test the hypothesis that two electroencephalography (EEG) based neural signatures of ADHD, resting aperiodic slope exponent and novelty P3 amplitude, are markers of methylphenidate response in children. Read More

Behav Neurol 2022 11;2022:9015842. Epub 2022 May 11.

Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.

Methods: In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into 8 groups and received the following: normal saline; EA at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; NMDA agonist at a dose of 75 mg/kg; NMDA antagonist (ketamine) at a dose of 0. Read More

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022 4;19(1):126-149. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Energy Balance & Body Composition Laboratory; Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Background: There is substantial consumer and practitioner interest in an emerging supplement class known as multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS), largely due to their prevalence in resistance training communities as well as research findings demonstrating the ergogenic impact of caffeine on muscular performance. However, limited research has examined the potential efficacy of non-caffeinated MIPS, despite their growing popularity among those who are caffeine-sensitive or who train later in the day.

Methods: Twenty-four resistance-trained college-aged males (n = 12) and females (n = 12) completed three visits in which they ingested either a caffeinated MIPS (C), an otherwise identical non-caffeinated MIPS (NC), or placebo in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover fashion. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2022 3;13:874246. Epub 2022 May 3.

Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MaineHealth, Portland, ME, United States.

Objectives: Psychotic-spectrum disorders emerge during adolescence and early adulthood, which corresponds with the peak period for substance use initiation. Clinical and epidemiological data provide support that substance use is associated with psychotic symptom onset and severity. Experience-sampling methodology (ESM) data may provide additional insight into dynamic associations between substance use and psychotic symptoms. Read More

Air Med J 2022 May-Jun;41(3):320-322. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare disorder that leads to a hypermetabolic response; if unrecognized, it can quickly lead to serious morbidity and mortality. It is imperative that critical care transport providers are able to recognize and initiate treatment for MH. A 33-year-old man presented to the emergency department with seizures and altered mental status after ingesting methamphetamine. Read More

Brain Behav 2022 May 5;12(5):e2564. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Objective: Essential tremor (ET) as a neurological disorder is accompanied by cognitive and motor disturbances. Despite the high incidence of ET, the drug treatment of ET remains unsatisfactory. Recently, abscisic acid (ABA) has been reported to have positive neurophysiological effects in mammals. Read More

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2022 May 19;17(1):39. Epub 2022 May 19.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.

Background: Evidence suggests people who inject drugs (PWID) prescribed opioid agonist treatment (OAT) are less likely to provide injection drug use (IDU) initiation assistance. We investigated the association between OAT engagement and providing IDU initiation assistance across poly-drug use practices in Vancouver, Canada.

Methods: Preventing Injecting by Modifying Existing Responses (PRIMER) is a prospective study seeking to identify structural interventions that reduce IDU initiation. Read More

Harm Reduct J 2022 May 19;19(1):46. Epub 2022 May 19.

BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4R4, Canada.

Background: British Columbia (BC) has been in a state of public health emergency since 2016, due to the unprecedented numbers of fatal and non-fatal drug toxicity (i.e. overdose) events. Read More

Front Public Health 2022 2;10:878703. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Introduction: The first line of action against cancer is primary and secondary prevention. Increased efforts are needed in countries where cancer mortality is high and the healthcare system is inefficient. Objectives: Our aim was to present a new solution to identify and fill gaps in health education services in accordance with the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC). Read More

J Hosp Med 2022 May;17(5):389-392

Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Mira Street 28, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid with remarkable biological activities and high economic value. In recent times, natural astaxanthin production by microorganisms has attracted much attention particularly in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and feed industries. Though, currently, productivity is still low and has restricted scale-up application in the commercial market, microbial production of astaxanthin has enormous prospects as it is a greener alternative to the predominating chemical synthesis. Read More

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2022 May 17:1-10. Epub 2022 May 17.

Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Healthcare databases have the potential to become efficient tools for epidemiological research in People Who Inject Drugs (PWID). The validity of ICD-10 codes for specific substances in this population has not been assessed.

Objectives: Validate ICD-10 diagnosis codes relating to the use of specific substance classes in a cohort of endocarditis patients. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2022 May 9. Epub 2022 May 9.

Departamento de Ciencias Médicas. División de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Chetumal, Quintana Roo. México.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed primarily in children, although it is also present in adults. Patients present inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms that create difficulties in their daily lives. Pharmacological treatment with stimulants or non-stimulants is used most commonly to reduce ADHD symptoms. Read More

G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2022 May;23(5):323-327

Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi di Bologna, IRCCS S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna.

Coffee is the most widespread drink in the world, immediately after water. In the United States, coffee consumption amounts to 400 million cups per day and is, globally, the main source of caffeine. In view of such a high worldwide use, it is of great interest for the scientific community to understand whether or not this drink has an impact on health. Read More

Nutr J 2022 May 17;21(1):33. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Background: Caffeine is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs in the world, and provides many health benefits including alertness, improved memory, and reducing inflammation. Despite these benefits, caffeine has been implicated in a number of adverse health outcomes possibly due to effects within the endocrine system, effects that may contribute to impaired reproductive function and low testosterone in men. Previous studies have investigated associations between caffeine consumption and testosterone levels in men, although the quantity and generalizability of these studies is lacking, and the results between studies are conflicting and inconclusive. Read More