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European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2020 Jan 23;8(1):e23-e26. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Urothelial neoplasms of the bladder (UNB) are considerably rare throughout the pediatric population. UNB develops from the urothelial tissue in the form of a benign disease, generally favoring a successful prognosis in the majority of cases. The authors present the diagnosis and treatment regarding two medical case reports in which urothelial papilloma was diagnosed and effectively treated. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020 Jun 18;30:101766. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently attracted attention as a diagnostic method for observing cancer lesions based on fluorescence emission using a fluorescent endoscope. However, there are few reports of false positives associated with benign bladder neoplasms. Here, we provide report of two cases of inverted papillomas of the bladder that were fluorescent on PDD using 5-ALA. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 3;31:101169. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Medical College of Georgia, USA.

There are three major recognized histological types for primary urethral carcinoma (PUC). These include transitional cell carcinoma (55%), squamous cell carcinoma (21.5%), and adenocarcinoma (16. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020 Jan-Mar;63(1):96-97

Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Inverted papilloma of urothelium is a rare benign tumour accounting for 1-2% of all the urothelial lesions. Morphologically, these are of two main subtypes - trabecular and glandular, of which the former subtype is most frequently encountered compared to the latter. The glandular subtype closely mimics cystitis glandularis and urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth pattern. Read More

J Pathol 2020 04 28;250(4):464-465. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Aktuelle Urol 2020 Jan 15. Epub 2020 Jan 15.

MVZ OptiPath, Pathologie, Frankfurt am Main.

Background:  The occurrence of intravesical condylomata acuminata has been described as a fairly uncommon, benign epithelial lesion. Reports on progression into a muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder are rare.

Case:  We present the case of a 68-year-old man who had a history of intravesical condylomata acuminata over several years and developed a muscle-invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2019 Nov;65(11):463-467

The Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine.

A 69-year-old male complained of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary pedunculated tumor. The tumor was approximately 4 cm in length, and mimicked an inverted papilloma with a small stalk and smooth surface, located on the bladder trigone. Read More

Future Oncol 2019 Nov 18;15(33):3797-3807. Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

To evaluate the role of preoperative platelet distribution width (PDW) as a potential biomarker for distinguishing malignancy and tumor advantage of bladder neoplasm. The study included 210 subjects with bladder cancer, 76 subjects with urothelial papilloma and 132 healthy control subjects. Preoperative PDW along with other blood indices was evaluated. Read More

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020 Apr 8;34 Suppl 1:e8578. Epub 2020 Feb 8.

Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Rationale: Accumulating evidence has linked prolonged exposure to heavy metals to cancer occurrence in the urinary system. However, the specific biological mechanisms responsible for the association of heavy metals with the unusually high incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan are complex and incompletely understood.

Methods: To elucidate the specific biological mechanism and identify molecular indicators of the unusually high association of upper tract urothelial carcinoma with heavy metal exposure, protein expression following the treatment of T24 human bladder carcinoma and RT4 human bladder papilloma cell line models with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) was studied. Read More

Hum Pathol 2019 10 24;92:18-24. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. Electronic address:

Urothelial carcinoma with an inverted/endophytic growth pattern can occasionally mimic inverted urothelial papilloma and pose diagnostic challenges when assessing the presence or absence of invasion. Making these distinctions is critical for guiding appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes. Here we conducted one of the largest studies to date of invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma arising in a background of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Nov 19;66(6):2197-2203. Epub 2019 Jul 19.

Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China.

Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV) are small circular DNA viruses which can be widely spread in herd, inducing cattle tumours, therefore, leading economic losses in dairy and beef production industries. BPV-leads symptoms include cutaneous papillomas, fibropapillomas, urinary bladder and oesophageal carcinoma. As one of the most important producers of beef in the world, China has not provided systematic research to prevent the harm of BPV, particularly in papillomavirus molecular characterization which presents among Chinese native cattle which was known to have higher disease resistance. Read More

J Pathol 2019 09 2;249(1):3-5. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

A recent study has identified gene mutations involving the MAPK/ERK pathway, particularly the HRAS gene, in all inverted urothelial papillomas (IUPs), in the absence of pathway mutations in TERT promoter, FGFR3, and TP53/RB1genes. Neither recurrence nor progression was observed in IUPs. These data support several longstanding hypotheses: (1) IUPs are benign and do not recur or progress; (2) they harbor mutations that are different from those of urothelial carcinoma; and (3) they arise through different molecular mechanisms than low- or high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Read More

J Pathol 2019 07 22;248(3):260-265. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) and urothelial papilloma (UP) are rare urothelial neoplasms that typically follow a benign clinical course. Oncogenic mutations in FGFR3, HRAS, and the TERT promoter have been reported in these entities but no comprehensive molecular analysis has been performed. We sought to characterize the genomic landscape of IUP and UP using whole-exome and targeted next-generation sequencing. Read More

Urol J 2019 Aug 18;16(4):352-356. Epub 2019 Aug 18.

Department of urology. Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: There are some previous reports on the relationship between pathological grades and HPV detection. To determine the Human Papilloma Virus(HPV)  DNA in Tumor Tissue and Urine in Different Stage of Bladder Cancer conducted this study.Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect general HPV and HPV16 and 18 subtypes in 110 bladder tumor tissue and urine specimens of patients with TCC of bladder between January 2014 to May 2016 that underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 10 19;8(1):15477. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Copy number alterations and loss of heterozygosity are associated with increasing tumor grade and bladder cancer stage. Our previous study suggested that co-expression of Ki-67 and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) could provide an indicator of an abnormal DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. The present study investigated 53BP1 expression as a novel molecular marker in urothelial carcinoma (UC) using bladder tissues with in total of 40 cases including a normal urothelium, urothelial papilloma, low-grade UC, or high-grade UC. Read More

Turk Patoloji Derg 2019 ;35(1):22-27

Department of Pathology, 1Sultanbeyli State Hospital, ISTANBUL, TURKEY.

Objective: Nested variant is bland-looking but aggressive subtype of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Cases having significant muscle invasion do not cause problems but small and superficial biopsies may be challenging due to morphological similarities between nested variant urothelial carcinoma and benign urothelial lesions.

Material And Method: We studied Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), which is an integral membrane protein providing glucose pass through plasma membrane down its concentration gradient, to see if it is useful for the differential diagnosis. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2018 Jun 15;2018(6):rjy125. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Department of Urological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract is a rare benign lesion. A 59-year-old male who presented with the chief complaint of gross hematuria and acute urinary retention is described. Cystoscopy revealed a solitary, papillary tumor at the bladder neck. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 May 7;12(1):121. Epub 2018 May 7.

AkhmetYassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Clinical Diagnostic Center, Turkestan, Kazakhstan.

Background: Pelvic dystopia of rudimentary multicystic dysplastic kidney as a rare cause of bedwetting in children.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 14-year-old Kazakh girl who presented with difficulty in starting the stream of urine and intermittent interruption of the urinary stream while voiding as well as bedwetting, caused by a rare congenital disease (pelvic dystopia of rudimentary multicystic dysplastic kidney). The diagnostic workup, differential diagnosis, and management, and a review of the literature are presented. Read More

Bull Cancer 2018 Jun 1;105(6):556-561. Epub 2018 May 1.

Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, Pediatric Surgery Department, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy.

Objective: To report a series of 5 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) three of them with a history of exposure to amines and only two with gross hematuria.

Materials And Methods: After obtaining ethical and legal authorization, we performed a restrospective monocentric study. We collected information of patients with UBC over a period of 10 years. Read More

Urology 2018 Jun 12;116:e5-e6. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Inverted papilloma of the prostatic urethra is an especially rare finding. A 75-year-old man with urinary retention wished to proceed with a holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and was found to have a mass arising from his prostate vs bladder on preoperative imaging. Cystourethroscopy revealed the mass arising from the median lobe of the prostate. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2019 Jun 17;40:182-188. Epub 2017 Dec 17.

Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poland.

Tumours of the urinary tract are the fifth most frequent type of cancer. The most common types are urothelial tumours, among which, non-invasive urothelial neoplasms represent 45% of all cases. The 2016 WHO classification of urinary tract tumours introduced new classifications of non-invasive lesions. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2018 Feb 14;53(2):306-309. Epub 2017 Nov 14.

Pediatric Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Purpose: Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, but is exceedingly rare in young patients, leading to a lack of accepted standards for diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. We review our institutional experience with bladder urothelial neoplasms in pediatric and young adult patients summarizing presentation, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: Surgical pathology records at our institution were searched for cases of urothelial neoplasms among patients ≤25 years of age treated between January 1997 and September 2016. Read More

Histopathology 2018 Apr 4;72(5):795-803. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Aims: Mutations in FGFR3 and the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene have been found frequently in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, related data for papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) are limited. In this study, we investigated the mutation status of the TERT promoter, FGFR3 and HRAS in low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms and evaluated their prognostic significance. Read More

Urol J 2017 Nov 4;14(6):5047-5050. Epub 2017 Nov 4.

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Purpose: Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in worldwide. Among several risk factors, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) have been presumed to play a causative role in the etiology of bladder cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of HPV infection in biopsy specimens of patients with transitional cell carcinoma at the west of Iran. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017 10 6;14(10). Epub 2017 Oct 6.

Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada.

Arsenic in drinking water is causally linked with cancer of the skin, lung, and urinary bladder, but there is very little data on a possible role for arsenic in the etiology of cervical cancer, a disease in which human papilloma virus is held to be a necessary but not sufficient cause. All histopathology results from cervical specimens from the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka (1997-2015), and the Anowara Medical Services (2003-2015), both serving the whole of Bangladesh, were classified by cell type. Arsenic concentrations in well water in the thana of residence were estimated from systematic sampling carried out by the British Geological Survey. Read More

Urologiia 2017 Jul(3):60-66

Department of Urology and Surgical Andrology RMACPE, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To determine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) of high oncogenic risk in the development of urinary bladder cancer.

Materials And Methods: 100 patients (72 men and 28 women) aged 38 to 90 years (mean age 65+/-10 years) diagnosed with bladder cancer were examined and underwent treatment. Clinical assessment was complemented by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of antiviral antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), urethra scraping for detecting high oncogenic risk HPV. Read More

Can Urol Assoc J 2017 Jul 11;11(7):E291-E296. Epub 2017 Jul 11.

Department of Urology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: We sought to assess the long-term results of conservative treatment for upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTC) with regard to tumour recurrence and preservation of renal unit.

Methods: From October 1987 to January 2014, 65 patients (median age 68 years) were diagnosed with UUTC and underwent endoscopic and open surgical techniques. Thirteen patients had bilateral disease and one had a single kidney. Read More

Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2017 Oct;29(5):316-321

aDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington bDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Indications for vaginoplasty include congenital conditions such as adrenal hyperplasia, cloacal malformations, and Müllerian agenesis, acquired conditions including stenosis from radiation or surgical resection for malignancy, and gender affirmation. All vaginoplasty techniques carry significant risk of both immediate and long-term complications.

Recent Findings: The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the evaluation and management of the neovagina, addressing management of human papilloma virus infections and complications including stenosis, fistula, prolapse, and neovaginal colitis. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017;26:204. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Service d'Urologie, Centre hospitalier de Soissons, Soissons, France.

BMJ Case Rep 2017 May 13;2017. Epub 2017 May 13.

Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Bladder urothelial papilloma is extremely rare in the paediatric population. It usually presents as painless gross haematuria and its diagnosis implies a high index of suspicion as other causes of haematuria predominate in this age range. We describe a 9-year-old boy with two episodes of gross haematuria occurring 1 year apart with spontaneous resolution after 2 days. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2016 Jul 10;29(3):131-133. Epub 2016 Jul 10.

Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil. Badajoz.

Introduction: Vesical tumors of infancy are of a low incidence and isolated clinical cases exist, and therefore there are no protocols regarding treatment and monitoring. In addition, the histological criteria used until now are the ones in the WHO 2004 guidelines.

Clinical Case: A 11 year old boy with non-specific abdominal pain. Read More

Clin Transl Oncol 2017 Aug 3;19(8):1035-1044. Epub 2017 Mar 3.

Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Peking University, No. 11, Xi Zhi Men Nan Street, Beijing, 100044, China.

Purpose: To detect the expression level and significance of SOX10 in human bladder cancer.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess SOX10 protein level using a bladder cancer tissue microarray (including 59 spots of cancer tissues and 46 spots of paired normal tissues) and 31 specimens and to define the relationship between SOX10 and clinicopathological bladder cancer characteristics in patients. SOX10 protein and mRNA levels in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637, BIU87, EJ) and transitional cell papilloma cell line (RT4) were tested by western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), respectively. Read More

J Appl Toxicol 2017 07 6;37(7):853-862. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.

Horseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates, has been used as a food additive. To evaluate the potential hazards of HRE, a 104-week chronic study, a 2-week analysis of cell proliferation in the urinary bladder and a medium-term promotion bioassay of HRE were conducted with administration at concentrations of up to 0.04% HRE in the drinking water to male F344 rats. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2017 Apr 16;19(2). Epub 2017 Mar 16.

Transplantation Unit, Medical Park Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.

Condyloma acuminata (CA) are warty lesions caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) that generally affect the external genitalia and mucocutaneous junctions. Involvement of the urinary tract is rare, and involvement of the urinary bladder is thought to be due to immunosuppression. A 30-year-old woman was diagnosed with urethral CA 12 months after renal transplantation. Read More

Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017 08 4;15(4):e739-e742. Epub 2017 Jan 4.

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Eur Urol 2017 03 28;71(3):497-498. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain; Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal.

Int J Surg 2016 Dec 5;36(Pt A):249-254. Epub 2016 Nov 5.

Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City, 201508, PR China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To investigate the association between preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels and clinicopathological features in patients with bladder urothelial tumors.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we evaluated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels in 503 patients newly diagnosed with bladder urothelial tumors between January 2009 and October 2014. All patients received surgical intervention as the primary treatment method. Read More

Arab J Urol 2016 Sep 1;14(3):183-91. Epub 2016 Aug 1.

Department of Urology, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.

Objective: To highlight the current understanding of the epidemiology, clinicopathological characteristics, and management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder, as it accounts for 2-5% of bladder tumours, with a focus on non-bilharzial-associated SCC (NB-SCC). The standard treatment for bladder SCC remains radical cystectomy (RC). We present an updated clinical profile of bladder SCC and a review of NB-SCC therapeutic approaches, including RC, neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Read More

Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol 2016 Feb;38(1):52-6

Background: Inverted papilloma (IP) is an unusual benign neoplasm, most commonly found in the bladder. Cases of malignant transformation have been reported in the past, although most of them are now considered to be urothelial carcinomas with an inverted growth pattern.

Case: A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCIS), high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC), and IP by transurethral resection specimen of the bladder. Read More

Bull Exp Biol Med 2016 May 6;161(1):96-8. Epub 2016 Jun 6.

N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.

Medical histories of 101 urothelial bladder cancer patients were compared with the results of morphological analysis and biomolecular detection of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in the tumor specimens. DNA of HPV16 (the major type of virus responsible for appearance of cervical carcinoma) was detected in 38 specimens, while mRNA of E6 and E7 oncogenes and E7 oncoprotein of HPV16 were observed in 13 specimens. HPV-positive bladder cancer was characterized by higher degree of cell anaplasia than HPV-negative cancer; in the primary bladder tumor, HPV was detected more often than in recurrent bladder cancer. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2016 Mar-Apr;42(2):242-6

Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Purpose: Bladder tumors are rare in children and adolescents. For this reason, the diagnosis is sometimes delayed in pediatric patients. We aimed to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up methods of bladder urothelial neoplasms in children and adolescents. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016 ;17(4):1769-72

Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt E-mail :

Background: Urothelial papilloma and non-invasive papillary carcinoma are common neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Distinguishing papillomas and papillary carcinomas, especially the low grade type, is often debatable on the basis of histological features alone.

Materials And Methods: We investigated immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20), p53, and Ki-67 in a group of 20 urothelial papilloma cases and 30 noninvasive papillary neoplasms of low malignant potential (PNLMP) of the urinary bladder. Read More

Chin J Cancer Res 2016 Feb;28(1):107-21

1 Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China ; 2 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Inverted lesions in the urinary bladder have been the source of some difficulty in urological pathology. The two common ones are von Brunn's nests and cystitis cystic/cystitis glandularis, which are considered normal variants of urothelium. Apart from them, a number of other rare urothelial lesions with inverted growth pattern occur in the urinary bladder. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2016 Apr 17;21:7-11. Epub 2015 Dec 17.

Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY; Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Increased telomerase activity is associated with almost all types of advanced human cancers with unknown molecular mechanism(s). Two recurrent point mutations in the promoter region of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)--the key subunit of telomerase--have recently been identified in melanoma as well as a small sample of bladder cancer cell lines. However, the incidence and clinical-pathological significance of these mutations in urothelial carcinoma have not been well established yet. Read More

Urologiia 2015 Sep-Oct(5):55-9

Unlabelled: Tumors of epithelial origin occupy the first place in the structure of oncological diseases. This study was aimed to the evaluation of the possibilities of narrowed spectrum endoscopy and computer chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of epithelial structures of the bladder and upper urinary tract.

Materials And Methods: Additional diagnostic endoscopic examination of the lower urinary tract was performed in 76 patients (132 urethrocystoscopies). Read More

Histopathology 2016 Jul 11;69(1):107-13. Epub 2016 Feb 11.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Aims: To understand more clearly the genetic ontogeny of inverted papilloma of urinary bladder, we analysed telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation status in a group of 26 inverted papillomas in comparison with the mutation status of urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth (26 cases), conventional urothelial carcinoma (36 Ta non-invasive urothelial carcinoma, 35 T2 invasive urothelial carcinoma) and cystitis glandularis (25 cases).

Methods And Results: TERT promoter mutations in inverted papilloma, urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth, urothelial carcinoma and cystitis glandularis were found in 15% (four of 26), 58% (15 of 26), 63% (45 of 71) and 0% (none of 25), respectively. C228T mutations were the predominant mutations (97%) found in bladder tumours, while C250T aberrations occurred in approximately 3% of bladder tumours. Read More

Int J Exp Pathol 2015 Oct 30;96(5):319-25. Epub 2015 Oct 30.

Grupo de Patologia e Terapêutica Experimental, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal.

Cytokeratins (CKs) 14 and 20 are promising markers for diagnosing urothelial lesions and for studying their prognosis and histogenesis. This work aimed to study the immunohistochemical staining patterns of CK14/20 during multistep carcinogenesis leading to papillary bladder cancer in a rat model. Thirty female Fischer 344 rats were divided into three groups: group 1 (control); group 2, which received N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) for 20 weeks plus 1 week without treatment; and group 3, which received BBN for 20 weeks plus 8 weeks without treatment. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2015 Apr-Jun;5(2):41-4. Epub 2015 Jun 30.

Gynecology Department - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil .

Schistosoma hematobium infection is an endemic parasitic disease in Africa, which is frequently associated with urinary schistosomiasis. The parasite infection causes epithelial changes and disruption, facilitating the infection by the human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The authors report the case of a 44-year-old African HIV-positive woman who presented an abnormal routine Pap smear. Read More

Adv Clin Exp Med 2015 May-Jun;24(3):505-9

Department of Palliative Care Nursing, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland; Department of Urology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Wrocław, Poland.

Background: Bladder cancer occurs mainly in adults. In children, younger than 10 years in particular, it is very rare.

Objectives: The aim of the study is to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TUR-BT) of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in children. Read More