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Front Aging Neurosci 2022 29;14:899678. Epub 2022 Apr 29.

Department of Pharmacy, The Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability rates. Despite progressive advances in drugs and surgical techniques, neurological dysfunction in surviving SAH patients have not improved significantly. Traditionally, vasospasm has been considered the main cause of death and disability following SAH, but anti-vasospasm therapy has not benefited clinical prognosis. Read More

Scand Cardiovasc J 2022 12;56(1):91-99

Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore.

. Composite frozen elephant trunk is an increasingly popular solution for complex aortic pathologies. This review aims to compare outcomes of zone 0 type II hybrid (hybrid II) with the composite frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique in managing acute Stanford type A aortic dissections. Read More

J Neurotrauma 2022 May 11. Epub 2022 May 11.

The University of British Columbia International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, 507272, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) after a traumatic injury has been associated with poor neurologic outcomes. While IPH may result from the initial mechanical trauma, the blood and its breakdown products have potentially deleterious effects. Further, the degree of IPH has been correlated with injury severity and the extent of subsequent recovery. Read More

J Radiol Case Rep 2022 Mar 1;16(3):15-22. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Anatomical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia.

Intramedullary cavernous angioma is a rare vascular malformation compared to cerebral cavernous malformation. The incidence of cavernous angioma is about 3 - 5% of all central nervous system lesions, 5 - 12% of all spinal vascular lesions, and 1% of all intramedullary lesions in pediatric patients. Although intramedullary cavernous angioma has the same histological picture as cerebral cavernous angioma, the natural history, and surgical approach are different from cerebral cavernous angioma. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA.

Background: Intervertebral disc-associated epidural hemorrhage (EH) in dogs is a poorly understood neurological condition.

Objective: To compare the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes, and clinical outcome of dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (TL-IVDH) with and without EH.

Animals: One hundred sixty client-owned dogs that underwent MRI and hemilaminectomy for acute TL-IVDH at a private practice in Colorado, including 63 dogs with EH and 97 dogs without EH. Read More

Iran J Child Neurol 2022 14;16(2):149-154. Epub 2022 Mar 14.

Department of Pediatrics , School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and radiological features. Diagnosis of PRES is established based on reversible clinical manifestations and sequential neuroimaging findings. Atypical MRI features include hemorrhage, restricted diffusion or contrast enhancement of lesions, and involvement of the temporal and frontal lobes, brainstem, basal ganglia, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and spine. Read More

Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022 Apr 27;8(1):94. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Strasse 4, CH-6207, Nottwil, Switzerland.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause an autonomic imbalance in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to deficits in colonic motility, mucosal secretions, vascular tone, and an increase of intestinal barrier permeability. Autonomic denervation and factors such as age, physical activity, antibiotic use and stress may cause intestinal bacterial translocation, decreased microbiota diversity, known as gut dysbiosis and thus increase susceptibility to experiencing gastrointestinal discomfort. Probiotic treatment in individuals with SCI may normalize the gut microbiota and improve overall health. Read More

J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022 May 26;65(3):370-379. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the most severe form of physical abuse in children. Such injury involves traumatic damage to the head and/or spine of infants and young children. The term AHT was introduced to include a wider range of injury mechanisms, such as intentional direct blow, throw, and even penetrating trauma by perpetuator(s). Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 Apr 25:e0017722. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Feng tai District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

The primary traumatic event that causes spinal cord injury (SCI) is followed by a progressive secondary injury featured by vascular disruption and ischemia, inflammatory responses and the release of cytotoxic debris, which collectively add to the hostile microenvironment of the lesioned cord and inhibit tissue regeneration and functional recovery. In a previous study, we reported that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) promotes functional recovery in a contusion SCI mouse model; yet whether and how FMT treatment may impact the microenvironment at the injury site are not well known. In the current study, we examined individual niche components and investigated the effects of FMT on microcirculation, inflammation and trophic factor secretion in the spinal cord of SCI mice. Read More

Front Mol Neurosci 2022 7;15:854556. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.

Vessels and nerves are closely associated in anatomy as well as functions. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that axon-guiding signals may affect endothelial cells migration and path finding, which is crucial for the patterning of both the complex vascular network and neural system. However, studies regarding the functional overlap between vascular and neuronal orchestrating are still incomplete. Read More

Neuroradiology 2022 Apr 22. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCM) and intraosseous spinal vascular malformations (ISVM) in a pediatric familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM) cohort and evaluate clinico-radiological differences between children with (SCCM +) and without (SCCM-) SCCM.

Methods: All patients with a pediatric diagnosis of FCCM evaluated at three tertiary pediatric hospitals between January 2010 and August 2021 with [Formula: see text] 1 whole spine MR available were included. Brain and spine MR studies were retrospectively evaluated, and clinical and genetic data collected. Read More

Assist Technol 2022 May 5:1-6. Epub 2022 May 5.

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

The aim of this pilot-study was to investigate the safety, feasibility and tolerability of an assisted mobilization of patients with advanced pulmonary diseases, using a lightweight, exoskeleton-type robot (Myosuit, MyoSwiss AG, Zurich, Switzerland). Ten patients performed activities of daily life (ADL) both with and without the device. The mean age was 53. Read More

Neurohospitalist 2022 Apr 9;12(2):332-336. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

We are writing to present an interesting and novel case from our practice of a patient who presented with altered mental status and a rapidly progressive paraplegia as well as high fevers and pancytopenia. A bone marrow biopsy was diagnostic of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and MRI showed hemorrhagic encephalitis and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. This case demonstrates the diverse neurological symptoms with which HLH presents, including spinal cord pathology. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 Apr 14;23:e936096. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Internal Medicine, Olive View - UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, CA, USA.

BACKGROUND Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, also known as acute adrenal insufficiency due to adrenal gland hemorrhage, is an uncommon and frequently fatal condition classically presenting with fever, shock, rash, and coagulopathy. Although most often associated with Meningococcemia, many other etiologies have been implicated, including reports of Staphylococcus aureus infection on autopsy examinations. This report details an adult intravenous drug user with adrenal hemorrhage associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Read More

Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022 04 11;10(1):51. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.

Recent studies suggest that metabolic changes and oxygen deficiency in the central nervous system play an important role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In our present study, we investigated the changes in oxygenation and analyzed the vascular perfusion of the spinal cord in a rodent model of MS. We performed multispectral optoacoustic tomography of the lumbar spinal cord before and after an oxygen enhancement challenge in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for MS. Read More

Front Mol Neurosci 2022 22;15:816182. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injuries, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), are the most common cause of death and disability around the world. As a kind of non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) with endogenous and conserve, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently attracted great attentions due to their functions in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. A large number of studies have suggested that circRNAs played an important role in brain development and involved in many neurological disorders, particularly in acute CNS injuries. Read More

Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022 Apr 7. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University.

Spinal intramedullary tumors such as ependymoma or vascular lesions such as cavernous malformation are often at risk of intramedullary hemorrhage. Surgical procedures involving the high cervical spinal cord are often challenging. This technical note included four patients who presented with acute, subacute, or gradual onset of spinal cord dysfunction associated with intramedullary hemorrhage at the C1 or C1/2 level of the high cervical spine. Read More

Neuromodulation 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Objectives: Cerebral vasospasm is a severe and potentially lethal complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its pathogenesis is still not completely understood. The efficacy of current treatments, such as triple-H therapy or calcium channel blockers, is unsatisfactory, and a new therapy model would therefore be valuable. Read More

J Neurotrauma 2022 Apr 4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

University of Kentucky, Physiology, 741 S. Limestone Street, B436 BBSRB, Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536-0509;

There are limited studies examining age and sex as biological variables in the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI). The use of older animals and sex-balanced groups in SCI models are increasingly prioritized to better match clinical demographics. Including older animals in SCI studies is technically challenging and outcomes are unpredictable with respect to biological and treatment responses. Read More

Can J Anaesth 2022 Mar 30. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, CEMTL - Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Purpose: Carbetocin, an oxytocin analog, given as a postpartum hemorrhage prophylaxis in elective Cesarean deliveries, frequently causes tachycardia and hypotension. Phenylephrine infusion has been shown to prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. The goal of this study was to evaluate if a slow infusion of carbetocin would reduce maternal heart rate variation and hemodynamic disturbances compared with a rapid bolus in parturients receiving a prophylactic phenylephrine infusion during elective Cesarean delivery. Read More

Fluids Barriers CNS 2022 Mar 26;19(1):27. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential component of the neurovascular unit that controls the exchanges of various biological substances between the blood and the brain. BBB damage is a common feature of different central nervous systems (CNS) disorders and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of the diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are important regulatory RNA molecules that are involved in almost all cellular processes in normal development and various diseases, including CNS diseases. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Mar 25;163. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. Electronic address:

Although rare, intramedullary spinal cavernous malformations have a 1.4%-6.8% annual hemorrhage risk and can cause significant morbidity. Read More

J Tissue Eng 2022 Jan-Dec;13:20417314221086491. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, hemorrhage, and tissue edema, which impair blood circulation and induce ischemia. Angiogenesis after SCI is an important step in the repair of damaged tissues, and the extent of angiogenesis strongly correlates with the neural regeneration. Various biomaterials have been developed to promote angiogenesis signaling pathways, and angiogenic self-assembling peptides are useful for producing diverse supramolecular structures with tunable functionality. Read More

Neurointervention 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

The transradial approach (TRA) is an effective and safe alternative to transfemoral access for diagnostic neuroangiography and craniocervical interventions. While the technical aspects of supraclavicular intervention are well-described, there are little data on the TRA for thoracolumbar angiography and intervention. The authors describe the feasibility of the TRA for preoperative thoracic tumor embolization, emphasizing technique, device selection, navigation, and catheterization of thoracolumbar segmental arteries. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2022 Sep 17;146:60-69. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Queen Mother Hospital, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL97TA, United Kingdom.

Cross-sectional area (CSA) decreases and fat infiltration increases in epaxial muscles of Dachshunds with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), but less is known about large breed dogs with IVDD. The aim here was to investigate thoracolumbar epaxial muscle CSA and fat infiltration in large breed dogs with compressive IVDD and acute non-compressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE) or fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE). This retrospective study included large breed dogs with MRI-confirmed IVDD (n = 17) and ANNPE or FCE (n = 13). Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022 Apr 9;63(4):578-586. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, Department of Vascular Surgery, RWTH Aachen, Germany.

Objective: This study reports on open TAAA repair comparing short and long term patient outcome according to the type of repair defined by the Crawford classification and elective vs. emergency repair. Endpoints were death, acute kidney injury (AKI), sepsis, spinal cord ischaemia (SCI), and re-intervention rate. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2022 04;75(4):1163

Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck Hospital of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif.

Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2022 03 21;8(1):33. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is a devastating complication, though rare but possible following the intramuscular injection of the Penicillin. The spinal cord injury can be permanent, leaving the patient with paralysis, bowel and bladder incontinence, and with other associated morbidities.

Case Presentation: We report a 25-year-old gentleman who developed anterior spinal cord syndrome following the benzathine benzylpenicillin injection. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 4;13:843404. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

The brain and spinal cord are immune-privileged organs, but in the disease state protection mechanisms such as the blood brain barrier (BBB) are ineffective or overcome by pathological processes. In neuroinflammatory diseases, microglia cells and other resident immune cells contribute to local vascular inflammation and potentially a systemic inflammatory response taking place in parallel. Microglia cells interact with other cells impacting on the integrity of the BBB and propagate the inflammatory response through the release of inflammatory signals. Read More

Bone Res 2022 Mar 16;10(1):30. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.

Vascular regeneration is a challenging topic in tissue repair. As one of the important components of the neurovascular unit (NVU), pericytes play an essential role in the maintenance of the vascular network of the spinal cord. To date, subtypes of pericytes have been identified by various markers, namely the PDGFR-β, Desmin, CD146, and NG2, each of which is involved with spinal cord injury (SCI) repair. Read More