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J Biosci 2018 Dec;43(5):897-909

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

The outcomes of compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) necessitate radical treatment. The therapeutic potential of neuroectodermal stem cells (NESCs) in a rat model of CSCI in acute and subacute stages was assessed. White Wistar rat were divided into control, sham-operated, CSCI untreated model, CSCI grafted with NESCs at 1 day after CSCI, and at 7 days after CSCI. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018 Dec 4. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center Murnau, Professor-Küntscher Straße 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy is a commonly performed procedure. It reduces intracranial pressure, improves survival, and thus might have a positive impact on several neurosurgical diseases and emergencies. Sometimes primary skin closure is not possible due to cerebral herniation or extensive skin defects. Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 27;10(9):e3375. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA.

Aortic occlusion is used during trauma resuscitation for patients with profound shock and cardiac arrest. Aortic occlusion increases coronary and cerebral perfusion permitting time for interventions in an attempt to salvage moribund patients. Resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a less invasive method of aortic occlusion and its indications are being defined, but it is used primarily for noncompressible torso hemorrhage. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(48):e13414

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University.

Rationale: Spontaneous intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage (hematomyelia) is a rare disease and most cases have specific etiologies such as cavernous malformations and tumor. Most reported cases are about surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage, but there are no reports of rehabilitation effectiveness reported. This case reports the first case with positive effect of rehabilitation on a patient with intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage, who did not undergo surgery. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2018 Nov 23. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Vascular Medicine, German Aortic Center, University Heart Center, Hamburg, Germany.

Objective: Whereas open repair is the "gold standard" for most aortic arch diseases, a subgroup of patients might benefit from an endovascular approach. The introduction of branched stent grafts with dedicated design to address the challenges of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch has opened an entirely new area of treatment for these patients. We investigated the early outcomes of branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair (b-TEVAR) in various types of disease of the aortic arch. Read More

Neuroradiology 2018 Nov 21. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan.

Purpose: The reliability of assessment of the artery of Adamkiewicz before the aortic repair is highly dependent on the display of the continuity of this artery with the aorta, mainly around the vertebral pedicle, by computed tomography angiography (CTA). We hypothesized that the sharp filter kernel can improve visualization of this continuity of the vessel structure because of its edge enhancement and high-spatial resolution. This study was performed to compare the subjective and objective image quality of spinal CTA reconstructed with sharp and smooth filter kernels. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2018 7;5:275. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Our objective was to determine the efficacy of manual cervical dislocation vs. a mechanical cervical dislocation device for on-farm killing of poults and young turkeys. Forty-two 1- and 3-week old turkeys were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: awake manual cervical dislocation (CD), anesthetized manual cervical dislocation (aCD), or anesthetized mechanical cervical dislocation (MCD). Read More

Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2018 ;24(4):379-423

MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC.

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018 Nov 13;210:148-158. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

Confocal Raman microspectral imaging (CRMI) in combination with multivariate analysis was used to study pathological progression after spinal cord injury (SCI). By establishing moderate contusion in rat models, ex vivo longitudinal spinal cord tissue sections were prepared for microspectroscopic analysis. Comparative studies were then performed to determine the pathological distinctions among before injury (BI), one day post-injury (1 DPI), seven days post-injury (7 DPI), and 14days post-injury (14 DPI) groups. Read More

J Vasc Access 2018 Nov 16:1129729818809907. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

5 Department of Surgery and Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Purpose:: The best access for hemodialysis is an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The most helpful way for vasodilation in the upper limb is stellate ganglion block. We aim to evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block on outcome of vascular access for dialysis. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 Sep;10(9):5376-5383

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Aortic Disease Center, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses, Beijing 100029, China.

Background: Several methods of arch vessel reconstruction, such as (island) and branched graft techniques, have been proposed to treat aortic arch pathologies during total arch replacement (TAR). We seek to review our experience with modified en bloc technique and left subclavian (LSCA)-left carotid artery (LCCA) transposition in TAR and frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure for chronic type A aortic dissection (CTAAD).

Methods: From September 2010 to September 2016, 35 consecutive patients with CTAAD underwent modified arch reconstruction with LSCA-LCCA transposition during TAR and FET procedure. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Oct 31. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Biostatistics Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Spain.

Background: Complicated operative vaginal deliveries are associated with high neonatal morbidity and maternal trauma, especially if the procedure is unsuccessful and a cesarean delivery is needed. The decision to perform an operative vaginal delivery has traditionally been based on a subjective assessment by digital vaginal examination combined with the clinical expertise of the obstetrician. Currently, there is no method for objectively quantifying the likelihood of successful delivery. Read More

Asian J Surg 2018 Oct 27. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Beijing Aortic Disease Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To compare the outcomes of the en bloc and branched graft techniques for supra-aortic vessel reconstruction in total arch replacement (TAR) for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

Methods: In 53 ATAAD patients with intact supra-aortic arch vessels undergoing TAR, the arch vessels were reconstructed using the branched graft technique in 35 patients and en bloc technique in 18, i.e. Read More

BMC Complement Altern Med 2018 Oct 29;18(1):291. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Orthopaedics, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-Gu, Seoul, 132-703, South Korea.

Background: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is an uncommon disease, but it can lead to acute cord compression with disabling consequences. Identifiable reasons for spontaneous hemorrhage are vascular malformations and bleeding disorders. However, SSEH after taking herbal medicines has not been described yet. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2018 Oct;43(10):674-7

Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040.

Brain plasticity is referred to the ability of the brain to change in structure and functional activities from microscopic aspects (synapses) in individual neurons to larger-scale aspects such as cortical remapping, neuronal remodeling, etc. in response to injury. Acupuncture has a positive effect in the treatment of cerebral diseases, thus leading to an increasing research on its underlying mechanisms in regulating brain plasticity. Read More

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019 Jan 11;42(1):19-27. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Vascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair (f-TEVAR) using physician-modified stent grafts (PMSGs) in zone 0 and zone 1 for aortic arch diseases.

Methods: f-TEVAR using PMSGs in Z0 and Z1 was performed on ten high-risk patients for open surgery from November 2015 to September 2017. Indications were complicated acute type B dissection (ABAD) with retrograde dissection involving the mid-arch (n = 1), distal arch aneurysms (n = 3), mid-arch aneurysms of the inner arch curvature (n = 3) and penetrating aortic ulcer located in the mid- or proximal arch (n = 3). Read More

NMC Case Rep J 2018 Oct 13;5(4):105-109. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

Concurrent multiple tumors developing in the spinal cord are rare, except for in genetic disorders, such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau disease. Furthermore, concurrent tumors arising in the same spinal level with discrete histopathology are much rarer. We report two such cases. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2018 Dec 13;58:210-212. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

University of California San Francisco, Department of Neurological Surgery, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background And Importance: Advances in minimally invasive (MIS) and mini-open surgical approaches have led to reductions in perioperative morbidity without compromising rates of resection of non-degenerative intradural spinal pathologies. Whether these approaches may be adapted for the surgical resection for intramedullary vascular malformations - such as cavernous malformations (CMs) - has yet to be reported. The authors describe a mini-open transspinous approach to resect a ruptured intramedullary CM of the conus medullaris. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2019 Jan 13;144:37-42. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:

Mice selected for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) are a unique model for studying the genetic background of this phenomenon. HA and LA miceshow substantial differences in the magnitude of the antinociceptive response to stress and when treated with exogenous opioids. However, the direct cause underplaying this distinctive feature has not yet been identified. Read More

Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018 Oct 1;13(1):175. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Reference Centre for Lysosomal Diseases (CRML), Department of Pediatric Neurology, and Sorbonne Université, GRC n°19, Pathologies Congénitales du Cervelet-LeucoDystrophies, AP-HP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, F-75012, Paris, France.

Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal lipid storage disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The clinical presentation and evolution of NP-C and the effect of miglustat treatment are described in the largest cohort of patients with adolescent/adult-onset NP-C studied to date.

Methods: Observational study based on clinical chart data from adult patients with NP-C (> 18 year old) diagnosed in France between 1990 and 2015. Read More

J Neurotrauma 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

1 The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

Neuroimaging facilitates the translation of animal pre-clinical research to human application. The large porcine spinal cord is useful for testing invasive interventions. Ideally, the safety and efficacy of a delayed intervention is tested in pigs that have recovered sufficiently after spinal cord injury (SCI) to allow either deterioration or improvement of function to be detected. Read More

Leuk Res 2018 Nov 26;74:14-20. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan. Electronic address:

The RUNX1-EVI1 gene generated by the t(3;21) translocation encodes a chimeric transcription factor and is a causative gene in the development of de novo acute megakaryoblastic leukemia and leukemic transformation of hematopoietic stem cell tumors. Heterozygous RUNX1-EVI1 knock-in mice die in utero due to hemorrhage in the central nervous system and spinal cord and complete abolishment of definitive hematopoiesis in the fetal liver. On the other hand, the chimeric knock-in mouse develops acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Jan 27;311:115-124. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Cellular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. Electronic address:

In humans, spinal cord injury (SCI) is often accompanied by additional tissue damage (polytrauma) that can engage pain (nociceptive) fibers. Prior work has shown that this nociceptive input can expand the area of tissue damage (secondary injury), undermine behavioral recovery, and enhance the development of chronic pain. Here, it is shown that nociceptive input given a day after a lower thoracic contusion injury in rats enhances the infiltration of red blood cells at the site of injury, producing an area of hemorrhage that expands secondary injury. Read More

Biomaterials 2018 Dec 19;185:284-300. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

InVivo Therapeutics Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Severe spinal cord injury leads to hemorrhage, edema and elevated tissue pressures that propagate ischemia. Liquefactive necrosis of damaged tissue eventually results in chronic cavities due to a wound healing process lacking adhesive contractile cells. Biomaterials can potently influence wound healing responses. Read More

Stem Cell Res Ther 2018 Sep 26;9(1):245. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.

Background: Neurodegenerative disorders have a complex pathology and are characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal architecture in the brain or spinal cord. Neuroprotective agents have demonstrated promising results at the preclinical stage, but this has not been confirmed at the clinical stage. Thus far, no neuroprotective drug that can prevent neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disorders is available. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 12;120:328-330. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, PR China. Electronic address:

Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) draining into the perimedullary venous system are rare and potentially life-threatening lesions often presenting as a myelopathy. The early and proper diagnosis of this rare disease is challenging because the symptoms are nonspecific. Acute clinical deterioration in patients with spinal DAVFs treated with steroid administration has been described. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 10;120:181-184. Epub 2018 Sep 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.

Background: Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas are rare vascular malformations. Exceptionally, they present with dumbbell-shaped morphology. When they happen, it's mandatory to include their pathology in the differential diagnosis because of their similarity to schwannomas. Read More

Eur Spine J 2018 Sep 12. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8560, Japan.

Purpose: To report a case series of surgically proven spinal ependymomas of WHO grade II in which there were changes in the preoperative MRI characteristics over time.

Methods: A total of 71 patients with spinal cord ependymoma of WHO grade II underwent surgery. There were ten cases in which surgery was performed at an average of 2. Read More

Radiographics 2018 Sep-Oct;38(5):1516-1535

From the Departments of Radiology and Medical Imaging (J.L.P., J.H.D., N.C.N., C.R.Q., M.T.P., N.F., M.D.M., C.A.S.) and Orthopedic Surgery (G.A.F., F.H.S.), University of Virginia, 1215 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908.

Spinal hematomas are a frequent indication for radiologic evaluation and can be a diagnostic dilemma for many radiologists and surgeons. There are four types of spinal hematomas: epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intramedullary (spinal cord) hematomas. Because they differ by their location in relationship to the meningeal membranes and spinal cord, unique radiologic appearances can be recognized to distinguish these types of spinal hemorrhage. Read More

Crit Care Med 2018 Dec;46(12):1991-1997

Both authors: Department of Surgery and the Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, RA Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD.

Objectives: To describe the current state of the art regarding management of the critically ill trauma patient with an emphasis on initial management in the ICU.

Data Sources And Study Selection: A PubMed literature review was performed for relevant articles in English related to the management of adult humans with severe trauma. Specific topics included airway management, hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation, and specific injuries to the chest, abdomen, brain, and spinal cord. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2018 24;8:36. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Radiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, NY, USA.

Superficial siderosis is the slow accumulation of hemosiderin on the pial surfaces of the brain and spinal cord. The most common cause of intracranial superficial siderosis is secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Rarely, superficial siderosis can also be caused by tumors. Read More

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Aug 8. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY.

Objectives: Spinal cord ischemia secondary to trauma or a vascular occlusive event is a threatening phenomenon. The neuroprotective properties of minocycline have been shown in several models of central nervous system diseases and after spinal cord ischemia; however, the benefit of using the drug requires additional confirmation in different animal models. Astrocytes are essential as regulators of neuronal functions and for providing nutrients. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2018 ;28(4):625-629

Firat University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Elazig, Turkey.

Aim: To investigate the effects of intrathecal caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on tissue and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) levels following spinal cord injury (SCI) as well as its effects on edema and microhemorrhage.

Material And Methods: Forty rats were divided into four groups. The sham group underwent single-level laminectomy and then received an intrathecal injection of isotonic saline. Read More

Cureus 2018 Jul 2;10(7):e2908. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Nagoya City University Gladuate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, JPN.

Introduction Preliminary results of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for spinal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in five cases are presented.  Methods Two cases were male and three were female. Their median age was 32 years (range: 23 to 54 years). Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 27;36(12):2337.e3-2337.e5. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

ICU, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Eastern Hospital, No 1111, Jiangnan Rd, Ningbo 315100, China. Electronic address:

Electrical injury causes direct damage to nerves. It may manifest as peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord damage, cerebellar ataxia, hypoxic encephalopathy, or intracerebral hemorrhage. Various factors determine the severity of electric injury, including type of current, amperage, voltage, tissue resistance, pathway of the current, and duration of contact with the body. Read More

Acta Neurochir Suppl 2018;129:121-126

Department of Neurosurgery, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.

The topographical distribution of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) was analyzed based on the embryological anatomy of the dural membrane. Sixty-six consecutive cases of intracranial and spinal DAVFs were analyzed based on the angiography, and each shunt point was identified according to the embryological bony structures. The area of dural membranes was categorized into three different groups: a ventral group located on the endochondral bone (VE group), a dorsal group on the membranous bone (DM group), and a falcotentorial group (FT group) in the falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae. Read More

Neurosurgery 2018 Aug 29. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.

Background: Immature neurons can extend processes after transplantation in adult animals. Neuronal relays can form between injected neural stem cells (NSCs) and surviving neurons, possibly improving recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Cell delivery methods of single or multiple bolus injections of concentrated cell suspensions thus far tested in preclinical and clinical experiments are suboptimal for new tract formation. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Dec 27;120:36-42. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.

Background: Castleman disease (CD) is an uncommon disorder of deregulated lymphoproliferation with unicentric (UCD) and multicentric forms based on extent of nodal involvement. Gross resection with histopathologic analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosis of UCD and is curative in most cases. Symptomatic paraspinal UCD is a rare presentation with potentially dangerous complications, and its tendency to mimic more common spinal tumors presents a significant diagnostic challenge. Read More

J Physiol 2018 Nov 19;596(21):5077-5078. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 27;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF) are uncommon lesions. Multiple classification systems have been proposed to attempt to describe these lesions. We describe the case of a patient with a dorsal epidural DAVF that, while cerebral in origin, presented with classic spinal DAVF symptoms. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018 Aug 27. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France.

In adulthood, spinal cord MRI abnormalities such as T2-weighted hyperintensities and atrophy are commonly associated with a large variety of causes (inflammation, infections, neoplasms, vascular and spondylotic diseases). Occasionally, they can be due to rare metabolic or genetic diseases, in which the spinal cord involvement can be a prominent or even predominant feature, or a secondary one. This review focuses on these rare diseases and associated spinal cord abnormalities, which can provide important but over-ridden clues for the diagnosis. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 24;119:374-380. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Background: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is extremely rare and occurs in <1% of all cases of SAH. To the best of our knowledge, only 1 case of spontaneous spinal SAH with later development of a symptomatic spinal arachnoid cyst (SAC) has been described in the literature to date. The objective of the present study was to report the challenging clinical management of SAC based on a literature review. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Nov 23;119:e1029-e1034. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.

Background: Adamkiewicz arteries vasospasm in spinal cord subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can affect the spinal cord. Although muscle dysfunction of extremities is a common problem after spinal cord ischemia induced by SAH, to our knowledge there are no studies on degenerative changes in peripheral nerves. We studied the histopathologic changes in sciatic nerves after spinal SAH. Read More

Theranostics 2018 30;8(15):4181-4198. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.

Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) induces secondary hemorrhage and initial blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption. The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Trpm4) together with sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) forms the Sur1-Trpm4 channel complex. The up-regulation of Sur1-Trpm4 after injury plays a crucial role in secondary hemorrhage, which is the most destructive mechanism in secondary injuries of the central nervous system (CNS). Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Apr-Jun;21(2):158-160

Department of Neurology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India.

Association of dengue fever with transverse myelitis is a rare phenomenon; involvement of a long segment is even rarer. We describe a middle-aged female who presented with weakness of bilateral lower limbs and urinary retention 4 days after recovery from dengue fever. She, in addition, had a sensory level up to the level of nipples. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2018 Aug 12;16(2):1079-1086. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Orthopedics, Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma of the PLA, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China.

The present study aimed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) attenuates spinal cord injury-associated oxidative stress in rats by regulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 signaling pathway. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group (S group), spinal cord injury group (SCI group), G-Rb1 treatment group (G-Rb1 group) and SCI+G-Rb1+Inhibitor L-name group (L-name group). The posterior limb function was evaluated via the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scoring method. Read More

Neuroradiology 2018 Oct 14;60(10):1035-1041. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: Neurointerventional approaches have improved myelopathy in patients with spinal vascular lesions by providing effective management, particularly when surgical approaches are difficult. However, there have been challenges in describing and comparing recovery status during the post-treatment period.

Methods: We evaluated 43 patients with venous congestive myelopathy (VCM) using Aminoff-Logue Disability Scale for gait (AL-G) and micturition (AL-M) scores. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 24;9:142. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital, Guru Nanak Eye Centre and G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (G.I.P.M.E.R.), New Delhi, India.

Background: Spinal schwannomas are slow growing, benign nerve sheath tumors. These may be asymptomatic or may present as backache with radicular pain, slowly progressive neurological deficits, but rarely with acute spastic quadriparesis attributed to intratumoral hemorrhage.

Case Description: A 38-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of neck pain radiating to the left upper extremity for the last 8 months. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018 Oct 6;27(10):2810-2821. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore 560029, India. Electronic address:

Introduction: Spinal cord infarction is an uncommon disease varying in its clinical presentation. This study describes the clinical and radiological presentation of spinal cord infarcts in 17 consecutive patients.

Material And Methods: Clinical and MR imaging data of 17 patients were reviewed. Read More

Neuropharmacology 2018 Aug 4. Epub 2018 Aug 4.

Spinal Cord & Brain Injury Research Center and Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.

Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative damage remains an extensively validated secondary injury mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI) as demonstrated by the efficacy of various pharmacological antioxidants agents in decreasing post-traumatic free radical-induced lipid peroxidation (LP) and protein oxidative damage in preclinical TBI models. Based upon strong preclinical efficacy results, two antioxidant agents, the superoxide radical scavenger polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and the 21-aminosteroid LP inhibitor tirilazad, which inhibits lipid peroxidation, (LP) were evaluated in large phase III trials in moderately- and severely-injured TBI patients. Both failed to improve 6 month survival and neurological recovery. Read More