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J Spinal Cord Med 2019 Apr 15:1-4. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

a Department of Neurology , West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , People's Republic of China.

Context: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe, inflammatory, relapsing disease with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord. The manifestations of brain involvement take various forms, but the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage is seldom observed.

Finding: We report the case of a patient with NMO who presented with hemorrhagic encephalitis during the course of the disease. Read More

Turk Neurosurg 2018 Oct 27. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine.

Aim: Although basic pupillodilatatory function of ciliospinal center is well known, neuropathological mechanism of permanent miosis has not been adequately investigated in ciliospinal center pathologies. In this study, ischemic neurodegeneration of ciliospinal center on permanent miosis examined following SAH.

Material And Methods: 19 rabbits were examined in this study. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2019 28;6:89. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

We evaluated three models of non-penetrating captive bolt devices, Zephyr-E, Zephyr- EXL, and Turkey euthanasia device (TED) for time to loss of sensibility and degree of brain damage during euthanasia in four age groups of male and female layer chickens (10-11, 20-21, 30-35, 60-70 weeks respectively). Latencies to onset of insensibility and cardiac arrest were assessed to detect whether killing birds via these devices was humane and effective. Both gross and microscopic pathology evaluations were conducted to score skull and brain trauma post mortem. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 Aug;14(8):1309-1312

Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is one of the most successful biopharmaceuticals in history and is used for treating anemia of different origins. However, it became clear that EPO could also work in a neuroprotective, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, angiogenetic and neurotropic way. It causes stimulation of cells to delay cell apoptosis, especially in the central nervous system. Read More

J Vet Sci 2019 Mar 8;20(2):e7. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.

The magnetic resonance (MR) features of spinal epidural hemorrhage depending with the passage of time have a meaning in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study is to propose the characteristic MR image of spinal epidural hemorrhage using a lower field permanent magnet scanner in dogs. A total of 8 clinically normal beagle dogs, weighing about 9 kg, were allocated. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2019 ;1122:1-26

Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University/SALK, Salzburg, Austria.

Pericytes (PCs) are specialized cells located abluminal of endothelial cells (ECs) on capillaries, embedded within the same basement membrane. They are essential regulators of vascular development, remodeling, and blood-retina-barrier (BRB) tightness and are therefore important components to maintain tissue homeostasis. The perivascular localization and expression of contractile proteins suggest that PCs participate in capillary blood flow regulation and neurovascular coupling. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):503-507

Department of Paediatrics, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Pediatric spinal schwannomas/neurofibromas constitute only 2.5%-4% of all pediatric spinal tumors. However, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) because of spinal pathologies is very rare, representing 1. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.

Objective: We previously proposed a grading system for blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) designed to guide therapy. This study analyzed our outcomes since implementing this system.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was conducted of consecutive patients presenting with BTAI between January 2014 and December 2017. Read More

PLoS One 2019 28;14(3):e0214289. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility and efficacy of combined low-dose, time-resolved (TR) and single-phase high-resolution (HR) contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) as a pre-angiographic study for spinal vascular disease.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients with suspected spinal vascular disease were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent combined low-dose TR CE-MRA and three-dimensional single-phase HR CE-MRA at 3 Tesla, followed by conventional spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) within 90 days. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2019 Mar;46(273):142-145

Department of Neuroorthopedics, Mazovian Centre of Rehabilitation STOCER, Konstancin-Jeziorna, Poland.

Spinal cord infarction is very rare condition and usually occurs in the thoracic region of the spine. The etiology is often unknown and patophysiology can be diverse. The stroke may occur while performing a surgical procedure, but it is also found in vascular diseases, for example dissecting aneurysms, vasculitis and vascular malformations. Read More

J Invest Surg 2019 Mar 25:1-7. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

f Department of Cardiovascular Surgery , Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Vascular Prostheses , Beijing , China.

Background: Acute aorta dissection (AD) is a fatal emergency, however, studies addressing the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of acute AD in young adult patients aged under 45 years in China are very few.

Methods: A retrospective study including 490 patients with acute AD as the final diagnosis was conducted. Patients' demographics, clinical characteristics, medical history, and laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings were retrieved from medical records. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(11):e14806

Institute of Spine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Rationale: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a rare disease that presents with neurogenic and vascular symptoms similar to those of cervical spondylosis. However, making the diagnosis of TOS can be challenging due to a lack of standardized objective confirmatory tests.

Patient Concerns: A 66-year-old man presented with neck, supraclavicular, and right shoulder pain as well as numbness and weakness in the right arm after surgery to correct cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Read More

J Vasc Res 2019 Mar 15;56(1):17-27. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,

Vitamin D has an important protective effect on chronic inflammatory disease. Angiotensin II (AngII) triggers vascular damage and plays a key role in vascular diseases via several mechanisms, including inflammation. Conversely, vitamin D has been shown to have an important protective effect on chronic inflammation. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

The literature has long attempted distinct classifications of arteriovenous fistulae and arteriovenous malformations of the spine.1-3 It is worth noting that lesions can become more complex during recurrence and may not adhere to traditional definitions. In these cases, recognizing the principles of pathology and pathophysiology can guide management and treatment. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Mar 9. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Objective: Arachnoiditis ossificans (AO) is a rare entity characterized by the presence of calcified plaques formed by the metaplasia of arachnoid cells. We report a case of symptomatic AO, with associated syringomyelia and tethered spinal cord, as a late sequela of oil-based myelography. A review of literature, and description of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, imaging characteristics, classification, and management options of this rare entity, are also discussed. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2019 Mar 7. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Foch Hospital, 40 rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.

Background: Intradural spinal cord arteriovenous shunts represent a rare entity, particularly in the pediatric population, and clinical diagnosis can be challenging.

Methods: We report the analysis of clinical, angioarchitectural, procedural, and follow-up data in a population of 36 children managed by our team between 2002 and 2017.

Results: Hemorrhage occurred in 26 children (72%). Read More

Neurosurg Focus 2019 Mar;46(3):E3

Departments of1Neurological Surgery.

OBJECTIVEThe elderly are a growing subpopulation within traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Studies have reported high morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients who undergo surgery for SCI. In this study, the authors compare the perioperative outcomes of surgically managed elderly SCI patients with those of a younger cohort and those reported in the literature. Read More

J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019 Mar-Apr;10(2):269-273. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

Department of Emergency Medicine, JPN Apex Trauma Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Hematopoietic failure (HF) has been observed in trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) patients. Multiple factors are involved. Elevated serum levels of cytokines, catecholamine, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and decreased expression of erythropoietin receptor are associated with HF among T/HS. Read More

Top Companion Anim Med 2019 Mar 15;34:47-50. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH, USA.

A 10-year-old spayed female Bichon Frise presented to the neurology service for back pain and pelvic limb weakness for approximately 2 months duration. Neurologic examination revealed T3-L3 and L4-S3 myelopathies with multifocal spinal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column revealed multiple mild disc protrusions but no obvious cause for the neurologic deficits. Read More

Blood 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Diagnostic & Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States;

Pain is a characteristic feature of sickle cell disease (SCD), one of the most common inherited diseases. Patients may experience acute painful crises as well as chronic pain. In the Berkley transgenic murine model of SCD, HbSS-BERK mice express only human hemoglobin S. Read More

Neuroscience 2019 Apr 20;404:246-258. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neurogenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Bidirectional selection of mice for high (HA) and low (LA) swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) is associated with a divergent response to opioids. In the current study, we investigated whether the genetic divergence in opioid system activity between HA and LA mice also affects cannabinoid sensitivity. Additionally, we also investigated whether the endocannabinoid system mediates SSIA in these lines. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA

Objective: There is a paucity of literature investigating the clinical course of patients with spinal intramedullary cavernous malformations (ISCMs). We present a large case series of ISCMs to describe clinical presentation, natural history and outcomes of both surgical and conservative management.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of patients diagnosed with ISCMs at our institution between 1995 and 2016. Read More

Int J Biol Sci 2019 1;15(2):277-286. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal apoptosis is a crucial pathological process of spinal cord injury (SCI). In our previous study, icariin (ICA) showed neuroprotective effects in SCI. However, the relationships between ER stress and ICA in SCI are unclear yet. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 10. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Radiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in stratification of spinal cord non-ependymal gliomas.

Methods: Forty-one patients (mean age, 29.9 ± 16. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: A 26-year-old man presented with acute quadriparesis owing to a traffic accident. A computed tomography scan revealed a hangman fracture and locking of the left facet joint at C2-3. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a high signal change of the spinal cord on T2-weighted image and hemorrhage in the C2-3 level. Read More

Pharmacotherapy 2019 Mar 11;39(3):335-345. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

Optimal blood pressure (BP) management is controversial in neurocritically ill patients due to conflicting concerns of worsening ischemia with decreased BP versus cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure with elevated BP. In addition, high-quality evidence is lacking regarding optimal BP goals in patients with most of these conditions. This review summarizes guideline recommendations and examines the literature for BP management in patients with ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2019 Mar 17;57(2):319-339. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.

T2-weighted (T2W) imaging is the most important sequence for detection of acute traumatic spinal cord pathology in clinical practice. Intramedullary hemorrhage on T2W imaging is associated with some component of irreversible injury and arguably the most robust MR imaging predictor of injury severity. The MR imaging appearance of the injured spinal cord in the early stages of injury is highly dynamic, and the time delay from injury to imaging must be considered in image interpretation. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2019 Mar 15;57(2):307-318. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 North, 1900 East, #1A071, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2140, USA.

Vascular disorders of the spine are more rare than cerebral vascular entities but can result in significant morbidity. These lesions frequently demonstrate distinguishing characteristics by imaging that are imperative for the radiologist to recognize to properly guide diagnosis and treatment. We review distinguishing imaging characteristics for spinal vascular malformations, spinal emergencies, and spinal vascular masses. Read More

Neural Regen Res 2019 May;14(5):886-895

School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University; Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders; China Rehabilitation Science Institute; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.

Intramedullary pressure increases after spinal cord injury, and this can be an important factor for secondary spinal cord injury. Until now there have been no studies of the dynamic changes of intramedullary pressure after spinal cord injury. In this study, telemetry systems were used to observe changes in intramedullary pressure in the 72 hours following spinal cord injury to explore its pathological mechanisms. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Maimonides Medical Center, Division of Neurosurgery, 948 48th St, Brooklyn, NY 11219, Brooklyn, New York, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Although rare, spinal meningiomas may cause motor and sensory deficits or difficulty with bladder or bowel function due to spinal cord compression. While hemorrhage of intracranial meningiomas is well documented, there are very few cases of hemorrhage or hematoma associated with spinal meningiomas in the literature. Spinal meningiomas have been reported to be associated with subdural, epidural, intratumoral, and subarachnoid hemorrhage and usually in the setting of inciting event such as lumbar puncture or anti-coagulation therapy. Read More

Mol Neurobiol 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons and grim prognosis. Over the last decade, studies on neurodegenerative diseases pointed on the role of glia in supporting the proper function of neurons. Particularly, oligodendrocytes were shown to be essential through myelin production and supplying axons with energy metabolites via monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). Read More

Neurochem Int 2019 Mar 18;124:181-192. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Age-Related and Brain Diseases Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

After spinal cord injury (SCI), blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption and hemorrhage lead to blood cell infiltration and progressive secondary injuries including inflammation. Inflammatory response is one of the major events resulting in apoptosis, scar formation and neuronal dysfunction after SCI. Here, we investigated whether protocatechuic acid (PCA), a natural phenolic compound, would attenuate BSCB disruption and hemorrhage, leading to functional improvement after SCI. Read More

Nat Neurosci 2019 Mar 21;22(3):421-435. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA.

The clearance of damaged myelin sheaths is critical to ensure functional recovery from neural injury. Here we show a previously unidentified role for microvessels and their lining endothelial cells in engulfing myelin debris in spinal cord injury (SCI) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We demonstrate that IgG opsonization of myelin debris is required for its effective engulfment by endothelial cells and that the autophagy-lysosome pathway is crucial for degradation of engulfed myelin debris. Read More

Neuroradiology 2019 Mar 20;61(3):313-322. Epub 2019 Jan 20.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.

Purpose: Diffuse midline glioma with histone H3 K27M mutation is a new entity described in the 2016 update of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and imaging characteristics to predict the presence of H3 K27M mutation in spinal cord glioma using a machine learning-based classification model.

Methods: A total of 41 spinal cord glioma patients consisting of 24 H3 K27M mutants and 17 wild types were enrolled in this retrospective study. Read More

Headache 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Neuroradiology Division, Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.

J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019 Jan 31;62(1):106-113. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Objective: The efficacy of preoperative embolization for hypervascular metastatic spine disease (MSD) such as renal cell and thyroid cancers has been reported. However, the debate on the efficacy of preoperative embolization for non-hypervascular MSD still remains unsettled. The purpose of this study is to determine whether preoperative embolization for non-hypervascular MSD decreases perioperative blood loss. Read More

J Cardiothorac Surg 2019 Jan 8;14(1). Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Surgery, 4th Military Teaching Hospital, 5 Weigla street, 50-981, Wroclaw, Poland.

Introduction: One of the most severe complications after TEVAR is ischemic stroke and spinal cord ischemia (SCI) resulting in severe disability. These complications can be fatal up to 30% of cases, so it is very important to define risk factors associated with the occurrence of such events. The aim of this study was to define the causes and risk factors associated with the occurrence of neurological complications in patients after TEVAR. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2018 Dec 27;19(4):270-274. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Background: Nasal bone fractures occur frequently because the nasal bone is located at the forefront of the face. The goal of this study was to examine the cause, change in severity, change in incidence, and demographics of nasal bone fracture according to today's lifestyle.

Methods: A total of 2,092 patients diagnosed as having nasal bone fractures at our department between 2002 and 2017 were included in this study. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 4;9:250. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Intramedullary hemorrhages involving spinal hemangioblastomas are rare. They are frequently associated with devastating neurologic outcomes, despite with emergent surgical intervention. Here, we presented an example of an intramedullary hemorrhage occurring in a spinal hemangioblastoma, where the patient markedly improved with surgery. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 26;62:253-255. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, United States. Electronic address:

This case report describes a 48-year old female who presented with altered mental status, lower extremity weakness, low back pain and a recent history of subjective fevers and night sweats found to have posterior parieto-occipital and spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage on imaging. Further work-up revealed vasculitic changes in the intracranial vasculature and the external carotid artery on angiography. She also demonstrated positivity for perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (p-ANCA) antibodies overall consistent with ANCA associated central nervous system vasculitis (AAV). Read More

Life Sci 2019 Feb 21;218:340-345. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710014, PR China. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the expression and time-dependent manner of bradykinin (BK) as well as its receptors (Bradykinin receptors 1 and 2, B1R and B2R) in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) in rat model.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to 1 h of infra-renal abdominal aorta occlusion and reperfused for 3 h to 5 d to induce SCII. The concentration of BK in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Read More

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019 Mar 21;316(3):H722-H733. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia , Canada.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are highly prevalent in spinal cord injury (SCI), and peripheral vascular dysfunction might be a contributing factor. Recent evidence demonstrates that exposure to heat stress can improve vascular function and reduce the risk of CVD in uninjured populations. We therefore aimed to examine the extent of vascular dysfunction in SCI and the acute effects of passive heating. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2019 Apr 20;53(3):230-241. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

9 Imperial Vascular Unit, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Introduction:: Despite advances in perioperative critical care and surgical technique, spinal cord ischemia remains a devastating complication of thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Biochemical markers present in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be useful in assessing spinal cord injury. We systematically analyze and report the role of all reported biochemical markers that have been used in assessing and diagnosing spinal cord ischemia in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Perimedullary fistulae of the spinal cord are rare vascular lesions that can present with different clinical patterns: hemorrhage, progressive myelopathy due to arterial steal and/or venous congestion, or symptoms due to compression of neural structures by engorged vessels. Treatment consists of surgical excision, endovascular embolization, or a combination of the two. If complete obliteration of the nidus exposes the patient to undue risk of permanent neurological deficits, incomplete obliteration with reduction of the vascular supply is a reasonable compromise to improve clinical symptomatology. Read More

J Biosci 2018 Dec;43(5):897-909

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,

The outcomes of compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) necessitate radical treatment. The therapeutic potential of neuroectodermal stem cells (NESCs) in a rat model of CSCI in acute and subacute stages was assessed. White Wistar rat were divided into control, sham-operated, CSCI untreated model, CSCI grafted with NESCs at 1 day after CSCI, and at 7 days after CSCI. Read More

Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2018 Dec 19;39(6):551-569. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

Spinal emergencies and urgent conditions must be recognized early so that the diagnosis can be quickly confirmed and treatment can be instituted to possibly prevent permanent loss of function. The American College of Radiology provides guidelines for recognition of patients presenting with myelopathy or acute low back pain who require further evaluation for suspicion of more serious problems and contribute to appropriate imaging utilization. Spinal emergencies include spinal cord compression secondary to vertebral fracture or space occupying lesion, spinal infection or abscess, vascular or hematologic damage, severe disc herniation, and spinal stenosis. Read More

Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2019 Feb;32(1):72-79

Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a devastating complication after open or endovascular aortic repair for thoracoabdominal aortic disease. The underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood but appears multifactorial. Multiple spinal cord protection strategies and monitoring techniques are currently utilized with variable results seen. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2019 Mar 4;161(3):493-499. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center Murnau, Professor-Küntscher Straße 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy is a commonly performed procedure. It reduces intracranial pressure, improves survival, and thus might have a positive impact on several neurosurgical diseases and emergencies. Sometimes primary skin closure is not possible due to cerebral herniation or extensive skin defects. Read More

Cureus 2018 Sep 27;10(9):e3375. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Surgery, Harlem Hospital Center, New York, USA.

Aortic occlusion is used during trauma resuscitation for patients with profound shock and cardiac arrest. Aortic occlusion increases coronary and cerebral perfusion permitting time for interventions in an attempt to salvage moribund patients. Resuscitative endovascular occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a less invasive method of aortic occlusion and its indications are being defined, but it is used primarily for noncompressible torso hemorrhage. Read More