Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019 May 17;35:22-32. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Background: and purpose: The benefits of Kinesio taping (KT) in post-stroke rehabilitation have not been determined. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on lower-extremity rehabilitation in patients after a stroke.

Methods: A literature search was performed using EBSCOhost, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, and Wanfang Data through June 2018. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019 May;98(5):360-368

From the MossRehab Gait and Motion Analysis Laboratory, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (AE); McGill University, Division of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (THW); Staffordshire University, Faculty of Health and North Staffordshire Rehabilitation Centre, Haywood Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom (ABW); Halifax Health, Brooks Rehabilitation, Daytona Beach, Florida (CG); Allergan plc, Bridgewater, New Jersey (CL); and Allergan plc, Irvine, California (RD).

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify optimal muscle selection patterns for onabotulinumtoxinA treatment of poststroke lower-limb spasticity.

Design: Adults with poststroke lower-limb spasticity (ankle Modified Ashworth Scale ≥3) were randomized to onabotulinumtoxinA (300 U, mandatory ankle plantar flexors; ≤100 U, optional lower-limb muscles) or placebo. Post hoc analysis assessed the impact of muscle selection patterns on ankle Modified Ashworth Scale and physician-assessed Clinical Global Impression of Change based on change from baseline to average of weeks 4/6 versus placebo. Read More

Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea; Translational Research and Clinical Trials Center for Medical Devices - Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of real instrument training in VR environment for improving upper-extremity and cognitive function after stroke.

Design: Single-blind, randomized trial.

Setting: Medical center. Read More

Neurol Int 2019 Mar 11;11(1):7959. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.

Pantothenate Kinase-associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by variation in pantothenate kinase-2 gene () gene on chromosome 20. The common presentation of this disease includes progressive dystonia, Parkinsonism, retinopathy, cognitive impairment, and spasticity. The typical magnetic resonance imaging finding is sign in globus pallidus and not pathogenic and not found in all patients. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Apr;54(4):267-271

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Ear Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the endoscope combined with microscope for the microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm. A total of 26 patients underwent endoscope combined with microscopic facial nerve microvascular decompression through retrolabyrinthine approach from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed in Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Among them, 9 were male and 17 were female, with a mean age of (51. Read More

Neurochem Int 2019 Apr 12;128:32-38. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20, Daiko-minami Higashi-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan. Electronic address:

In most mature neurons, low levels of intracellular Cl concentrations ([Cl]) are maintained by channels and transporters, particularly the K-Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which is the only Cl extruder in most neurons. Recent studies have implicated KCC2 expression in the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal disorders, such as spasticity, epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Alterations in KCC2 expression have been associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Read More

Neural Plast 2019 11;2019:3017678. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Limb spasms are phenomena of hyperreflexia that occur after spinal cord injury. Currently, the clinical treatment is less than ideal. Our goal is to develop a combination therapy based on individualized medicine to reduce spasticity after spinal cord injury. Read More

Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Institute of Rehabilitation, South Hospital-University Hospital Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France; University Hospital Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, 38000 Grenoble, France.

Background: The imputability of neutralizing antibodies (NABs) in secondary non-response (SnR) to botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections for limb spasticity is still debated.

Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to determine the prevalence of NABs after BoNT injections for limb spasticity and analyze their determinants and their causal role in SnR.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane and Embase databases for articles published during 1990-2018. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Apr 12:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

OBJECTIVEIntrathecal drug delivery devices (IDDDs) are a mainstay in the treatment of spasticity and refractory pain. While these devices have been shown to greatly improve the quality of life for patients, they also have a high perioperative complication and failure rate. A major complication of IDDD implantation is infection. Read More

Neurodiagn J 2019 Apr 12:1-2. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

b Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York.

Data Brief 2019 Jun 21;24:103840. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.

Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to progressive muscle pathologies in spastic Cerebral Palsy remains a challenging field of research. Furthermore, Botulinum Neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) is a frequent intervention to treat spasticity in CP but its effects on neuromuscular properties are not yet fully explored. High-density Electromyographic (HD-EMG) data have been collected before and after BoNT-A injections from children aged 5-15 years during isometric contractions of the ankle joint together with torque output, clinical assessments and demographic details. Read More

Gait Posture 2019 May 4;70:389-396. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre (ARRC), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Rehabiliation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.

Background: The mechanisms by which spasticity reductions after botulinum toxin A (BoNT) affect gait in stroke are not well understood. We systematically reviewed the effects of BoNT on spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic (EMG) measures during gait.

Question: What are the effects of botulinum toxin on gait mechanics in stroke patients?

Methods: Systematic search using PubMed and Web of Science. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 26;10:288. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

The aim of this trial was to compare the effect of movement-based mirror therapy (MMT) and task-based mirror therapy (TMT) on improving upper limb functions in patients with stroke. A total of 34 patients with sub-acute stroke with mildly to moderately impaired upper limb motor functions. The participants were randomly allocated to one of three groups: MMT, TMT, and conventional treatment (CT). Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2019 Mar;77(3):166-173

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil.

It is currently unknown how genetic factors may influence the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: We examined the impact of CIITA polymorphisms -168A/G (rs3087456) and +1614G/C (rs4774) on the risk of disability progression, severity and on responses to first-line immunomodulator treatments.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 22;10:272. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Spinal Cord Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.

Although several outcome measures are used to assess various areas of interest regarding spinal cord injuries (SCIs), little is known about the frequency of their use, and the ways in which they transform shared knowledge into implemented practices. Herein, 800 professionals from the International Spinal Cord Society, especially trained for caring in patients with SCI, were invited to respond to an Internet survey collecting information on the use of standardized measures in daily clinical practices. We asked both clinicians and researchers with different areas of interest about their use of functional outcome measures, and, in particular, which scales they habitually use to assess various aspects of clinical practice and rehabilitation. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2019 Mar-Apr;53(2):324-332

Department of Orthopaedics, B J Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Background: Fluorosis is an endemic disease of India which causes compressive cervical and/or dorsal myelopathy. This study aims to evaluate the role of surgical management in the crippling fluorosis along with evaluation of radiological imaging as screening/diagnosing tool for the disease.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 33 patients operated at tertiary care center having nontraumatic involvement of spinal cord affecting neurology with history, clinical and radiological features (Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament-, Ossified Ligamentum flavum) suggesting fluorosis as the cause of compression. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2019 Apr 8;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Spasticity and Movement Disorders "ReSTaRt" Unit, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Section, OORR Hospital, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.

Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has been shown effective for poststroke lower limb spasticity. Following injections, a wide range of multidisciplinary approach has been previously provided. The purpose of this pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was to determine whether BoNT-A combined with a regime of a four-week ankle isokinetic treatment has a positive effect on function and spasticity, compared with BoNT-A alone. Read More

Tokai J Exp Clin Med 2019 Apr 20;44(1):20-24. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, 1838 Ishikawa machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0032, Japan.

A 64-year-old man had spasticity of digits 3 and 4 of the right hand for 22 years following a stroke. Activities of daily living (ADL) were impaired due to the disuse of the right arm. The flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus muscles of digits 3 and 4 of the patient's right forearm were identified using ultrasound guidance, and botulinum toxin type A was selectively injected into those sites. Read More

Cerebellum 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the triad of early-onset cerebellar ataxia, peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, and lower limb spasticity. Here, we present a 28-year-old male patient with symptoms of ARSACS and mild intellectual disability from a consanguineous family of tribal J&K, India. Whole exome sequencing unraveled a novel homozygous frameshift SACS mutation (Cys2869ValfsTer15) in the patient. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Institute of Medical Genetics, Head of the Section "Clinical Genetics", Medical School of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Objective: Hereditary spastic paraplegia type-IV (HSP4) is the most common of the autosomal-dominant HSPs. Though urinary dysfunction is a frequent phenotypic feature, long-term pollakisuria as the initial manifestation of HSP4 has not been reported.

Case Report: The patient is a 56yo female with an uneventful history until age 46y, when she developed pollakisuria. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in genes that encode subunits of the branched‑chain α‑ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex. Impairment of the BCKD complex results in an abnormal accumulation of branched‑chain amino acids and their corresponding branched‑chain keto acids in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, which are neurovirulent and may become life‑threatening. An 11‑day‑old boy was admitted to the hospital with paroxysmal spasticity of lower extremities. Read More

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019 Mar 20;65:26-33. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Selective dorsal rhizotomy aims to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Early investigations indicated postoperative weakness, whereas more recent studies showed that selective dorsal rhizotomy either does not change or improves muscle strength. All previous studies assessed muscle strength in a static position, which did not represent the walking situation. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Paediatric Neurosciences, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Background: The evidence base to guide the pharmacological management of tone and abnormal movements in cerebral palsy (CP) is limited, as is an understanding of routine clinical practice in the UK. We aimed to establish details of motor phenotype and current pharmacological management of a representative cohort across a network of UK tertiary centres.

Methods: Prospective multicentre review of specialist motor disorder clinics at nine UK centres, collecting data on clinical features and pharmacological management of children and young people (CYP) with CP over a single calendar month. Read More

Assist Technol 2019 Apr 4:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

b Department of Health Sciences , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.

Electrical stimulation has been used for many years to treat spasticity in children with cerebral palsy and some improvements have been noted. Building on the benefits of electrical stimulation, a new assistive device, a suit with imbedded electrodes designed to reduce spasticity through electrical stimulation of the antagonistic muscles, has been tested.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe experiences from children with cerebral palsy and their parents regarding the use of the suit. Read More

J Physiol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Front Neurosci 2019 19;13:253. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States.

Intradural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may offer significant therapeutic benefits for those with intractable axial and extremity pain, visceral pain, spasticity, autonomic dysfunction and related disorders. A novel intradural electrical stimulation device, limited by the boundaries of the thecal sac, CSF and spinal cord was developed to test this hypothesis. In order to optimize device function, we have explored finite element modeling (FEM). Read More

J Spinal Cord Med 2019 Apr 2:1-6. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

b Department of Biostatistics , Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems , Richmond , Virginia , USA.

Context/Objectives: To describe demographics, clinical characteristics, and functional outcomes of patients with incomplete spinal cord injuries and posterior cord syndrome (PCS).

Design: Five-year retrospective case series.

Setting: Spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation unit at a Level 1 tertiary university medical center. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):496-499

Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy.

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) was first described by De Vivo in 1991, and the classic clinical manifestations include infantile epilepsy, developmental delay, and acquired microcephaly. A neurological complex disorder including elements of hypotonia, spasticity, ataxia, and dystonia can frequently be present. GLUT1-DS is an inborn error of metabolism caused by impaired glucose transport through blood-brain barrier in the majority of patients because of mutation of solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter) member 1 gene (), encoding the transporter protein. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Oct-Dec;13(4):443-447

Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Botulinum toxin A is established as an effective treatment to reduce spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP). But very little data are available regarding the techniques of administration. Hence, this study was conducted to compare administration of botulinum toxin with and without ultrasound. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Complex Motor Disorders Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, UK.

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Mar 30. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of therapeutic ultrasound (US) and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) in the treatment of plantar flexor spasticity after stroke.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 32 patients (age range 42-78 years; male 19) with stroke were randomly divided into two groups: The US group (n = 16) received the continuous ultrasound, intensity 1.5 w/cm, frequency 1MHz, and duration 10 minutes. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.

Aim: We aimed at describing clinical findings in children with dyskinetic as compared to bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Data was extracted from the Danish nationwide CP register. Participants were born in 1999-2007 and were 5-6 years at ascertainment. Read More

Int J Rehabil Res 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

Robot-assisted therapy is an effective treatment for stroke patients and has recently gained popularity. Clinicians and researchers are trying to identify predictors to stratify patients for ensuring better stroke rehabilitation outcomes. However, previous studies have reported controversial results regarding the predictors of upper limb recovery after robot-assisted therapy. Read More

J Rehabil Med 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kocaeli University School of Medicine, 41320 Kocaeli, Turkey.

Objectives: To determine whether switching from onabotulinumtoxinA to abobotulinumtoxinA in children with cerebral palsy is safe and whether therapeutic efficacy is maintained.

Methods: This retrospective observational study of routine care included 118 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 81.4 months (standard deviation; SD 38. Read More

Am J Hum Genet 2019 Apr 28;104(4):767-773. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Electronic address:

The diagnostic gap for rare neurodegenerative diseases is still considerable, despite continuous advances in gene identification. Many novel Mendelian genes have only been identified in a few families worldwide. Here we report the identification of an autosomal-dominant gene for hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in 10 families that are of diverse geographic origin and whose affected members all carry unique truncating changes in a circumscript region of UBAP1 (ubiquitin-associated protein 1). Read More

Disabil Rehabil 2019 Mar 31:1-8. Epub 2019 Mar 31.

a Department of Rehabilitation , St Vincent's Hospital Sydney , Sydney , Australia.

Purpose: Post-stroke spasticity can impair motor function and may cause pain, limb deformity, contracture, and difficulties with limb care. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and burden of post-stroke upper-limb spasticity among nursing home residents.

Materials And Methods: A multisite, cross-sectional study was conducted across three nursing home facilities. Read More

Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019 Mar 19;63:201-206. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, São Carlos, Brazil.

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have difficulty with activities that require the upper extremities secondary to deficits in strength and range of motion, spasticity, and poor timing and coordination of movement. This study aimed to identify and compare timing and coordination of the trunk and upper extremity in children with and without CP during a functional task.

Methods: Eighteen children, N = 9 with CP and N = 9 with typical development were enrolled. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.

Objective: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience functional limitations because of excessive muscle weakness, spasticity, and impaired motor control. They are prescribed ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) to assist with ambulation. Our objective was to analyze stride length and dorsiflexion data comparing the effectiveness of "AFOs" with "barefoot or shoes only" on ambulatory children with CP. Read More

J Physiol 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.

Pediatrics 2019 Apr;143(4)

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland;

Context: Multilevel surgery (MLS) is standard care for reducing musculoskeletal disorders among children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Objective: To summarize the literature examining effects of MLS and satisfaction with MLS for children with CP.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched. Read More

Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019 Mar 27:1545968319836233. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

3 Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Background: Recent evidence from both monkey and human studies suggests that the reticulospinal tract may contribute to recovery of arm and hand function after stroke. In this study, we evaluated a marker of reticulospinal output in stroke survivors with varying degrees of motor recovery.

Methods: We recruited 95 consecutive stroke patients presenting 6 months to 12 years after their index stroke, and 19 heathy control subjects. Read More

Somatosens Mot Res 2019 Mar 26:1-7. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

c Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological method used to reduce spasticity. It was also assumed that TENS reduces pain and therefore improves limb function. Most of the previous studies about the effect of TENS were done in the lower limb and in stroke patients. Read More

Mov Disord 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.

The term "cerebral palsy mimic" is used to describe a number of neurogenetic disorders that may present with motor symptoms in early childhood, resulting in a misdiagnosis of cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy describes a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of motor symptoms (including hypotonia, spasticity, dystonia, and chorea), often accompanied by developmental delay. The primary etiology of a cerebral palsy syndrome should always be identified if possible. Read More

Lancet Neurol 2019 May 22;18(5):504-512. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome, Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research and IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.

In the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for neurological disorders such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, pain, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabis-based treatments for pain and spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis have been approved in some countries. Randomised controlled trials of plant-derived cannabidiol for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, two severe childhood-onset epilepsies, provide evidence of anti-seizure effects. Read More

Dev Med Child Neurol 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.