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J Periodontol 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S74-S84

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

J Clin Periodontol 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S68-S77

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 Jun 18. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas da, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.

The Notch signaling pathway participates in several cellular functional aspects. This signaling has an important role in targeting both DC maturation and DC-mediated T cell responses. Thus, it is essential to investigate the influence of this signaling pathway in the role played by DCs in the pathogenesis of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. Read More

Int J Pharm 2018 Jun 5. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis endemic in Latin America, caused by Paracoccidioides spp. The number of antifungal agents is restricted and the search for new compounds has increased. Additionally, nanostructured lipid system (NLS) appears to be an interesting strategy to carrier compounds for the treatment of mycosis. Read More

Case Rep Otolaryngol 2018 18;2018:1524150. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Mário Gatti Municipal Hospital, Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection initially described in Brazil in 1908 by Adolfo Lutz. Manifestation of this disease depends on numerous factors, such as microorganism virulence, hormonal profile, genetic predisposition, nutrition, and immune system. It is characterized classically by cutaneous lesions, lymphadenopathy, and pulmonary involvement. Read More

Microb Pathog 2018 May 24. Epub 2018 May 24.

Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, 30150240 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a chronic mycosis caused by the saprobic and dimorphic species Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii. This disease is prevalent in Latin American countries. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 May 23. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva 700, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected tropical fungal infection with great predilection for adult men, indicating the participation of female hormone estrogen in preventing paracoccidioidomycosis development in women. Estrogen has an immunologic effect leading to polarization toward the Th2 immune response, which favors the disease evolution.

Objectives: To evaluate estrogen and progesterone receptors in oral paracoccidioidomycosis lesions and to verify any association with tissue fungi counting in women and men. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

Centro Avançado de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Front Microbiol 2018 4;9:867. Epub 2018 May 4.

Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.

Infections caused by fungi are prominent in our environment and can be potentially fatal. paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), caused by fungi of the genus, is the most frequent systemic mycosis in Brazil and the main cause of death among immunocompetent individuals. The antifungal therapy for PCM is usually effective but side effects and relapses are often reported. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018 Mar-Apr;51(2):249-252

Ambulatório de Reumatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease in Latin America that is rarely associated with immunosuppression and biological therapy. Herein, we report for the first time a case of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis reactivation after infliximab treatment. A 47-year-old man from Brazil received infliximab to treat psoriatic spondyloarthropathy and presented with cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and fever. Read More

J Infect 2018 May 7. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí (FMJ), Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objectives: To investigate the involvement of NLRP3 in the effector functions of human dendritic cells (DCs) in response to Paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells (Pb) and to evaluate its role in the modulation of the adaptive immune response.

Methods: DCs were differentiated from purified peripheral blood monocytes and analyzed in relation to the participation of TLR-2, dectin-1, and Syk in Pb recognition, as well as, the indirect mechanisms (Reactive Oxygen Species production, endosome acidification, or K efflux) involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation after the stimulus with Pb. Additionally, we analyzed the role of NLRP3 in the activation of T cells. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 May 7;72:20-21. Epub 2018 May 7.

Clínica Médicos de Alta Complejidad del Caribe, Valledupar, Colombia.

Mycopathologia 2018 May 8. Epub 2018 May 8.

Hospital of Clinics of Ribeirão Preto, Division of Dermatology of Internal Medicine Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

We discuss the sarcoid-like clinical presentation, a rare type of infiltrative paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) that is almost exclusively cutaneous, involves the face and histologically has a tuberculoid granulomatous pattern with few fungi. It is often misdiagnosed. In endemic regions of Brazil, PCM is more common among men from rural areas, while women of a reproductive age appear to be protected. Read More

Microbiol Immunol 2018 May 7. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. Rod. Celso Garcia Cid (PR 445), km 380 - Campus Universitário. Zip Code 86.057-970.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by thermodimorfic fungi of Paracoccidioides species complex. Several pathogenic fungi produce hemagglutinins and hemolysins, which are virulence factors involved in adhesion of pathogens to host tissues or cells and in destruction of erythrocytes. The present research investigated hemolytic and hemagglutinating activities of yeast cells and soluble components from P. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Apr 30;12(1):108. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Laboratory, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, João Lopes Vieira Street, no 108, 61, Tower 2, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13087-734, Brazil.

Background: Differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease is often very challenging. Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease that can mimic manifestations of Crohn's disease.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 13-year-old Caucasian boy with abdominal pain for 1. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Apr 24;4(2). Epub 2018 Apr 24.

The Natonal Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and The University of Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.

The number of fungal infections at any given time in Argentina is not known. Here we estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Argentina for the first time. Specific population statistics were searched from multiple sources, local literature was identified, and estimates made. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 Jun;43(6):476

Eur J Radiol 2018 Jun 31;103:147-162. Epub 2018 Mar 31.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - HUCAM/UFES/EBSERH, Vitória ES, Brazil. Electronic address:

Paracoccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease characterized primarily by pulmonary involvement and potential dissemination to other organs, mainly mucosa and skin; however, it can affect any organ in the body. Although difficult to diagnose purely based on imaging, imaging is important for diagnosis, follow-up, and assessment of disease-related complications. We provide a comprehensive review of the most notable imaging findings of paracoccidioidomycosis. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Apr 17. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

Medical Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the expansion over time and the geographical distribution of confirmed Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) and PCM cases, and relate it to environmental characteristics such as climate, soil types and coffee crops. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports between 1951 and 2014 from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Southern Brazil. Read More

Mult Scler 2018 Jun 13;24(7):1002-1004. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Natalizumab (NTZ) is a monoclonal antibody with an immunosuppressive effect that reduces the inflammation of the central nervous system, and it has been used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). In patients with low cellular immune response, systemic mycosis arising from endemic areas may occur.

Results And Conclusion: In this article, we will describe a case of paracoccidioidomycosis as a complication to treatment with NTZ in an RRMS patient. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2018 May 31;151:248-260. Epub 2018 Mar 31.

Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address:

In the search for new antifungal agents, a novel series of fifteen hydrazine-thiazole derivatives was synthesized and assayed in vitro against six clinically important Candida and Cryptococcus species and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Eight compounds showed promising antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.45 to 31. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 20;9:464. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which have been extensively studied in the context of the immune response to viruses, have recently been implicated in host defense mechanisms against fungal infections. Nevertheless, the involvement of human pDCs during paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a fungal infection endemic to Latin America, has been scarcely studied. However, pDCs were found in the cutaneous lesions of PCM patients, and in pulmonary model of murine PCM these cells were shown to control disease severity. Read More

Dis Aquat Organ 2018 Mar;128(1):1-12

The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York 10016, USA.

Lobomycosis and lobomycosis-like diseases (LLD) (also: paracoccidioidomycosis) are chronic cutaneous infections that affect Delphinidae in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In the Americas, these diseases have been relatively well-described, but gaps still exist in our understanding of their distribution across the continent. Here we report on LLD affecting inshore bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the Caribbean waters of Belize and from the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean off the southwestern coast of Mexico. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Mar 18;4(1). Epub 2018 Mar 18.

National Aspergillosis Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital and The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.

We aimed to estimate for the first time the burden of fungal infections in Uruguay. Data on population characteristics and underlying conditions were extracted from the National Statistics Institute, the World Bank, national registries, and published articles. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate frequencies extrapolating from the literature. Read More

Braz J Infect Dis 2018 Mar - Apr;22(2):155-156. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Departamento de Radiologia. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Prof. Rodolfo Paulo Rocco, n° 255 - Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão - CEP: 219.419-13. Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil. Electronic address:

Int J Biol Macromol 2018 Jul 6;113:1214-1220. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address:

A critical step in the lifecycle of many fungal pathogens is the ability to switch between filamentous and yeast growth, a process known as dimorphism. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) controls morphological changes and the pathogenicity of several animal and plant pathogenic fungi. In this work, we report the analysis of PKA activity during the mycelium to yeast transition in the pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides lutzii. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2018 May;43(5):305-310

Objective: The evaluation of therapy response of patients with deep mycosis is a major challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the severity of disease at admission and evaluate treatment response of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis using Ga scintigraphy.

Subjects And Methods: Seventy-three patients with fully active disease were enrolled. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018 Jan-Feb;51(1):111-114

Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

The authors report the first case of fatal septic shock, a rare clinical presentation of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis S1. We also provide an immunological evaluation of the patient. Severe clinical signs such as organ dysfunction and digital gangrene occurred in this case. Read More

Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018 Feb 27. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, Sa[Combining Tilde]o Paulo, Brazil.

Secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT) is a novel activated human T-cell-secreted cytokine that induce osteoclastogenesis in a RANKL-independent manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SOFAT in intraosseous and extraosseous lesions. Thirty-two oral biopsies were divided into 2 groups: (1) intraosseous lesions-4 cases of cherubism, 5 central giant cell lesions, 3 osteoblastomas, 3 cementoblastomas, 2 periapical lesions and (2) extraosseous lesions-5 peripheral giant cell lesions, 5 cases of oral paracoccidioidomycosis, and 5 foreign body reactions. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 Feb 16. Epub 2018 Feb 16.

Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology Areas, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13.414-903, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a common deep fungus infection in South America, particularly in Brazil. It is acquired through inhalation and primary involvement of lungs. Subsequently, dissemination may occur and oral mucosa is frequently affected and actually, in most of the cases the diagnosis is established because of the oral lesions. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 02 15;12(2):e0006245. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Tropical Medicine Unit, Infectious Diseases Department. PROSICS Barcelona (International Health Program of the Catalan Health Institute), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Endemic mycoses are systemic fungal infections. Histoplasmosis is endemic in all temperate areas of the world; coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are only present in the American continent. These pathogens are not present in Spain, but in the last years there has been an increase of reported cases due to migration and temporary movements. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Jul;56(5):531-540

Tropical Diseases Department, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Campus Botucatu, Brazil.

A prospective study was performed in 200 paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) patients, 51 presenting the acute/subacute form (AF) and 149 the chronic form (CF), submitted to the evaluation of the hepatobiliary system at admission and during the follow-up treatment with cotrimoxazole (CMX) or itraconazole (ITC). This study aimed to better evaluate the involvement of the hepatobiliary system in PCM and the effect of these antifungal compounds on this system. Serum levels of direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were evaluated. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Jul;56(5):579-590

School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Itraconazole (ITC) is the drug of choice for treating paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM); nonetheless, patients with the chronic form of this mycosis develop fibrosis, a residual pulmonary abnormality, even after treatment. Recently, we observed that the depletion of neutrophils with a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb-anti-Ly6G) during the chronic stages of PCM was associated with a decrease in the fungal burden, the inflammatory response and a reduction of fibrosis. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the effect of ITC in combination with the mAb-anti-Ly6G in an experimental model of pulmonary PCM. Read More

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018 Mar;113(3):167-172

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatologia Infecciosa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America and the leading fungal cause of mortality in non-immunosuppressed individuals in Brazil. However, HIV/PCM co-infection can increase the clinical severity in these co-infected patients. This co-infection is rarely reported in the literature mainly because of the different epidemiological profiles of these infections. Read More

FEMS Yeast Res 2018 Mar;18(2)

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is the agent of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a cause of disease in healthy and immunocompromised persons in Latin America. The infection begins after inhalation of the fungal propagules and their thermo-dimorphic shift to yeast form. The development of the disease depends on factors associated with the host immune response and the infectious agent's characteristics, especially virulence. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Apr 1;98(4):1082-1085. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies Unit #56, Medical School and Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

Negative results in serological routine screening of patients with microbiologically proven Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) are occasionally reported. Failure in detecting anti- antibodies has been ascribed to factors either related to serological techniques or to the status of the host immune reactivity. Recently, this issue has been renewed by the recognition that the genera comprises two species, and , which have distinct antigenic profiles and, therefore, may elicit different host antibody responses. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2017 Jan 3;3(1). Epub 2017 Jan 3.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease occurring in Latin America and more prevalent in South America. The disease is caused by the dimorphic fungus spp. whose major hosts are humans and armadillos. Read More

Pathog Dis 2018 02;76(1)

Laboratório de Micologia Clínica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection affecting mainly Latin American countries that is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. During the study of fungal pathogenesis, in vivo studies are crucial to understand the overall mechanisms involving the infection as well as to search for new therapeutic treatments and diagnosis. Caenorhabditis elegans is described as an infection model for different fungi species and a well-characterized organism to study the innate immune response. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Jan 13. Epub 2018 Jan 13.

Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina.

Argentina has two endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Bordering Paraguay and Brazil, Northeast Argentina (NEA) comprises the area with the highest incidence where the chronic adult clinical form has historically been reported. Juvenile form in children and adolescents is rare in this area since only one case was reported in the last 10 years. Read More

Radiol Bras 2017 Nov-Dec;50(6):378-382

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.

Objective: To evaluate SPECT/CT with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues (RSAs) in systemic granulomatous infections in comparison with gallium-67 (Ga) citrate scintigraphy.

Materials And Methods: We studied 28 patients with active systemic granulomatous infections, including tuberculosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, pneumocystosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, leishmaniasis, infectious vasculitis, and an unspecified opportunistic infection. Of the 28 patients, 23 had started specific treatment before the study outset. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Apr 23;61(4):237-244. Epub 2018 Jan 23.

Medical Patology Departament, Medicine School, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis prevalent among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the frequency, demographics and clinical characteristics of central nervous system PCM (NPCM) and PCM in an endemic region, and the impact of human immunosuppression virus (HIV) co-infection. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, UFPR, Curitiba, Southern Brazil, between 1951 and 2014. Read More

Med Mycol 2017 Dec 14. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

Microbiology School, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin Colombia.

Several studies have shown the potential use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a therapeutic approach to infectious diseases. Since BM-MSCs can exert antimicrobial properties and influence the immune response against pathogens, our aim was to study the antimicrobial therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs in an experimental model of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). BM-MSCs were isolated from BALB/c donor mice. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2018 04 3;65(2):585-587. Epub 2017 Dec 3.

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Open Microbiol J 2017 31;11:224-282. Epub 2017 Oct 31.

Department of Tropical Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - São Paulo State University - UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: This review article summarizes and updates the knowledge on paracoccidioidomycosis. and the cryptic species of and their geographical distribution in Latin America, explaining the difficulties observed in the serological diagnosis.

Objectives: Emphasis has been placed on some genetic factors as predisposing condition for paracoccidioidomycosis. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 Dec;97(6):1635

Infectious Diseases Section, University of Antioquia School of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia.

Front Immunol 2017 13;8:1522. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Resistance to primary fungal pathogens is usually attributed to the proinflammatory mechanisms of immunity conferred by interferon-γ activation of phagocytes that control microbial growth, whereas susceptibility is attributed to anti-inflammatory responses that deactivate immunity. This study challenges this paradigm by demonstrating that resistance to a primary fungal pathogen such as can be mediated by disease tolerance, a mechanism that preserves host fitness instead of pathogen clearance. Among the mechanisms of disease tolerance described, a crucial role has been ascribed to the enzyme indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) that concomitantly controls pathogen growth by limiting tryptophan availability and reduces tissue damage by decreasing the inflammatory process. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2017 Sep-Oct;92(5):642-648

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medical Clinics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP) - Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is distributed worldwide, including Brazil. Its several clinical forms need to be distinguished from other dermatoses. Clinical similarities and lack of a gold standard diagnostic tool make leishmaniasis-like lesions a challenging diagnosis. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 Jun 20;183(3):495-498. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Laboratories of Medical Investigation Units #53 and #56, Medical School and Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Two distinct patterns of immune recovery inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) are recognized, paradoxical and unmasking IRIS. Here we raise some concerns regarding the first case of neuroPCM-IRIS published to date, as recently proposed by Almeida and Roza (Mycopathologia 177:137-141, 2017) for a patient originally described by Silva-Vergara et al. (Mycopathologia 182:393-396, 2014), taking in account the different case definitions for IRIS and the cases of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis already described in the literature. Read More

Med Mycol Case Rep 2018 Mar 25;19:6-8. Epub 2017 Sep 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29043-900, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease caused by Paracoccidioides spp., which can cause a systemic granulomatous infection with tegumentary and visceral involvement. Sarcoid-like skin lesions are uncommon and can be misdiagnosed due to similarities with erythematous infiltrated plaques on her face that was treated for leprosy and rosacea with no response and was later diagnosed with PCM, presenting positive serology for Paracoccidioides lutzii. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2017 Nov 16. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Department of Clinical Dentistry, Espírito Santo Federal University, Vitória, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent endemic systemic fungal infection in Latin America. In Brazil, it stands out as the eighth-highest cause of mortality among chronic or recurrent infections and has the highest mortality rate among systemic mycoses. Oral mucosal lesions may be the first visible physical manifestation of the disease. Read More