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Head Neck Pathol 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Atlanta Oral Pathology, Emory Decatur Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, 2701 N. Decatur Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.

White lesions of the oral cavity are quite common and can have a variety of etiologies, both benign and malignant. Although the vast majority of publications focus on leukoplakia and other potentially malignant lesions, most oral lesions that appear white are benign. This review will focus exclusively on reactive white oral lesions. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018 Sep-Dec;22(3):413-414

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Oral cancer burden poses a major challenge in India. Oral cancer in the majority of instances arises from preexisting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Early detection of OPMD and elimination of primary risk factors such as smokeless and smoking tobacco help in reduction of oral cancer. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Jan 9;16(2). Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental & Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is one of the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) that exists widely in smoke and smokeless tobacco products. NNN can induce tumors in various laboratory animal models and has been identified by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a human carcinogen. Metabolic activation of NNN is primarily initiated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) via 2'-hydroxylation or 5'-hydroxylation. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2018 Jul;148(1):35-40

WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer; King's College London, London, UK.

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use has many oral effects including oral cancer, leukoplakia and erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis (if mixed with areca nut), loss of periodontal support (recession) and staining of teeth and composite restorations. This review was aimed to provide information to identify oral lesions that occur due to the use of smokeless tobacco so that effective interventions can be undertaken to reduce morbidity and mortality from the use of SLT. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018 Aug 24;19(8):2165-2170. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Email:

Objective: Globally oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers with prevalence being high in Central and South East Asian countries. This survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of oral pre-malignant lesions (OPML) and to identify their risk factors. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 2033 individuals aged ≥18 years. Read More

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2018 Jul-Aug;8(4):339-342. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Periodontology, Himachal Dental College and Hospital, Sundar-Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Aims And Objectives: Nicotine absorption through the mucous membrane is directly proportional to pH, so the snuff is buffered to pH of 8-9 by adding sodium carbonate. The objective of the present study is to assess the impact of various forms of sodium carbonate in snuff on mucosal conditions.

Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 participants. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 May;28(5):381-385

Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi.

In Pakistan, extensive use of several precarious chewable tobacco formulations has made oral cancer the second leading malignancy. Selection of literature was done by a survey of studies published from 1990 to 2017 mainly, from PUBMED and few from other search engines, on naswar, gutka, areca nut and betel quid, which included published reviews, original articles and other data sources on chewable tobacco, its epidemiology, pathological implications, and psychological effects. These studies have revealed that the chemicals in these formulations bind and mutate DNA of oral mucosa through down regulating cellular repair pathways and upregulating genetic networks associated with pathogenesis. Read More

J Investig Clin Dent 2018 May 26;9(2):e12305. Epub 2017 Nov 26.

Department of Oral Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of white oral mucosal lesions among Yemeni adults; in particular, those who chew khat and tobacco.

Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 1052 dental patients aged 15 years and older. A detailed oral examination was performed by a single examiner in accordance with standard international criteria. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2017 Jul-Sep;13(3):576-579

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India.

Introduction: Chewing tobacco, smoking, and consumption of alcoholic beverages have become common social habits in India. No study has been conducted so far in this part of Bihar regarding the prevalence of tobacco. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use, its influences, triggers, and associated oral lesions. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2017 Aug 1;18(8):722-727. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Department of Oral Pathology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India.

Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the six most common cancers in the world, and globally more than 50% of head and neck cancers occur in Asia, remarkably in India. Overall, 200,000 cases of head and neck cancers occur each year in India, among which 80,000 are oral cancers. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest a causative role of tobacco use in the evolution of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2017 Aug 1;18(8):695-699. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kannur Dental College, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Aim: The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and associated oral mucosal lesions among construction workers of Cochin, Kerala, India.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried at various construction sites of Cochin and 2,163 workers were selected using multistage sampling method and were interviewed and examined. Information regarding demographic details, form, type, frequency of tobacco use, earlier attempt to quit, and willingness to quit tobacco use was obtained using predesigned questionnaire. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2017 Apr-Jun;13(2):230-234

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Objective: To determine the patterns of tobacco usage among subjects with potentially malignant oral lesions or conditions through a comparative study design.

Methods: The study was carried out in a span of 2 months on a sample of 120 subjects; 60 in case group (30 subjects with leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis [OSMF], respectively) and 60 subjects in control group (30 current smokers and current chewers, respectively), attending the tobacco cessation clinic at a private dental college hospital in Chennai city. Demographic data, details of tobacco usage, and Fagerstrom nicotine dependence scores (FNTD) were recorded in a prevalidated tobacco cessation intake form. Read More

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017 Aug 16;88:338-348. Epub 2017 Jun 16.

Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vinča, Serbia. Electronic address:

To support risk management decisions, information from different fields has been integrated in this presentation to provide a realistic quantitative cancer risk assessment of smokeless tobacco. Smoking among Swedish men is currently below 10%, while about 20% use a special smokeless tobacco (snus) as a substitute for cigarettes. Epidemiological data and molecular biomarkers demonstrate that rodent bioassays with tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) overestimate cancer risk from snus by more than one order of magnitude. Read More

Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2016 Jul-Dec;7(2):173-177

Department of Statics, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Oral cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer reported globally which includes lip, tongue, mouth, and throat. Developing countries face several challenges to identify and remove potential risk factors. Chewing tobacco/pan masala is considered to be the most potential risk factor for oral precancerous lesions and oral cancer. Read More

Am J Epidemiol 2017 04;185(7):538-545

Few studies have investigated the associations between use of Swedish moist snuff (snus), associated poor oral health, and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). We followed 20,175 participants who were free of PD in 1973-1974 in Uppsala, Sweden, until the end of 2012. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for the associations between tobacco use, oral health indicators, and PD risk. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2017 Mar;67(3):350-354

Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, USA.

Objective: To compare prevalence and carriage of Candida species among gutka-chewers and betel-quid-chewers.

Methods: The cross-sectional case-control study was conducted between January and December, 2015 at the Oral Surgery department of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and the Dental department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, and comprised oral yeast samples of gutka-chewers, betel-quid-chewers, and non-chewers. A standardised questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and oral hygiene maintenance information. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2017 Mar 1;18(3):218-221. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Medical & Rural Development Foundation's Dental College & Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Mishri is one of the form of smokeless tobacco, which is a roasted, powdered preparation made by baking tobacco on a hot metal plate until it is uniformly black, after which it is powdered. It is noted that mishri use is more commonly used by the women of low socioeconomic status, hence the need was felt to conduct this study among women mishri users of slums. Also, the consequences of mishri use are little known, hence an effort is made to find out its ill-effect on oral health. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2016 Nov-Dec;27(6):602-608

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Statement Of Problem: Salivary and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels have been correlated with potentially malignant lesions. Salivary LDH levels require special testing and can be expensive. The need for a simple and cost-effective analysis tool is essential to detect the oral malignant lesions to benefit rural populations. Read More

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016 Sep-Dec;6(3):179-186. Epub 2016 May 4.

Biostatistics, Nayati Healthcare and Research Centre, Block 3A, 3rd Floor, DLF Corporate Park, DLF City, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India.

Background: Head and neck cancer in Indian perspective predominantly relates to tobacco use. The present study explores the prevalence of oral ulcers and its association with addictions among the population of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, India.

Methodology: The screening method in early detection of head and neck cancer is broadly symptom based. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2016 Sep 1;17(9):745-749. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Department of Periodontics, Royal Dental College, Palakkad Kerala, India.

Introduction: Fishing is an occupation associated with uneven diet, strain, drunkenness, tobacco use, and deleterious habits. The physical state of laborers on a large scale will also be influenced by conditions at their work site. Oral mucosal lesions can occur as a result of infections, local shock or infuriation, systemic diseases, and uncontrolled usage of tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2016 Sep 1;17(9):740-744. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2016 Jul-Aug;27(4):405-409

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manubhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Background: Oral cancer is a major health problem in tobacco users worldwide and is one of the ten most common cancers. India alone accounts for 1/3 rd of the world's oral cancer and has a high rate of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). The most common predisposing factors are smoking, smokeless tobacco, betel nut in quid form (pan), alcohol, spicy food, and sharp broken tooth. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016 Sep;26(9):775-80

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is associated with many heath hazards including oral cancer. Its use is more common in South Asian countries. The current paper aims to systematically review the South Asian studies to assess the association of SLT and oral cancer. Read More

Swiss Dent J 2016 ;126(9):799-811

Klinik für Parodontologie, Zahnmedizinische Kliniken der Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Swedish snus (smokeless moist tobacco) is becoming increasingly popular in Switzerland. Consumption and import of snus are permitted in Switzerland, however, sales were prohibited in 2004 by the European Court. Snus is an addictive nicotine containing product, which additionally contains carcinogenic nitrosamines. Read More

PLoS One 2016 9;11(9):e0162081. Epub 2016 Sep 9.

University of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar.

This study aims to describe betel quid chewing practice and compare oral potentially malignant disorders between chewers and non-chewers of betel quid among residents in Dagon Myothit (East) Township, Myanmar. The study used a cross-sectional design conducted with a representative sample of 542 adults aged 18 years and above in the township. The trained interviewers collected data using a pretested structured questionnaire. Read More

Syst Rev 2016 08 24;5(1):142. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-(BIPS), Achterstrasse 30, 28359, Bremen, Germany.

Introduction: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are chronic lesions or conditions characterized by a potential for malignant transformation. Apart from being possible pre-cursors to oral cancer, OPMDs themselves are usually painful and debilitating conditions having an influence on the quality of life, both in terms of pain and social disability. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is considered a major risk factor for OPMDs. Read More

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2016 Jan-Mar;28(1):164-7

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), six million deaths are attributable to tobacco use globally, of which nearly 1.2 million occur in South-East Asia. Use of smokeless tobacco is highly prevalent in subcontinent and is home to over 250 million smokeless tobacco (ST) users. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016 May;26(5):403-7

Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India.

Objective: To assess the frequency of adverse addictive habits, specially alcohol and tobacco usage, among police personnel of Bhopal City, Central India and its association with the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and periodontal diseases.

Study Design: Across-sectional analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Bhopal City, Capital of Madhya Pradesh State, Central India, from February to April 2013. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2016 Jan-Apr;20(1):106-10

Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India.

The incidence of oral cancer remains high and is associated with many deaths in both Western and Asian countries. Several risk factors for the development of oral cancer are now well known, including smoking, drinking and consumption of smokeless tobacco products. Genetic predisposition to oral cancer has been found in certain cases, but its components are not yet entirely clear. Read More

Indian J Cancer 2016 Jan-Mar;53(1):206-9

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: Controversy surrounds regarding the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral precancerous and cancerous lesions in India where smokeless, tobacco consumption is rampant.

Aims: The present study was carried out with an aim to investigate the presence and type of HPV infection in oropharyngeal leukoplakia and to determine the association of HPV positivity with various patient and lesion characteristics.

Settings And Design: Prospective case series. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2016 Jan-Mar;12(1):228-31

Department of Oral Pathology, Yogita Dental College and Hospital, Khed, Maharashtra, India.

Aims And Objectives: The present study was taken up to evaluate the AgNOR counts in the buccal mucosa cells of gutkha chewers and compare that with the sex-matched controls.

Materials And Methods: In all, 100 gutkha chewers and 50 sex-matched non-chewers (controls) were chosen. None of the patients in both groups had any clinical oral lesions or systemic diseases. Read More

J Clin Exp Dent 2016 Apr 1;8(2):e172-7. Epub 2016 Apr 1.

Post graduate student, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu dental college, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: To study the various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions among the patients attending Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram.

Material And Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 450 patients who were divided into three groups based upon type of tobacco use, as Group-1 Reverse smoking, Group-2 Conventional smoking, Group-3 Smokeless tobacco group and each group consists of 150 subjects.

Results: Reverse smoking was observed to be more prevalent among old females with smoker's palate and carcinomatous lesions being the most common. Read More

J Nat Sci Biol Med 2016 Jan-Jun;7(1):33-8

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, KIMSDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India.

Context: The assessment of micronuclei (MN) in exfoliated oral epithelial cells is a promising tool for the study of epithelial carcinogens and can be used to detect chromosome breakage or mitotic interference, thought to be relevant to carcinogenesis.

Aims: To detect MN in exfoliated oral mucosal cells in individuals using various tobacco forms and also to detect frequency of MN in premalignant lesions and conditions (potentially malignant diseases [PMD's]) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To correlate frequency of MN in oral exfoliated cells in clinically diagnosed cases of OSCC followed by a histopathological grading. Read More

Iran J Cancer Prev 2015 Dec 23;8(6):e3876. Epub 2015 Dec 23.

Academy of Medical Sciences, Community Medicine, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Kannur, India.

Background: Kerala is a highly urbanized state in India and interstate migrant laborers working there forms a marginalized community. It was generally perceived that use of tobacco and alcohol was high among the workers, but there are no epidemiological studies assessing the actual burden.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of use of tobacco and also the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions associated with such use consumption among the adult male interstate migrant workers in North Kerala. Read More

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016 Apr 28;76:94-101. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Vinča, Belgrade, Serbia.

The aim of this study was to identify palatable additives which have a significant protective action against soft tissue changes in the oral cavity caused by Swedish smokeless tobacco ("snus"), and that satisfy existing legal requirements. Although the cancer risk from snus is extremely low, long term use may result in highly undesirable keratotic lesions and associated epithelial abnormalities in the oral cavity. The rat forestomach, which is vulnerable to the irritative action of non-genotoxic compounds like butylated hydroxyanisole, propionic acid as well as snus, was chosen as an experimental model. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015 ;16(18):8365-70

Community Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia E-mail :

Background: Shammah is a traditional form of snuff dipping tobacco (a smokeless tobacco form) that is commonly used in Yemen. Oral mucosal changes due to the use of shammah can usually be observed in the mucosal surfaces that the product touches. The aim of this study was to determine the association between shammah use and oral leukoplakia-like lesions. Read More

Przegl Lek 2016;73(7):516-9

Tobacco is the most popular overused substance in the world. There are two types of tobacco products: smoke and smokeless ones. The aim of this article is to explain the impact of tobacco on mucosa and describe the most common diseases of oral cavity among the tobacco users. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2016 Mar 25;63:53-65. Epub 2015 Nov 25.

School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are relatively poorly understood and remain a subject of significant importance. However, it is well established that OSCC is associated with a variety of risk factors and notably, the high incidence rates of OSCC found in developing countries are attributable to exposure to different forms of smokeless tobacco. Despite this, the way these factors contribute to the disease pathogenesis and, in particular, the transformation from oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) to primary tumor remains unknown. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2015 Sep-Oct;26(5):537-41

Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Radiology, M S Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Context: The increasing use of chewing tobacco (CT) in the last 10-12 years has led to an increased incidence of potentially malignant oral disorders and frank oral malignancies.

Aim: To determine the frequency of oral mucosal lesions and to correlate the dose-response relationship among CT users of Bengaluru North province.

Settings And Design: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomized cluster sample of adults in low-income group (slums), of Bengaluru North, Karnataka state, India. Read More

Indian J Dent Res 2015 Sep-Oct;26(5):483-7

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Context: Palm prints formed once does not change throughout life and is not influenced by environment. Palmar Dermatoglyphics can indicate the development of potentially malignant and malignant lesions and help in identifying persons at high risk of developing Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC).

Aim: To analyze the qualitative [finger ridge pattern and presence or absence of hypothenar pattern] and quantitative [mean ATD angle and total AB ridge count] variations in Palmar Dermatoglyphics in patients suffering from OSMF and OSCC. Read More

Semin Cutan Med Surg 2015 Dec;34(4):161-70

Departments of Orofacial Sciences, Radiation Oncology, and Pathology, and the Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

White lesions in the oral cavity are common and have multiple etiologies, some of which are also associated with dermatological disease. While most intraoral white lesions are benign, some are premalignant and/or malignant at the time of clinical presentation, making it extremely important to accurately identify and appropriately manage these lesions. Due to their similar clinical appearances, it may be difficult sometimes to differentiate benign white lesions from their premalignant/malignant counterparts. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2015 10 1;16(10):813-8. Epub 2015 Oct 1.

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Aim: Globally, India accounts for the highest number of oral cancer cases. The survival rates are about 30% lower than those in developing countries. The main reason for these dismal figures is the late presentation of patients. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015 ;16(15):6439-44

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Peoples College of Dental Science and Research Center, Bhopal (MP), India E-mail :

Background: In India smokeless tobacco users account for 25.9% of total tobacco use, Gutkha being the most common form. This study evaluated the association between serum lipid profile and Gutkha use as an early diagnostic and/or prognostic indicator for oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral cancer (Oral Ca) in non-smokers and non-alcohol consumers. Read More

Acta Odontol Scand 2016 18;74(3):210-6. Epub 2015 Sep 18.

a Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology , Institute of Odontology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg , Sweden.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of systemic diseases, use of medications, allergies and tobacco habits with geographic tongue (GT) and fissured tongue (FT) lesions. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the clinical characteristics of tongue lesions and to compare the overall results for referred and non-referred patients.

Methodology: Non-referred patients with GT (GTgp; n = 130) and FT (FTgp; n = 62) were examined by general practitioners (gp) and compared to a control group without oral mucosal lesions (C; n = 1029). Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2015 05 1;16(5):389-93. Epub 2015 May 1.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, DA Pandu Memorial RV Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and quid associated oral lichenoid lesions (QOLL) are caused because of areca nut chewing and both show very characteristic histological changes. The present study aims to determine the histopathological presence of lichenoid features in cases of OSF as well as to determine the presence of fibrosis in cases of QOLL.

Materials And Methods: The study involved the retrospective analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of OSF (n = 50) and QOLL (n = 16). Read More

Indian J Public Health 2015 Jan-Mar;59(1):24-9

Post Graduate Student, People's Dental Academy, People's University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Aim: The present cross-sectional study following the STROBE guidelines was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among males, females, and eunuchs residing in Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh India.

Materials And Methods: Based on convenient non-probability snowball sampling technique, all the self-identified eunuchs residing in the city of Bhopal who were present at the time of examination and who fulfilled the selection criteria were examined. A cross section of the general population (males and females) residing in the same locality where these eunuchs live was also examined. Read More

J Calif Dent Assoc 2015 Jan;43(1):14-20

The historically disproportionate use of smokeless tobacco (ST) by baseball players is well documented. Oral mucosal lesions (OML) are associated with ST use. Prevalence of ST use and OMLs was assessed among a sample of Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB) athletes, while also assessing behavioral and demographic risk factors. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014 ;15(24):10861-5

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Al-Farabi College of Dentistry and Nursing, Saudi Arabia, Department of Oral Medicine, Sana'a University, Yemen, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia E-mail :

Background: Oral cancer is in increasing in incidence in Yemen and indeed worldwide. Knowledge regarding risk factors and early signs in the general population can help in prevention and early detection of the disease.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of oral cancer in the general population in Yemen. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2014 Jul 1;15(4):466-72. Epub 2014 Jul 1.

Private Practitioner, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Tobacco usage in different forms is the single most common etiological factor responsible for oral cancers. The aim of the present study was to record various mucosal lesions associated with tobacco usage and to ascertain the prevalence of dysplasia in them by histopathological evaluation and to compare the extent of dysplastic features seen among patients associated with a habit of smoked and smokeless form of tobacco.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six patients with the clinical diagnosis of tobacco related lesions (Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Nicotina stomatitis, Tobacco pouch keratosis) were selected. Read More