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Vascul Pharmacol 2021 May 1:106865. Epub 2021 May 1.

Cancer Biology Division, KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India. Electronic address:

Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor progression by generating new lymphatic vessels that helps in tumor dissemination to regional lymph nodes and distant sites. Recently, the role of Nectin-4 in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis has been studied, but its role in lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we systematically delineated the role of Nectin-4 in lymphangiogenesis and its regulation in invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Read More

Toxicol Sci 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jefferson, AR 72079.

The tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone] is found in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. NNK is a potent genotoxin and human lung carcinogen; however, there are limited inhalation data for the toxicokinetics (TK) and genotoxicity of NNK in vivo. In the present study, a single dose of 5x10-5, 5x10-3, 0. Read More

Acta Biomed 2021 Apr 30;92(S1):e2021138. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra.

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare idiopathic cystic interstitial granulomatous lung disease seen almost exclusively in cigarette smokers. It typically occurs between 20-40 years of age and equally distributed among both sexes. Management includes smoking cessation, avoidance of second-hand smoke, and close follow-up. Read More

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Psychology Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Room 2, -1 Beaux Lane House, Lower Mercer Street Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: There is evidence that prenatal stress and smoking during pregnancy both independently increase the risk of offspring psychopathology. Here we examine whether increased levels of self-reported stress is associated with increased smoking in a population of pregnant women, and whether prenatal smoking is associated with offspring psychiatric diagnoses independent of prenatal stress exposure.

Method: Using a longitudinal birth cohort, we used ordered logistic regressions to examine associations between maternal stress and smoking during pregnancy. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Jun 3;773:145030. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; NOAA - Cooperative Science Center for Earth System Sciences and Remote Sensing Technologies, New York, NY 10031, USA.

Air pollution associated with wildfire smoke transport during the summer can significantly affect ozone (O) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations, even in heavily populated areas like New York City (NYC). Here, we use observations from aircraft, ground-based lidar, in-situ analyzers and satellite to study and assess wildfire smoke transport, vertical distribution, optical properties, and potential impact on air quality in the NYC urban and coastal areas during the summer 2018 Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). We investigate an episode of dense smoke transported and mixed into the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on August 15-17, 2018. Read More

Am J Dent 2021 Apr;34(2):63-69

University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY, USA,

Purpose: To compare the effects of whitening toothpaste and bleaching with 6% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on discoloration of dental resin composite caused by cigarette smoke (CS) and electronic vapor product (EVP) aerosol.

Methods: 40 resin composite discs were divided into three groups: 15 each for CS and EVP aerosol exposure and 10 for air exposure (control). Exposures were performed for 15 days, with daily brushing with regular toothpaste. Read More

Environ Res 2021 Apr 30:111196. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, Centre for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is one of the important risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Although PM concentrations have been assessed using air quality monitoring stations or modelling, few studies have measured indoor PM in large-scale birth cohorts. The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) measured indoor and outdoor air quality in approximately 5,000 households when the participating children were aged 1. Read More

Chem Biol Interact 2021 Apr 30:109496. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address:

An increased risk of developing lung cancer has been associated with exposure to cigarette smoking carcinogens and alteration in the gut microbiota. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of exposure to NNK and BaP, the two important components of cigarette smoke carcinogens, on gut microbiota in lung cancer. The present study characterized the influence of exposure to a mixture of NNK plus BaP on lung cancer, feces metabolite composition, and gut microbiota in the A/J mice. Read More

Arch Environ Occup Health 2021 May 3:1-8. Epub 2021 May 3.

College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Grand Canyon University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of wildland firefighting on measures of cardiovascular health. The study was carried out in two parts. Part one assessed relationships between years of wildland firefighting and cardiovascular variables ( = 28). Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.

This study presents a novel and facile strategy for fabricating fire-resistant, ultraviolet (UV)-shielding, and tensile-enhanced polylactide (PLA) composites using two-dimensional (2D) MXene (TiC) flakes chemically modified with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The thermal and burning performances of PLA composites were demonstrated by the limiting oxygen index, UL-94 test, and cone calorimetry. The UV-shielding and tensile performances were also examined. Read More

Ann Surg 2021 Apr 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Duarte, CA University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Duarte, CA.

Objective: We hypothesized that operating room (OR) airborne particulate matter (PM) was different in quantity and mutagenic potential than office air and cigarette smoke.

Summary Background Data: Exposure to surgical smoke has been equated to cigarette smoking and thought to be hazardous to health care workers despite limited data.

Methods: PM was measured during 15 operations in ORs with 24. Read More

Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, 41474, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States.

Wildland fires are diminishing air quality on a seasonal and regional basis, raising concerns about respiratory health risks to the public and occupational groups. This American Thoracic Society (ATS) workshop was convened in 2019 to meet the growing health threat of wildland fire smoke. The workshop brought together a multi-disciplinary group of 19 experts, including wildland fire managers, public health officials, epidemiologists, toxicologists, and pediatric and adult pulmonologists. Read More

Public Health Nurs 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

School of Nursing, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.

Objective: To determine compliance with North Dakota's smoke-free law in vape shops and other tobacco specialty shops selling electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) or e-liquids.

Design: In this 2019 descriptive study, shops (n = 35) were assessed for compliance with the smoke-free law by observation of indoor and outdoor areas for smoking or vaping, or evidence of such activity in prohibited areas, and the presence of required no-smoking signs.

Results: Only two shops (5. Read More

Int J Legal Med 2021 May 1. Epub 2021 May 1.

Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Röntgenstr. 23, 48149, Münster, Germany.

In developed countries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants in their first year of life. The risk of SIDS is increased if parents smoked during pregnancy and in presence of the child. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyse the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic compounds and toxins, making them less reactive and easier to excrete. Read More

Contemp Clin Trials 2021 Apr 29:106420. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: Interventions that target anxiety/depressive symptoms in the context of smoking treatment have shown promise irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis. Yet, these tailored treatments are largely absent for persons who smoke and are living with HIV (SLWH).

Objective: To evaluate a novel, smoking cessation intervention that addresses anxiety/depression and HIV-related health (QUIT) against a time-matched control (TMC) and a standard of care (SOC) condition. Read More

BMC Health Serv Res 2021 May 1;21(1):409. Epub 2021 May 1.

Population health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Background: Health optimisation programmes are an increasingly popular policy intervention that aim to support patients to lose weight or stop smoking ahead of surgery. There is little evidence about their impact and the experience of their use. The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences and perspectives of commissioners, clinicians and patients involved in a locality's health optimisation programme in the United Kingdom. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2021 Apr 28:114165. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Laboratory of Bioprospection and Applied Ethnopharmacology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In Latin American Traditional Medicine, the use of Burseraceae oleoresins for headache relief is widespread. In the quilombola (maroon) communities of the municipality of Oriximiná, Pará State, Brazil, Burseraceae oleoresins are burned as incenses to treat headache; an effect attained by inhaling the smokes.

Aim Of The Study: This study was designed to investigate the scientific rationale behind the use of Burseraceae pitch oleoresin smokes on headache by identifying its chemical constituents and discussing whether they could be beneficial for headache treatment. Read More

Environ Res 2021 Apr 28;197:111206. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.

Introduction: The recent increase in U.S. popularity and use prevalence of water pipe (WP) tobacco smoking raises concerns about the potential environmental impacts of WP waste disposal and the need for strategies to reduce such impacts. Read More

Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2021 Apr;63(2):228-233

Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.

Introduction: Nowadays, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most common cause of high morbidity and mortality rate in children. ARI is defined as an infection either in the upper or lower respiratory tract that lasts for 14 days and caused by either viruses or bacteria. The incidence of ARI in 2017 is 20. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2021 Apr;46(4):266-71

Department of Physiology, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Massage, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST36) and "Feishu" (BL13) on the expression of autophagy related proteins in the lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to explore the mechanism of EA underlying improvement of COPD.

Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model and EA groups (=10 in each group). The COPD model was established by intratracheal infusion of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) and exposure in cigarette smoke. Read More

Cytokine 2021 Apr 27:155547. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

University Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Italy.

Persistent inflammation, despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART), is an independent predictor of mortality and comorbidities in HIV infection. Multiple factors, including lifestyle and chronic viral coinfections, may contribute. Several of these factors are also associated with a chronic inflammation in the general population. Read More

Int J Drug Policy 2021 Apr 27;95:103258. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Western Australia 6102, Australia.

Background: Being young is a period of experimentation which can lead to increased vulnerability to poor health choices and outcomes. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Aboriginal) people have a long and strong history of resilience; however, a deficit approach is often taken with messages of poor health and low socioeconomic status. This study takes a strengths-based approach and examines the demographic factors and behaviours associated with never using marijuana among young Aboriginal people in Australia. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Apr 27;278:119557. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address:

There is no definitive cure for cancer, and most of the current chemotherapy drugs have limited effects due to the development of drug resistance and toxicity at high doses. Therefore, there is an ongoing need for identifying the causes of chemotherapeutic resistance, and it will be possible to develop innovative treatment approaches based on these novel targeting candidates. Cigarette smoking is known to be one of the main causes of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Read More

PLoS One 2021 30;16(4):e0250327. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.

Methods: Sepsis was induced by cotton smoke inhalation followed by intranasal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in female (> 6 months) Balb/c and syndecan-1 knockout mice. Survival of mice, lung capillary endothelial glycocalyx integrity, lung water content, and vascular hyper-permeability were determined with or without HMW-SH treatment in these mice. Effects of HMW-SH on endothelial permeability and neutrophil migration were tested in in vitro setting. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2021 Apr 30;5(4):e21481. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.

Background: Although African Americans have the lowest rates of smoking onset and progression to daily smoking, they are less likely to achieve long-term cessation. Interventions tailored to promote use of cessation resources in African American individuals who smoke are needed. In our past work, we demonstrated the effectiveness of a technology-assisted peer-written message intervention for increasing smoking cessation in non-Hispanic White smokers. Read More

Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021 Apr 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Sant'Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep related disorder resulting in apneic and hypopneic episodes during sleep. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss our experience with the "Thornton Adjustable Positioner" TAP Splint in a consecutive series of patients affected by OSAS.

Methods: The data of all patients affected by OSAS and with indication to oral appliance (OA) treatment at the Dentistry Department of the Vercelli Hospital between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019 were collected. Read More

Health Econ 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

This paper examines the immediate and long-term effects of public smoking bans on smoking prevalence, smoking regularity, smoking intensity, and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. We supplement the extensive literature on the effects of various types of tobacco control legislation on smoking behavior in developed countries by studying the provincial smoking bans and more recent national ban of a middle-income country, Argentina. We focus on the difference between full and partial smoking bans, and take advantage of the time and province variation in ban implementation in order to determine the causal effects of each type of ban. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 25;13(3):e14104. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Internal Medicine, Northwestern Medicine McHenry Hospital, McHenry, USA.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a highly prevalent disease both in the United States and worldwide. Multiple treatment options are currently available, and several new groups of medications have been introduced over the last couple of decades. One of these groups is dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Read More

J Investig Med 2021 Apr 29. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Center for Translational Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 114 million people and has resulted in >2.5 million deaths so far. Some people have greater susceptibility which influences both SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 severity. Read More

Nutr Res Rev 2021 Apr 30:1-77. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy.

Cigarette smoke (CS) is likely the most common preventable cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, inexpensive interventional strategies for preventing CS-related diseases would positively impact health systems. Inhaled CS is a powerful inflammatory stimulus and produces a shift in the normal balance between antioxidants and oxidants inducing oxidative stress in both the respiratory system and throughout the body. Read More