Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Mediators Inflamm 2020 8;2020:4260204. Epub 2020 May 8.

Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal or less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) is associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Maternal smoking during the perinatal period is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight and birth defects. Numerous studies have shown that cigarette smoke or nicotine exposure has a widespread effect on fetal nerve development. However, there exists a lack of understanding of what specific changes occur at the cellular level on persistent exposure to cigarette smoke during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into neural cells. Read More

Can J Surg 2020 05 25;63(3):E299-E301. Epub 2020 May 25.

From the Department of General Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ont.

Summary: The World Health Organization declared a pandemic when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to sweep the globe. Growing concerns for the safety of health care workers was raised when up to 80% of people with COVID-19 showed mild or no symptoms at all. Some surgical procedures will be inevitable during the pandemic, and proper safety measures must be in place to avoid transmission risks. Read More

Bone Joint Res 2020 Mar 16;9(3):99-107. Epub 2020 May 16.

Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Aims: Cigarette smoking has a negative impact on the skeletal system, causes a decrease in bone mass in both young and old patients, and is considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. In addition, it disturbs the bone healing process and prolongs the healing time after fractures. The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs fracture healing are not fully understood. Read More

Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2019 Dec;32(4):321-330

Réanimation Chirurgicale et des Brûlés, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.

This congress shared 3 main topics: inflammation - especially in the rehabilitation phase, fires and smoke inhalation, and flaps in sequelae. The first is reported by Valérie Chauvineau, the second by Ronan Le Floch and the third by Louise Pasquesoone. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 May 15;21(10). Epub 2020 May 15.

Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.

E-cigarettes have a liquid that may contain flavors, solvents, and nicotine. Heating this liquid generates an aerosol that is inhaled into the lungs in a process commonly referred to as vaping. E-cigarette devices can also contain cannabis-based products including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). Read More

Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020 25;18:1056-1073. Epub 2020 Apr 25.

PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Cigarette smoke (CS) causes adverse health effects and, for smoker who do not quit, modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) can be an alternative to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Standard toxicological endpoints can lack sensitivity, with systems toxicology approaches yielding broader insights into toxicological mechanisms. In a 6-month systems toxicology study on ApoE mice, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis to assess the effects of aerosols from the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1. Read More

Arch Toxicol 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.

Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is one of the leading risk factors for human health. Nicotine-containing inhalable products, such as e-cigarettes, can effectively support tobacco harm reduction approaches. However, there are limited comparative data on the effects of the aerosols generated from electronic vapor products (e-vapor) and CS on bone. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), also known as passive or second-hand smoking, describes the inhalation of the products of burnt tobacco. This article describes the scale of the population of children exposed to ETS and the risks to their general and their peri-operative health. We explore the concept of a "teachable moment" in peri-operative medicine;an ideal opportunity to deliver a public health intervention at a time where families feel motivated to make a behavioural change. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2020 May 21;27(4):196-201. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Paris fire brigade medical emergency department, 1, place Jules-Renard 75017 Paris, France.

Aim: The literature includes few reports on the prehospital care of pediatric casualties of urban house fires. Here we aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric fire victims, focusing on their injuries, prehospital care, and survival.

Methods: This retrospective study included children under 15 years of age who were victims of urban house fires and who received care from prehospital medical teams. Read More

Braz J Med Biol Res 2020 17;53(5):e9108. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Motricidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil.

Recent evidence suggests that aerobic physical training may attenuate the deleterious effects of cancer risk factors, including smoking. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and aerobic physical training on the expression of steroid receptors and inflammatory and apoptotic proteins in the prostate. Forty male Wistar rats were distributed in four groups: control (CO), exercise (EXE), cigarette smoke exposure (CS), and cigarette smoke exposure with exercise (CS+EXE). Read More

Anaesth Intensive Care 2020 Apr 21:310057X20913282. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.

J Anesth 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Nurse Anesthesia Program, Oregon Health and Science University, SON #521, 3455 SW US Veterans Hospital Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.

Surgical smoke generated by use of electrosurgical units (ESUs), lasers, and ultrasonic scalpels constitutes a physical, chemical, and biological hazard for anesthesia personnel. Inhalation of particulate matter with inflammatory consequences, pulmonary injury from products of tissue pyrolysis, exposure to mutagens and carcinogens, and the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly other pathogens represent a spectrum of adverse effects associated with the occupational exposure to surgical plume. While adequate operating room ventilation and use of high filtration-efficiency masks offer some protection from these conditions, the most effective method of safeguarding against surgical smoke involves its removal with a dedicated smoke evacuation device (SED). Read More

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020 Apr 12;41(2):311-332. Epub 2020 Apr 12.

Department of Thoracic Diseases, "GB. Morgagni" Hospital, Forlì, Italy.

Bronchioles are noncartilaginous small airways with internal diameter of 2 mm or less, located from approximately the eighth generation of purely air conducting airways (membranous bronchioles) down to the terminal bronchioles (the smallest airways without alveoli) and respiratory bronchioles (which communicate directly with alveolar ducts and are in the range of 0.5 mm or less in diameter). Bronchiolar injury, inflammation, and fibrosis may occur in myriad disorders including connective tissue diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, lung transplant allograft rejection, graft versus host disease in allogeneic stem cell recipients, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, infections, drug toxicity (e. Read More

Life Sci 2020 Jun 5;251:117644. Epub 2020 Apr 5.

Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.

Aims: Electronic cigarette (ECIG) has been used as an alternative to tobacco smoking as it lacks the majority of toxicants found in tobacco smoke. However, the effect of ECIG aerosol inhalation on cardiac health are not well studied. The present study aimed to compare the effects of ECIGs with that of combustible tobacco cigarette (T-Cigs) and waterpipe (WP) smoke on cardiac biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Read More

Lung 2020 Jun 1;198(3):555-563. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Background: The most common abnormal spirometric pattern reported in WTC worker and volunteer cohorts has consistently been that of a nonobstructive reduced forced vital capacity (low FVC). Low FVC is associated with obesity, which is highly prevalent in these cohorts. We used quantitative CT (QCT) to investigate proximal and distal airway inflammation and emphysema in participants with stable low FVC pattern. Read More

J Transl Med 2020 Mar 30;18(1):141. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4041 Burnett Womack, 101 Manning Drive, CB# 7050, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7050, USA.

Background: Smoke inhalation injury increases overall burn mortality by up to 20 times. Current therapy remains supportive with a failure to identify an optimal or targeted treatment protocol for smoke inhalation injury. The goal of this review is to describe emerging therapies that are being developed to treat the pulmonary pathology induced by smoke inhalation injury with or without concurrent burn injury. Read More

Environ Res 2020 Jun 20;185:109413. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

To systematically regulate new types of cigarettes for which their safety has yet to be verified, such as heat-not-burn (HNB) products and electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs), the identification of chemicals in the new cigarette smoke is necessary. However, this is challenging due to the large number of new cigarette types and their different vaporization approaches. To address this issue, we herein report the development of a standardized new cigarette smoke generating (SNCSG) system based on heating-temperature control, which is able to generate smoke for all types of new cigarettes. Read More

PLoS One 2020 27;15(3):e0230719. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

CiSTEM laboratory, Catholic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Introduction: Epidemiologically, cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there has been few plausible explanations why cigarette smoking aggravated RA. We investigated the causal effect of smoking in experimental model of arthritis development. Read More

Int J Burns Trauma 2020 15;10(1):1-14. Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Rua Robert Koch 60, Vila Operária, Londrina, Paraná, Brasil.

Introduction: Age and inhalation injury are important risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the burned patient; however, the impact of interventions such as mechanical ventilation, fluid balance (FB), and packed red blood cell transfusion remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of moderate and severe ARDS and its risk factors among burn-related demographic variables and clinical interventions in mechanically ventilated burn patients. Risk factors for death within 28 days were also evaluated. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020 May 18;526(1):141-146. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Smoke inhalation injury (SII) affects more than 50,000 people annually causing carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Although the increased blood level of carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) is frequently used to confirm the diagnosis of SII, knowledge of its elimination in the acute phase is still limited. The aim of this study is to determine CO-Hb elimination rates and their differences in arterial (aCO-Hb) and mixed-venous (vCO-Hb) blood following severe SII in a clinically relevant ovine model. Read More

Arch Pediatr 2020 May 16;27(4):223-226. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, AP-HP, 92380 Garches, France.

Smoke inhalation injury is common in victims of domestic fires, among whom children are the most vulnerable. Cyanide poisoning may occur in addition to carbon monoxide poisoning and is challenging to diagnose. In France, the recommended antidotes are hydroxocobalamin for cyanide and hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide. Read More

Undersea Hyperb Med 2020 First Quarter;47(1):151-169

Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah, and Intermountain LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah U.S.

Despite established exposure limits and safety standards as well as the availability of carbon monoxide (CO) alarms, each year 50,000 people in the United States visit emergency departments for CO poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning can occur from brief exposures to high levels of CO or from longer exposures to lower levels. Common symptoms can include headaches, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, general malaise, and altered mental status. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Mar 10;13(3). Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.

A middle-aged patient presented with toxic inhalational injury, and was resuscitated prehospitally and treated in the emergency department for smoke inhalation, carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and cyanide poisoning with the use of antidotes. Due to the CO effects on spectrophotometry, an anaemia initially identified on blood gas analysis was thought to be artefactual, but was later confirmed by laboratory testing to be accurate. In addition, cyanide can confound haemoglobin testing due to its use in the analytical process and non-cyanide analysis is required when there is suspected exposure. Read More

J Vis Exp 2020 Feb 23(156). Epub 2020 Feb 23.

Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich.

Here, we present a specially designed modular in vitro exposure system that enables the homogenous exposure of cultivated human lung cells at the ALI to gases, particles or complex atmospheres (e.g., cigarette smoke), thus providing realistic physiological exposure of the apical surface of the human alveolar region to air. Read More

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020 Apr 5;39(2):253-267. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Centre, Lariboisière-Saint-Louis Hospitals, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Research, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Objectives: To provide recommendations to facilitate the management of severe thermal burns during the acute phase in adults and children.

Design: A committee of 20 experts was asked to produce recommendations in six fields of burn management, namely, (1) assessment, admission to specialised burns centres, and telemedicine; (2) haemodynamic management; (3) airway management and smoke inhalation; (4) anaesthesia and analgesia; (5) burn wound treatments; and (6) other treatments. At the start of the recommendation-formulation process, a formal conflict-of-interest policy was developed and enforced throughout the process. Read More

Molecules 2020 Feb 25;25(5). Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.

Smoke inhalation causes acute lung injury (ALI), a severe clinical disease with high mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNA-155 (miR-155) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1), as mediators of inflammatory response, are involved in the pathogenesis of ALI. In this paper, we explored the proinflammatory mechanism of miR-155 in smoke-inhalation-induced ALI. Read More

Subst Use Misuse 2020 24;55(7):1106-1112. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany.

In Germany, cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug, and inhalation together with tobacco is most popular. However, it has been described that electronic cigarettes (ECs) are being used to vaporize cannabis (extract). No current data on EC cannabis use in the German population are yet available. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Feb 14;21(4). Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat 123, Al-Khod, Oman.

The consumption of water-pipe smoking (WPS) has been promoted by the use of flavoured tobacco. However, little is known about the impact of flavouring on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by WPS inhalation. Here, we compared the cardiovascular effects and underlying mechanism of actions of plain (P) (unflavoured) versus apple-flavoured (AF) WPS (30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 1 month) in mice. Read More

Environ Health Perspect 2020 Feb 12;128(2):27003. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Respiratory Research Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario and the Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.

Background: Fuel oil-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inhalation is associated with accidental marine spills. After the petroleum tanker sank off northern Spain in 2002 and the oil rig catastrophe in 2009, subjects involved in environmental decontamination showed signs of ongoing or residual lung disease up to 5 y after the exposure.

Objectives: We aimed at investigating mechanisms driving persistent respiratory disease by developing an animal model of inhalational exposure to fuel oil-derived VOCs. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Feb 14;10(1):2648. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Dept. of Medicine and Epidemiology, Davis, CA, USA.

Recent increases in the prevalence and severity of wildfires in some regions have resulted in an increased frequency of veterinary burn patients. Few studies exist regarding diagnostics and management of burn wounds in veterinary patients and current knowledge is extrapolated from human literature and research models. Post-burn cardiac injury is a common finding and predictor of mortality in human patients and echocardiography is an important tool in monitoring response to therapy and predicting outcome. Read More

Chemosphere 2020 Apr 5;244:125537. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.

Understanding exposure to air pollution during extreme events such as fire emergencies is critical for assessing their potential health impacts. However, air pollution emergencies often affect places without a network of air quality monitoring and characterising exposure retrospectively is methodologically challenging due to the complex behaviour of smoke and other air pollutants. Here we test the potential of roof cavity (attic) dust to act as a robust household-level exposure proxy, using a major air pollution event associated with a coal mine fire in the Latrobe Valley, Australia, as an illustrative study. Read More

Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2019 6;4(4):240-254. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.

Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the US, and cannabis use among young adults continues to rise. Previous studies have shown that chronic administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component of cannabis, induces dependence in animal models. Because smoking is the most frequent route of THC self-administration, it is critical to investigate the effects of cannabis smoke inhalation. Read More

Insights Imaging 2020 Feb 7;11(1):18. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Directorate of Research, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Across the globe, diseases secondary to environmental exposures have been described, and it was also found that existing diseases have been modified by exposure to environmental chemicals or an environmental factor that has been found in their pathogenesis. The Institute of Medicine has shared a permanent concern related to the nations environmental health capacity since 1988.

Main Body: Contemporary imaging methods in the last 15 years started reporting alterations in different human systems such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and pulmonary system among others; evidence suggests the existence of a human environmental disease network. Read More

J Burn Care Res 2020 May;41(3):695-699

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea.

This report is to evaluate the relation between pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and skeletal muscle index (SMI) in patients with major burn injury and smoke inhalation. A total of 54 inhalation burn patients were analyzed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is a sum of the muscle mass of both arms and legs. Read More

Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2020 27;18:eAO4781. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Universidade Federal da Bahia , Salvador , BA , Brazil .

Objective: To estimate the frequency of secondhand smoke exposure among patients with asthma.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of asthma patients and non-asthmatic controls using questionnaires to identify secondhand smoke exposure at home, school, work, and public places.

Results: We studied 544 severe asthma patients, 452 mild/moderate asthma patients, and 454 non-asthmatic patients. Read More

Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020 03 24;318(3):H604-H631. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

Smoking cigarettes is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Considerable attention has been paid to the reduced harm potential of alternative nicotine-containing inhalable products such as e-cigarettes. We investigated the effects of E-vapor aerosols or cigarette smoke (CS) on atherosclerosis progression, cardiovascular function, and molecular changes in the heart and aorta of female apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) mice. Read More

Pharm Biol 2020 Dec;58(1):116-123

Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.

Clinical reports showed sildenafil beneficial therapy on severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients. The study investigated therapeutic effects of silenafil on pulmonary damage induced by cigarette smoke exposure and bacterial inhalation in rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into control group (no exposure,  = 10) and exposure group ( = 50) suffered from cigarette smoke exposure and inhalation for 8 weeks. Read More

PLoS One 2020 16;15(1):e0227348. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Accumulating evidence has shown that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) However, few studies have assessed both exposure to ETS and high-perceived work stress on hyperlipidemia. The aim of the present study is to assess the interaction effect of ETS exposure and high-perceived work stress on the risk of hyperlipidemia.

Methods: A total of 11,875 middle-aged civil servants from 647 registered institutions employed by the Taiwan government were randomly selected using multistage stratified cluster sampling based on proportional probabilistic sampling. Read More

Tob Regul Sci 2020 Jan;6(1):30-37

Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

Objectives: JUUL and earlier generation electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are promoted as being less hazardous than cigarettes. While JUUL Labs, in particular, claims that switching from smoking to vaping has beneficial impacts, the health effects of such products are not well understood. We investigated whether exposure to JUUL and previous generation e-cig aerosol impairs endothelial function comparably to cigarette smoke. Read More

Nat Protoc 2020 02 10;15(2):183-206. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

Exposure of lung tissues to cigarette smoke is a major cause of human disease and death worldwide. Unfortunately, adequate model systems that can reliably recapitulate disease biogenesis in vitro, including exposure of the human lung airway to fresh whole cigarette smoke (WCS) under physiological breathing airflow, are lacking. This protocol extension builds upon, and can be used with, our earlier protocol for microfabrication of human organs-on-chips. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2020 Apr 7;322:20-31. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Electronic address:

Particulate matter (PM) from combustion processes has been associated with oxidative stress to DNA, whereas effects related to telomere dysfunction are less investigated. We collected air-borne PM from a passenger cabin of a diesel-propelled train and at a training facility for smoke diving exercises. Effects on oxidative stress biomarkers, genotoxicity measured by the comet assay and telomere length in PM-exposed A549 cells were compared with the genotoxicity and telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human volunteers exposed to the same aerosol source. Read More

Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020 Apr 8;61:101887. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, UECE, Brazil.

Background: Cigarette smoke is the major cause of airway inflammatory disease, including airway hyperresponsiveness. Eucalyptol (EUC), also named 1.8-cineole, is a monoterpenoid found in essential oil of medicinal plants, showing several biological effects. Read More

Clin Transl Immunology 2019 28;8(10):e01084. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Priority Research Centres for Healthy Lungs, Grow Up Well and Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle NSW Australia.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease that causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide and is primarily caused by the inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS). Lack of effective treatments for COPD means there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic strategies for the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. Tristetraprolin (TTP) encoded by the gene is an anti-inflammatory protein that induces mRNA decay, especially of transcripts encoding inflammatory cytokines, including those implicated in COPD. Read More

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020 Mar 31;190:110135. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 506, India. Electronic address:

In the study, first-time personal exposure level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was measured during cooking hours in participants of three different types of kitchen both in the particulate and gaseous phase using traditional and improved cookstoves. Along with that, indoor particulate matter (PM) concentration was also estimated during the cooking hours to examine the impact of intervention in different kitchens. The results of the study clearly revealed that the kitchen characteristics and type of cookstove technology have a significant impact on PM, PM and PAHs concentration. Read More

Crit Care 2019 Dec 23;23(1):421. Epub 2019 Dec 23.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, AP-HP, GH Saint Louis-Lariboisière, Paris, France.

Background: The use of hydroxocobalamin has long been advocated for treating suspected cyanide poisoning after smoke inhalation. Intravenous hydroxocobalamin has however been shown to cause oxalate nephropathy in a single-center study. The impact of hydroxocobalamin on the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and survival after smoke inhalation in a multicenter setting remains unexplored. Read More

Environ Sci Technol 2020 01 3;54(2):1075-1081. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment , Jinan University , Guangzhou 511443 , China.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is known to pose potential risk to human health, but the effects of tar level remain to be clarified. In the present study, ETS samples from two cigarette types with different tar levels in a 72.5 m room were collected for measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Read More

J Forensic Sci 2020 May 19;65(3):855-859. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office, Michigan Medicine/University of Michigan, 1300 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48207.

Residential fires are a significant cause for morbidity and mortality in the United States. Death is often the result of soot and smoke inhalation causing carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity. The approximate lethal level of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in healthy adults has been well described. Read More

Burns 2020 02 15;46(1):75-82. Epub 2019 Dec 15.

Burn Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: Blast injuries are complex types of physical trauma resulting from direct or indirect exposure to an explosion, which can be divided into four classes: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Primary blast injury results in damage, principally, in gas-containing organs such as the lungs (blast lung injury, BLI). BLI is defined as radiological and clinical evidence of acute lung injury occurring within 12h of exposure to an explosion and not due to secondary or tertiary injury. Read More

Tob Control 2019 Dec 17. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA

Introduction: The distribution of nicotine among its free-base (fb) and protonated forms in aerosolised nicotine affects inhalability. It has been manipulated in tobacco smoke and now in electronic cigarettes by the use of acids to de-freebase nicotine and form 'nicotine salts'.

Methods: Measurements on electronic cigarette fluids (e-liquids) were carried out to determine (1) the fraction of nicotine in the free-base form () and (2) the levels of organic acid(s) and nicotine. Read More