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Int J Dermatol 2017 Nov 7;56(11):1198-1203. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Medical School, Zagazig University, Zagazig and Cairo, Egypt.

Introduction: Taking care of newborn skin is necessary to avoid skin infections. The normal daily exposure to external factors affects the skin negatively. Skin hygiene and proper skin cleansing as well as protection of the infant skin barrier are essential to maintain barrier function and overall infant health. Read More

Int J Nurs Stud 2017 Jan 26;65:17-24. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Dry skin (xerosis cutis) is increasingly recognized as a relevant health problem in daily life and in health and nursing care. The use of bath additives such as oils is common to reduce dry skin, but empirical evidence supporting this practice is limited.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using a bath oil additive in improving skin barrier function and ameliorating dry skin in comparison to non-oil containing skin cleansers for bathing or showering. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2016 Apr-Jun;9(2):85-92

Dr SN Wong Skin, Hair, Nails and Laser Specialist Clinic, Mt Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore.

Conventional acne treatment presents several challenges such as intolerable side effects and antibiotic resistance. Dermocosmetic products may be used to reduce these unwanted effects. Dermocosmetics include skin cleansers, topical sebum-controllers, skin antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory agents, moisturizers, sunscreens, and camouflage products. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2016 May 26;33(3):311-21. Epub 2016 Feb 26.

Academic Unit of Dermatology Research, Department of Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK.

Background: European roundtable meeting recommendations on bathing and cleansing of infants were published in 2009; a second meeting was held to update and expand these recommendations in light of new evidence and the continued need to address uncertainty surrounding this aspect of routine care.

Methods: The previous roundtable recommendations concerning infant cleansing, bathing, and use of liquid cleansers were critically reviewed and updated and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. New recommendations were developed to provide guidance on diaper care and the use of emollients. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 2016 Apr 1;38(2):178-86. Epub 2015 Oct 1.

Unilever Research & Development, Trumbull, CT, U.S.A.

Background: Corneosurfametry (CSM) was originally developed as a tool to predict irritation potential of cleansers. In this method, surface skin stripped using cyanoacrylate is contacted with surfactants/products, rinsed and stained with toluidine blue and basic fuschin dyes. The intensity of staining increases with increases in irritation potential of surfactant. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2015 Dec 17;150(6):717-29. Epub 2015 Jul 17.

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité‑Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany -

The key characteristics of geriatric patients are advanced age, multimorbidity, a decrease of psychical performance and care dependency. In addition, advanced age, chronic and acute diseases and treatments (e.g. Read More

J Adv Nurs 2015 Mar 27;71(3):570-80. Epub 2014 Aug 27.

Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.

Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequencies and patterns of skin care and applied skin care products in the home care nursing setting in Germany.

Background: Skin care belongs to the core activities of nursing practice. Especially in aged and long-term care settings, clients are vulnerable to various skin conditions. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2014 May 19;20(2):228-38. Epub 2013 Oct 19.

Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Background: To date, there are no legally binding requirements concerning product testing in cosmetics. This leads to various manufacturer-specific test methods and absent transparent information on skin cleansing products. A standardized in vivo test procedure for assessment of cleansing efficacy and corresponding barrier impairment by the cleaning process is needed, especially in the occupational context where repeated hand washing procedures may be performed at short intervals. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2014 May 4;20(2):239-45. Epub 2013 Sep 4.

Department of Occupational Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; iDerm - Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Background: Skin cleansers for occupational use are manufactured for different types and degrees of soiling without common, legally binding requirements for product testing. This leads to different, manufacturer-specific test methods and a lack of comparable information on skin cleansing products.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to validate a newly developed standardized automated cleansing device (ACiD) for in vivo evaluation of industrial skin cleansers. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2013 Jul 2;57:185-94. Epub 2013 Apr 2.

Department of Safety Assessment, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Castanet Tolosan, France.

To conduct a reliable safety assessment, accurate exposure information for cosmetic products and ingredients is needed. The aim of the present retrospective study was to determine the amount per application and the daily exposure for some of the most commonly used baby cosmetic products. Consumption data from 48 clinical studies performed on 1481 babies and children (from 0 to 10 years old) were reviewed and used to conduct a probabilistic evaluation of dermal exposure. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2012 Jan-Feb;29(1):1-14. Epub 2011 Oct 20.

Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

In recent years, there have been continuing efforts to understand the effects of baby skin care routines and products on the healthy development of baby skin. Such efforts aim ultimately to determine the best infant skin care practices. The pediatric and dermatologic communities have not reached consensus on what constitutes an appropriate cleansing practice. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2011 Nov 21;65(5):276-85. Epub 2011 Sep 21.

Clínica Universitária de Dermatologia, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.

Objectives: Reports about the nature of the ingredients responsible for allergic contact dermatitis caused by specific cosmetic products are scarce.

Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2010, the specific cosmetic products having caused allergic contact dermatitis, as well as the individual allergenic cosmetic ingredients present in them, were recorded by use of a standardized form.

Results: Among 11 different categories of cosmetic product, skin care products, followed by hair care and body-cleansing products, were most often involved. Read More

Environ Res 2011 Apr 18;111(3):329-36. Epub 2011 Feb 18.

Cosmetics Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.

Phthalates are multifunctional chemicals that are used in a variety of consumer products including cosmetic and personal care products. This study aims at determining phthalate levels in cosmetic and personal care products obtained from the Canadian market. Overall 252 products including 98 baby care products were collected at retail stores in several provinces across Canada in year 2007. Read More

Toxicol In Vitro 2011 Mar 13;25(2):563-72. Epub 2010 Dec 13.

Kao Brands Company, Cincinnati, OH 45214, USA.

The Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascular Assay (CAMVA) and Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test are widely used to predict ocular irritation potential for consumer-use products. These in vitro assays do not require live animals, produce reliable predictive data for defined applicability domains compared to the Draize rabbit eye test, and are rapid and inexpensive. Data from 304 CAMVA and/or BCOP studies (319 formulations) were surveyed to determine the feasibility of predicting ocular irritation potential for various formulations. Read More

Environ Int 2009 Aug 10;35(6):900-4. Epub 2009 Apr 10.

Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Low molecular weight cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) compounds have been used in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products and many other consumer products. The study provides information on the levels of cVMSs in cosmetics and personal care products sold in Canada with an attempt to estimate the consumer dermal exposure to cVMSs from these products. The levels of four cVMS compounds, hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) were determined in 252 cosmetics and personal care products collected from retail stores in several provinces in Canada. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2009 Jan;2(1):36-40

Cosmeceuticals are the fastest growing sector of the cosmetic industry, and the future of antiaging cosmeceuticals in particular is very promising. Botanical extracts that support the health, texture, and integrity of the skin, hair, and nails are widely used in cosmetic formulations. They form the largest category of cosmeceutical additives found in the marketplace today due to the rising consumer interest and demand for natural products. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2009 Jan 6;160(1):40-7. Epub 2008 Sep 6.

Department of Dermatology, Institute of Allergic and Immunologic Skin Diseases, 27/2 C Bakultala Lane, Kasba, Kolkata, West Bengal 700042, India.

Background: Chemical leucoderma, often clinically mimicking idiopathic vitiligo and other congenital and acquired hypopigmentation, has been increasing rapidly in incidence in developing countries such as India.

Objectives: This study attempts to detect clinical and epidemiological patterns of chemical leucoderma.

Methods: Detailed history-taking, especially of exposure to contributory chemicals, clinical examination, relevant investigations, data recording and analysis were done. Read More

Int J Cosmet Sci 1999 Jun;21(3):199-205

Consultant, Sanremo, Italy.

Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether or 2-ethoxyethanol finds a wide industrial application as a solvent for lacquers, inks, dyes, household products and as a surfactant. It is also found in cosmetics such as nail products, face cleansers, liquid soaps, oral care products, hair colours and fixatives. The potential hazard to human health of 2-ethoxyethanol following inhalation and dermal exposure has been recently reviewed and the European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association (COLIPA) has issued recommendations suggesting its non-use as a cosmetic ingredient. Read More

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2008 Nov 29;55(4):701-10. Epub 2008 Apr 29.

Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.

The determination of organosiloxanes in consumer products is important for the evaluation and characterization of sources of human and environmental exposures. In this study, we determined concentrations of cyclic siloxanes [octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D(4)), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D(5)), dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D(6))], tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane (D(7))] and linear siloxanes (L(4) to L(14)) in a variety of consumer products (n = 76), including hair-care products, skin lotions, body washes, cosmetics, nursing nipples (i.e. Read More

Cutis 2006 Jul;78(1 Suppl):34-40

Dermatology Consulting Services, High Point, North Carolina, USA.

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder that affects many people every year, especially the teenaged population. People with acne find the condition especially difficult to manage because of the disease's chronicity and variability in response to treatment. Acne is the result of pores clogged with shed skin cells combined with sebum in the hair follicle. Read More

Semin Cutan Med Surg 2000 Sep;19(3):195-200

Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, Metairie, LA 70005, USA.

Office dispensing is a value added service in the dermatologist's office. As dermatologists we can recommend products with known scientific validity that will enhance patient care and provide reliable therapeutic results. Patients enjoy the convenience of being able to purchase products in the office and appreciate the dermatologist who spends time outlining a daily skin care regimen. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 1996 Jan;34(1):35-8

Department of Occupational Medicine, National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The objective of the study was to obtain further experience on the applicability of 2 tests for clinical assessment of formaldehyde exposure. About 1300 products brought in by consecutive formaldehyde-sensitive eczema patients during a 2-year period were tested with both the chromotropic acid test and the acetylacetone test. The chromotropic acid test was modified by including a 2nd reading after 2 days. Read More

Mutat Res 1987 Jan;190(1):25-9

When main ingredients of cleansers, alcohol sulfate (AS) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), were applied to the dorsal skin of pregnant JCL:ICR mice during preimplantation period (days 0-2), significant numbers of embryos collected from the oviducts and uteri on day 3 showed severe deformity or remained at the morula stage. Most of abnormal embryos were fragmented or remained at the 1-8 cell stages, and they were either dead or dying. Even when these abnormal embryos were cultivated in the detergent-free medium, they were not recovered, while most growth-retarded embryos (morula) could grow and hatch with one or two days lag by the further in vitro cultivation. Read More

Boll Chim Farm 1985 Sep;124(9):347-55