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Hum Mutat 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.

Mutations in ALDH3A2 cause Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS), a neuro-ichthyotic condition due to the deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). We screened for novel mutations causing SLS among Indian ethnicity, characterized the identified mutations in silico and in vitro, and retrospectively evaluated their role in phenotypic heterogeneity. Interestingly, asymmetric distribution of nonclassical traits was observed in our cases. Read More

Pediatr Neurosurg 2021 16;56(2):163-165. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Anesthesiology, General Children's Hospital of Athens "Agia Sofia,", Athens, Greece.

Introduction: Study of muscle tone in individuals with severe spasticity (Modified Asworth Scale - MAS:3) under general anesthesia can confirm or rule out the eventual necessity of the impending spasticity relieving ablative neurosurgery by observing the hypertonia reduction and passive range of motion expansion. Therefore, what we measure under muscle relaxants is practically a fixed deformity.

Case Presentation: The study was performed on a girl with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, presenting with icthyosis and spastic diplegia. Read More

Paediatr Anaesth 2020 12 26;30(12):1390-1395. Epub 2020 Oct 26.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Background: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is a rare inherited neurocutaneous disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis, spasticity, intellectual disability, seizures, and ophthalmologic changes. Most individuals with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome live well into adulthood and often require surgical intervention to manage their symptomatology.

Aims: The aim of this work was to review the clinical aspects of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, highlight the unique anesthetic considerations associated with this disease, and provide practical recommendations about anesthetic management. Read More

An Pediatr (Engl Ed) 2020 Sep 17. Epub 2020 Sep 17.

Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España.

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020 11 15;8(11):e1487. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

Taif University, Taif, KSA.

Backgroundd: Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by a triad of spastic tetraplegia or diplegia, congenital ichthyosis, and intellectual disability.

Methods: We report a seven-years-old female born to consanguineous parents who presented with erythematous dry scaly skin all over the body sparing the face, without collodion membrane which started since birth. There were associated with global developmental delay and seizure disorder. Read More

Mol Genet Metab 2020 Sep - Oct;131(1-2):253-258. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center and Children's Hospital & Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. Electronic address:

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by ichthyosis, spasticity, intellectual disability and deficient oxidation and accumulation of of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. We investigated whether excess fatty alcohols in SLS are diverted into biosynthesis of ether glycerolipids (eGLs) by measuring the 1-O-alkylglycerol (AG) backbone of eGLs in stratum corneum, plasma and red blood cells (RBCs). In all tissues, saturated and monounsaturated AGs were detected. Read More

J Inherit Metab Dis 2020 11 9;43(6):1265-1278. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud university medical center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurometabolic syndrome caused by deficient fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Patients exhibit intellectual disability, spastic paraplegia, and ichthyosis. The accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes has been demonstrated in plasma and skin but never in brain. Read More

Ophthalmic Genet 2020 08 8;41(4):381-385. Epub 2020 Jun 8.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, NE, USA.

Background: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare genetic neurocutaneous disease caused by mutations in that results in deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and accumulation of fatty aldehydes and alcohols. The disease is associated with ichthyosis, spasticity, and intellectual disability. Patients exhibit a characteristic retinopathy with macular crystalline inclusions that first appear in early childhood and increase with age. Read More

JIMD Rep 2020 May 25;53(1):61-70. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Department of Pediatric Neurology Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Nijmegen The Netherlands.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare inborn error of lipid metabolism. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene, resulting in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Most patients have a clearly recognizable severe phenotype, with congenital ichthyosis, intellectual disability, and spastic diplegia. Read More

Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2020 4;120:349-377. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autoimmune disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. To date, 80 missense mutations have been identified in association with the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 3 Family Member A2 (ALDH3A2) gene causing SLS. Disruption of the function of ALDH3A2 leads to excessive accumulation of fat in the cells, which interferes with the normal function of protective membranes or materials that are necessary for the body to function normally. Read More

Appl Clin Genet 2020 7;13:13-24. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

TY Nelson Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Sjogren Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of lipid metabolism due to mutations in the that result in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). The syndrome has a high prevalence in Sweden where it was first described, but now known to occur worldwide. The classical triad of ichthyosis, mental retardation and spasticity characterizes clinical features. Read More

Clin Genet 2020 05 9;97(5):770-778. Epub 2020 Feb 9.

Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Inherited ichthyoses are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders related to over 40 genes. To identify underlying molecular causes in inherited ichthyosis among Chinese and to correlate genotype and phenotype, 35 probands clinically diagnosed inherited ichthyosis, except ichthyosis vulgaris and X-linked ichthyosis, were included in our study. Molecular analysis was performed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) through multi-gene panel testing targeting all ichthyosis-related genes. Read More

Int J Neurosci 2020 Nov 29;130(11):1156-1160. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, China.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is a rare, autosomal, recessive neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the gene, which encodes the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme. Deficiency in fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase results in an abnormal accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes in the brain and skin, which cause spasticity, intellectual disability, ichthyosis, and other clinical manifestations. We present the clinical features and mutation analyses of a case of SLS. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 Apr 7;19(4):789-798. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

Department of Developmental Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Background/objectives: Sjogren - Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease of the mutation ALDH3A2 that identifies a part of fatty acids for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase: NAD-oxidoreductase enzyme complex. This study aimed to access variant ALDH3A2 gene coded for FALDH and products regulating pathogenic melanogenesis owing to increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species resulting in DNA harm in SLS. By turning them into fatty acids, FALDH avoids the accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes. Read More

Ophthalmic Genet 2019 08 12;40(4):298-308. Epub 2019 Sep 12.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA.

: Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive crystalline maculopathy, congenital ichthyosis, spasticity and intellectual disability. We review the genetic, biochemical and clinical aspects of SLS with a particular focus on the ophthalmologic features of the disease.: Published reports of SLS are combined with clinical experience to provide an overview of this disease. Read More

Arch Dermatol Res 2019 Nov 6;311(9):721-730. Epub 2019 Aug 6.

Clinical Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Assessment of ten Egyptian patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) detected; unusual clinical manifestations, a first report of brain atrophy in SLS, some patients exhibited neither retinal dots nor white matter changes previously reported as essential manifestations. We identified five mutations in ALDH3A2 gene including a novel one and suggest a founder effect. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of lipid metabolism caused by mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene that codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and result in a triad of ichthyosis, spasticity, and mental retardation. Read More

J Hum Genet 2019 Sep 5;64(9):859-865. Epub 2019 Jul 5.

Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.

Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia and intellectual disability. It is an inborn error of lipid metabolism caused by biallelic mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene encoding the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase that plays a pivotal role in metabolism of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols. In this report, we describe the clinical, neuro-radiological and molecular findings of 35 patients with SLS. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2019 06 7;3(6):500-509. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Purpose: To study long-term macular changes by spectral-domain (SD) OCT in patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Twenty-two patients with genetically proven SLS (12 female, 10 male; median age, 21 years; range, 3-47 years) were included in the study. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Nov 6;33(11):2095-2100. Epub 2019 May 6.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: From clinical experience, we know that itch is a major concern for many ichthyosis patients. Nonetheless, no previous studies specifically addressed the issue of itch in ichthyosis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to specifically address the burden of itch and all its dimensions in ichthyosis patients. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Sep 29;97(6):e877-e886. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Purpose: To identify the accurate clinical diagnosis of rare syndromic inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) based on the combination of clinical and genetic analyses.

Methods: Four unrelated families with various autosomal recessive syndromic inherited retinal diseases were genetically investigated using whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Results: Two affected subjects in family MOL0760 presented with a distinctive combination of short stature, developmental delay, congenital mental retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Read More

Neuropediatrics 2019 04 4;50(2):89-95. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Amalia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Aim: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessively inherited neurometabolic disease caused by an enzyme defect in lipid metabolism. Patients suffer from intellectual disability, bilateral spastic paresis, ichthyosis, visual impairment, and photophobia. Knowledge about the meaning of having SLS in daily life is lacking. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2018;1085:181-182

Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

Glistening yellow-white crystalline inclusions in foveal and parafoveal areas are almost pathognomonic (Fig. 36.1). Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2018 12;116(6):e773-e777

Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Medicina Experimental, Centro Médico Nacional "20 de Noviembre", ISSSTE.

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is characterized by congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation and spastic diplegia or quadriplegia. The primary defect in this syndrome is mutation of ALDH3A2 gen that codes for the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Deficiency of this enzyme causes an accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes, leading to altered cell-membrane integrity. Read More

Rev Neurol 2018 Nov;67(10):415-416

Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Espana.

Hum Mutat 2019 02 26;40(2):177-186. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

The Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the ALDH3A2 gene, which codes for fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH). FALDH prevents the accumulation of toxic fatty aldehydes by converting them into fatty acids. Pathogenic ALDH3A2 variants cause symptoms such as ichthyosis, spasticity, intellectual disability, and a wide range of less common clinical features. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2018 Sep-Oct;9(5):338-340

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2018 09;49(9):e78-e82

Three adult siblings with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) demonstrated signs of late-stage SLS maculopathy, including intraretinal crystals, atrophic changes, and lipofuscin deposition. This first report of SLS maculopathy imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography revealed decreased retinal capillary density, vessel dilation, and increased flow voids in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. Read More

BMC Med Genet 2018 08 29;19(1):152. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.

Background: Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is a hereditary neurocutaneous syndrome that is non-progressive in nature. Although neuroregression has been reported in seizure-prone preschool children requiring anti-epileptic treatment, teenage-onset dystonia precipitating neurodegeneration without any immediate causal events has yet to be reported.

Case Presentation: We describe a young woman with spastic diplegia and intellectual disability who began to show progressive neurological deterioration from 12 years of age, with the onset of dystonia and tremor. Read More

FASEB J 2019 01 7;33(1):928-941. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; and.

Insulation by myelin lipids is essential to fast action potential conductivity: changes in their quality or amount can cause several neurologic disorders. Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is one such disorder, which is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying SLS pathology has remained unknown. Read More

J Pediatr Neurosci 2018 Jan-Mar;13(1):34-38

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

Background: The neuro-ichthyotic diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and neuroradiological findings and to analyze mutation in 15 patients with neuro-ichthyotic diseases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 15 patients with the diagnosis of neuro-ichthyotic diseases. Read More