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Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020 May 26:3489420929717. Epub 2020 May 26.

Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Objective: To examine the use of intramuscular corticosteroid (IMCS) injections for treatment of acute upper respiratory infections (URI) and the influence on healthcare utilization.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used patient encounter data from a large multicenter regional health care system between 2013 and 2017. Adult patients diagnosed with acute URI (acute pharyngitis, acute sinusitis, acute otitis media, and URI not otherwise specified) during ambulatory encounters were included. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2020 May 26:3489420918266. Epub 2020 May 26.

Institute for Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.

Objective: Previous investigations suggest the use of extract from the root of (EPs 7630) for the therapy of uncomplicated acute upper airway inflammations, due to its strong antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effect. We aimed to compare clinical efficacy, safety and bactericidal effect of EPs 7630 and amoxicillin monotherapy in treatment of patients with mild to moderate acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS).

Methods: Fifty ABRS patients were divided into two groups by randomization. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 6;135:110086. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.

Introduction: It is unknown the optimal extent of sinus surgery in pediatric patients with orbital cellulitis. Our aim was to determine the nationwide incidence of sinus procedures used to treat pediatric orbital cellulitis. Additionally, we sought to identify patient-factors that influence a multi-procedural approach. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 May 6;135:110078. Epub 2020 May 6.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Objectives: Assess characteristics and outcomes of orbital complications of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in the pediatric population and evaluate trends over time.

Methods: A literature search of pediatric orbital complications was performed in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Studies reporting data for at least 10 subjects with orbital complications of sinusitis under 18 years old were included. Read More

J Telemed Telecare 2020 May 11:1357633X20917497. Epub 2020 May 11.

Department of Pediatrics, Erlanger Medical Center, USA.

Aims: We report a novel pilot project that allows access to healthcare for children and staff at school via a mobile clinic or telemedicine portal connected to the mobile clinic. The objectives of this pilot project were (a) to perform physicals for children not attached to a primary care physician; (b) to provide medical consultations and treatment for acute illnesses of students and staff, and (c) to lower absenteeism rates among students and staff.

Methods: In 2013, Ronald McDonald House Charities, a non-profit organization, partnered with Children's Hospital of Erlanger to provide a mobile clinic trademarked Ronald McDonald Care Mobile utilising a large, box-style truck equipped with examination rooms and a telemedicine portal. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Université de Thies, Thies, Senegal.

Introduction: Locoregional complications of sinusitis are dominated by oculo-orbital and/or cranioencephalic manifestations that may be life-threatening or jeopardize functional prognosis. The aim of this study was to report epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study included inpatients managed for sinusitis complications in the ENT and neurosurgery departments of the Fann university hospital center in Dakar, Senegal between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2016. Read More

Harefuah 2020 Mar;159(3):163-165

Galilee Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine "D", Nahariya.

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP), an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma acquired in the community, is generally treated in an outpatient setting and involves different etiological agents. In the adult community, the most common pathogen in the disease is Streptococcus pneumonia, though other multiple etiological agents (atypical) have been involved, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila. The genus Moraxella consists of aerobic, oxidase-positive gram-negative coccobacilli. Read More

PLoS One 2020 12;15(3):e0230183. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), including the common cold, pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common diagnoses among patients seeking medical care in western countries, and account for most antibiotic prescriptions. While a confirmed and fast ARTI diagnosis is key for antibiotic prescribing, empiric antimicrobial treatment remains common, because viral symptoms are often clinically similar and difficult to distinguish from those caused by bacteria. As a result, inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions are high and in certain settings likely higher than the commonly estimated 30%. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2020 May 5;26(5):506-509. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.

Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycete fungus, is a quite rare cause of invasive sinusitis for which no standard treatment has yet been established. We report herein a 59-year-old woman who developed S. commune rhinosinusitis after remission induction chemotherapy for her acute myeloid leukemia. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jun 3;277(6):1667-1674. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of ENT (Rhinology and Anterior Skull Base Unit), Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India.

Purpose: We aimed to ascertain whether using an aggressive initial surgical protocol would reduce the need for repeated sinus surgery in patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS).

Methods: Patients with AIFS prospectively underwent clinicoradiological assessment followed by bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and debridement of affected tissue. Antifungal therapy was also administered. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020 Apr 27;10(4):496-504. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Rhinology, Sinus and Skull Base, Kentuckiana Ear, Nose, & Throat, Louisville, KY.

Background: Sinusitis and rhinitis are common diseases for which patients seek medical attention. Alternative therapies constitute a multibillion-dollar industry despite poorly established efficacy and safety profiles. This study was designed to identify and grade the evidence for alternative therapies purported to treat sinusitis and rhinitis. Read More

Laryngoscope 2020 Feb 17. Epub 2020 Feb 17.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Objectives/hypothesis: The surgical versus medical management of subperiosteal abscess can be controversial. The purpose of this study was to summarize current literature and provide pooled analyses to help direct management decisions.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 May/Jun;31(3):787-790

Private Practice, Fairfax, VA.

Freeman-Burian syndrome (FBS), formerly Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, is a complex myopathic craniofacial syndrome. Functional craniofacial deformities resulting in respiratory, eating, auditory, or speech impairments often are present to varying degrees in this unique population. There are few references in the literature addressing diagnosis, evaluation, operative counseling, and craniofacial management of FBS, and guidance was absent. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2020 14;66:394-397. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Introduction: Chronic maxillary atelectasis (CMA) is traditionally described as a rare, acquired condition of persistent and progressive antral wall collapse causing a reduction in maxillary sinus volume. In a handful of cases, CMA has been identified in patients with previously normal computed tomography (CT) imaging. However, maxillary atelectasis occurring rapidly after pituitary surgery, despite a normal pre-operative CT scan, has not previously been described in the literature. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020 Mar 23;21(4):427-433. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

: Rhinosinusitis is an extremely prevalent condition with significant health-care expenditure and socio-economic burden. Although symptomatically patients with acute and chronic rhinosinusitis present similarly, the underlying pathogenesis of these conditions is different.: This perspective discusses the various treatment options for both acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and examines some of the challenges in choosing appropriate pharmacotherapy. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Apr 19;131:109841. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA.

Objective: To identify risk factors and interventions affecting length of hospitalization (LOH) and clinical outcome in children with intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of 12 children hospitalized at 2 academic medical centers for intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis over the past 5 years.

Results: 12 patients were identified with an average age at presentation of 13 years old. Read More

Cureus 2019 Nov 18;11(11):e6182. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Internal Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is one of three described anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). Early diagnosis and treatment of GPA is paramount, as it may help prevent irreversible end-organ damage, especially renal and pulmonary failure. A 72-year-old male with a past medical history of lung adenocarcinoma in remission, chronic sinusitis status-post multiple sinus surgeries, and coronary artery disease presented with shortness of breath, dark urine, and asymmetric polyarthralgias. Read More

Vestn Otorinolaringol 2019 ;84(5):55-60

Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia, 117152.

He article describes an observational (non-intervening) research 'Analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of the Polyvalent Piobacteriophage (secstafag) in the treatment of acute sinusitis'. The obtained results prove the effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of this ENT pathology. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 11 30;11:CD001176. Epub 2019 Nov 30.

University of California San Diego, Division of Gastroenterology, La Jolla, California, USA.

Background: Pouchitis occurs in approximately 50% of patients following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis (UC).

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of medical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute or chronic pouchitis.

Search Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 25 July 2018. Read More

Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019 Nov 26;21(12):53. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Modern advances in oncologic and end-organ therapies have led to an increase in immunocompromised patients and a corresponding rise in acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS). Here, we present a comprehensive medical and surgical approach to the diagnosis and management of immunocompromised cancer and transplant patients with AIFS.

Recent Findings: Aspergillus and Mucorales are the most common fungi to cause AIFS, though atypical fungal pathogens have been implicated particularly among patients on azole prophylaxis. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Feb 13;91:1-8. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Division of General Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University Hospital, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Jichi Medical University Hospital, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. Electronic address:

Objectives: To evaluate condition-specific antibiotic prescription rates and the appropriateness of antibiotic use in outpatient settings in Japan.

Methods: Using Japan's national administrative claims database, all outpatient visits with infectious disease diagnoses were linked to reimbursed oral antibiotic prescriptions. Prescription rates stratified by age, sex, prefecture, and antibiotic category were determined for each infectious disease diagnosis. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Nov 4;6(11):ofz432. Epub 2019 Oct 4.

Boise VA Medical Center, Boise, Idaho, USA.

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) occur primarily in children, whereas acute otitis externa (AOE) occurs with similar frequency in children and adults. Data on the incidence and management of otitis in adults are limited. This study characterizes the incidence, antibiotic management, and outcomes for adults with otitis diagnoses. Read More

FP Essent 2019 Nov;486:11-18

Hospital Medicine for Family Physicians Fellowship at Womack Army Medical Center, 2817 Reilly Road Fort Bragg, NC 28310-7301.

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) include the common cold, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, and acute otitis media (AOM). URTIs account for billions of dollars in annual health care costs; acute respiratory tract infections are the most common reason for acute care appointments. Although URTIs typically are viral, these infections are the most common reason for prescription of antibiotics in adults. Read More

Allergy Asthma Proc 2019 11;40(6):380-384

Rhinosinusitis is defined as inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses and affects approximately 12% of the population. Acute rhinosinusitis is defined as symptoms that last < 12 weeks, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as symptoms that last > 12 weeks. CRS is divided into three groups: CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Read More

Eur J Radiol Open 2019 11;6:258-264. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Hale Building, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Purpose: Superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis (SOVT) is an extremely rare condition. Few studies have been published about clinical aspects of this condition. In this study, we have studied the symptoms, underlying etiologies, treatment, pathogenesis and complication of the SOVT and we tried to classify it based on the etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2020 Mar 15;137(2):99-103. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Aix-Marseille University, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, La Timone Children's Hospital, 264, rue St Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.

Importance: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to inhibit chemotaxis, oxidative burst and phagocytosis, bacterial killing in granulocytes as well as inhibiting neutrophil aggregation or degranulation, thereby interfering with the function of lymphocytes. On the other hand, ibuprofen is widely prescribed in pediatrics for its powerful analgesic and antipyretic effects. To our knowledge, no previous publication outlines the relationship between Ibuprofen therapy and an increased risk of intracranial and/or orbital complications of acute fronto-ethmoidal sinusitis in childhood. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jan 26;128:109696. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Background: Orbital and intracranial complications of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) are uncommon. With a risk of significant morbidity, hospital utilization and the financial burden of these entities are often high. We sought to assess utilization trends for complicated ARS and elucidate which factors influence cost. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Sep;98(39):e17365

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Rationale: Periorbital cellulitis or an orbital abscess caused by acute sinusitis is a serious acute infectious disease. If not treated in time, serious complications may occur.

Patient Concerns: A 16-year-old girl with a history of right-sided proptosis, periorbital swelling, chemosis, hypophasis, restricted ocular movement in the upward direction, and diminution of vision was referred to our institution. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Jan 24;128:109695. Epub 2019 Sep 24.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Objectives: 1) Evaluate the changing prevalence of complications from pediatric acute bacterial rhinosinusitis and 2) elucidate factors associated with the development of complicated acute rhinosinusitis in this population.

Study Design/setting: Cross-sectional analyses of the Kids' Inpatient Database.

Subjects And Methods: Children <20 years with a diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis were included. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Sep 23;8(10). Epub 2019 Sep 23.

Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy.

Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is an extremely common condition in the pediatric and adolescent populations that can lead to various medical conditions, including acute rhinosusitis, with a percentage of these progressing to chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The relationship between AH and pediatric CRS has been extensively studied over the past few years and clinical consensus on the treatment has now been reached, allowing this treatment to become the preferred clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to review existing literature and data on the relationship between AH and CRS and the options for treatment. Read More

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019 ;22(9):657-662

Department of Biochemistry, Harran University Medical Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Aim And Objective: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contribute in a causal way to the development of the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the plasma-free amino acid profile in patients with nasal polyposis and to compare the results with a healthy control group. Read More

Rhinology 2019 Dec;57(6):420-429

Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse rates of antibiotic usage in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in primary care in England and Wales and to identify trends in the choice of antibiotics prescribed.

Methods: We used linked data from primary care EHRs, with diagnoses coded using the Read terminology (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) from consenting general practices, with (2) hospital care administrative records (Hospital Episode Statistics, HES recorded using ICD-10).

Results: From the total of 88,317 cases of CRS identified, 40,462 (46%) had an antibiotic prescription within 5 days of their first CRS diagnosis. Read More

Auris Nasus Larynx 2020 Feb 31;47(1):18-24. Epub 2019 Aug 31.

Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.

The guidance deals with the recommended applications, procedures, and safety management of nebulizer therapy for acute rhinosinusitis. In Japan, nebulizer therapy for sinusitis has been covered by public health insurance since 1958 and has been commonly carried out nationwide. The Japan Society for Infection and Aerosol in Otorhinolaryngology and the Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan set up a working group to draw up a consensus guidance on nebulizer therapy for acute rhinosinusitis. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2019 14;9:26. Epub 2019 Jun 14.

Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, United States.

Pneumocephalus is a rare presentation of sinusitis. The purpose of this case series and literature review is to highlight the critical importance of recognizing pneumocephalus on initial brain imaging, since it may serve as the first sign of acute sinusitis with intracranial complication. Although sinusitis is a treatable condition with appropriate and timely antibiotic therapy, failure to recognize intracranial extension and delays to prompt surgical drainage could lead to a dire clinical course. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2019 Sep 13;136(4):289-294. Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Service d'ORL, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Objectives: To present the guidelines of the French Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery concerning the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in pediatric ENT infections.

Methods: Based on a critical analysis of the medical literature up to November 2016, a multidisciplinary workgroup of 11 practitioners wrote clinical practice guidelines. Levels of evidence were classified according to the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system: GRADE A, B, C or "expert opinion". Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2019 Aug 6;19(1):143. Epub 2019 Aug 6.

Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: A minority of patients presenting with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) to their general practitioner (GP) have community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and require antibiotic therapy. Identifying them is challenging, because of overlapping symptomatology and low diagnostic performance of chest X-ray. Procalcitonin (PCT) can be safely used to decide on antibiotic prescription in patients with LRTI. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 11 30;161(5):890-896. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Acute exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis (AECRS) is associated with significant quality-of-life decreases. We sought to determine characteristics associated with an exacerbation-prone phenotype in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Read More

Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019 Nov 16;33(6):700-705. Epub 2019 Jul 16.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center at Oakland, Oakland, California.

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019 10;38(10):994-998

Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Background: The major clinical dilemma managing acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in pediatric population is distinguishing uncomplicated rhinosinusitis from a complicated bacterial ARS and orbital complications, the latter requiring antimicrobials and surgical intervention. However, factors associated with severe orbital complications and the optimum management strategy remains controversial. The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical outcomes of children with orbital complications of ARS and to identify risk factors associated with disease severity. Read More

Rhinology 2019 Oct;57(5):367-374

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.

Background: This randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tavipec® (Spicae aetheroleum), a phytomedicine obtained by steam distillation of the flowering tops of Lavandula latifolia, as compared to placebo in adult patients suffering from acute viral rhinosinusitis.

Methodology: Patients with acute viral rhinosinusitis were randomly assigned to treatment with 2 capsules Tavipec® 150 mg or placebo thrice daily over a period of 7 days in a double-blind, parallel-group design. No additional treatment was admitted. Read More

World Allergy Organ J 2019 17;12(4):100027. Epub 2019 May 17.

School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Background: Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) could be a biomarker for nasal passage inflammation and sinus ostial patency. We have aimed to investigate the nNO concentration and the effect of antibiotic therapy in children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) children with/without acute bacterial sinusitis.

Methods: We enrolled a cohort of 90 and 31 children with PAR, without and with acute unilateral maxillary sinusitis, and 79 normal children. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 17;12:1353-1361. Epub 2019 May 17.

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan.

This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose, short-dose levofloxacin in comparison with conventional therapy on treating acute bacterial infection. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database were searched up to September 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating high-dose, short-course levofloxacin and conventional regimen in the treatment of acute bacterial infection were included. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2019 Aug 29;20(2):863-870. Epub 2019 May 29.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China.

CaMKII is a calcium‑activated kinase, proved to be modulated by oxidation. Currently, the oxidative activation of CaMKII exists in several models of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, acute ischemic stroke and cancer. Oxidized CaMKII (ox‑CaMKII) may be important in several of these diseases. Read More

Indian J Pharmacol 2019 Mar-Apr;51(2):123-125

Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.

Fluoroquinolones are the commonly used antimicrobials in the treatment of urinary tract infection, bacterial diarrhea, and infections of soft tissue, bone, and joints. They may cause adverse effects ranging from gastrointestinal disturbances, headache, insomnia, and cutaneous reactions. Their rare adverse effects include phototoxicity, cardiotoxicity, arthropathy, and tendinitis. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 05 28;5:CD001176. Epub 2019 May 28.

Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.

Background: Pouchitis occurs in approximately 50% of patients following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for chronic ulcerative colitis (UC).

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the efficacy and safety of medical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute or chronic pouchitis.

Search Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 25 July 2018. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019 Oct 14;128(10):932-937. Epub 2019 May 14.

1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Langone Health, NY, USA.

Objective: To evaluate rates of epiphora after transection and marsupialization of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) during endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery.

Introduction: The nasolacrimal canal forms part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. Transecting the NLD is sometimes necessary for tumor resection or surgical access to maxillary sinus and infratemporal fossa pathology. Read More

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019 05;9(S1):S32-S46

Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Background: Research has progressed rapidly in recent decades to better understand the etiopathogenesis and management paradigms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Although oral antibiotics often mitigate symptoms in acute CRS exacerbations, eradication of polymicrobial biofilms and multidrug-resistant bacteria remains a challenge. The goal of this review is to summarize and discuss the potential and pitfalls of topical medications in the treatment of CRS. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2019 May 9:145561319848990. Epub 2019 May 9.

1 Department of Otolaryngology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.

Background: The pathogens most commonly associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis include Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The pathogens most commonly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis include Staphylococcus aureus and various anaerobic organisms, including Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, and Peptostreptococcus. This case report illustrates a case of chronic rhinosinusitis associated with the Staphylococcus lentus organism, a well-known animal pathogen that has never been documented in the sinonasal cavity before. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Aug 23;28(8):e107-e109. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Department of internal madicine, Rasool-e Akram hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, a vasculitis affecting small and medium sized vessels usually affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, the kidneys, and the eyes. Neurologic manifestation in central nervous system (CNS) is less frequent than the peripheral and usually is in form of stroke. Few cases of lateral medullary ischemic stroke (Wallenberg syndrome) due to GPA have been reported. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2019 Apr;15(648):875-881

Département de médecine de famille, Centre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique (Unisanté), 1011 Lausanne.

Respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis or sinusitis and urinary tract infections are common in the family doctor's office. Bronchitis and sinusitis are mostly of viral origin and antibiotics rarely hold a place in their management, while urinary tract infections most often require the prescription of antibiotics. In both situations, patients often seek complementary medicines to relieve symptoms or prevent recurrences. Read More