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Clin Perinatol 2019 Mar 12;46(1):89-100. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1540 East Hospital Drive, SPC 4211, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA. Electronic address:

Necrotizing enterocolitis occurs in 14% of infants less than 1000 g. Preoperative management varies widely, and the only absolute indication for surgery is pneumoperitoneum. Multiple biomarkers and scoring systems are under investigation, but clinical practice is still largely driven by surgeon judgment. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Feb 14:e13559. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Research Unit for General Practice, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.

Background: Gastroenteritis has been associated with complications such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue (CF). Little is known about the implications for quality of life (QoL) in this setting. The aims of this study were to evaluate the association between exposure to Giardia infection and QoL ten years after the infection, and how this related to IBS and CF. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2019 Jan 19. Epub 2019 Jan 19.

Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Purpose: Quantify short-term outcomes associated with initial surgery [laparotomy (LAP) vs. peritoneal drain (PD)] for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods: Using the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database, we identified ELBW infants <32 weeks' gestation with surgical NEC (sNEC). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(7):e14513

Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.

Background: Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota disorders potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can be partly reflected by fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from gut microbiota. Previous studies on SCFA alterations in patients with IBS have yielded conflicting results. No prior systematic review has been conducted on the alterations in fecal SCFAs in IBS patients. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.

Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a fatal complication of short bowel syndrome managed with parenteral nutrition. A clinical cohort study reported the usefulness of parenteral administration of fish-derived omega-3 fatty acids in improving IFALD; however, no biomarker has been developed as yet. The authors report the case of a preterm infant with IFALD complicated by extensive short bowel syndrome. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2019 13;2019:2548631. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka.

Small bowel diverticulosis is an uncommon entity. Clinical presentation of small intestinal diverticulosis is variable. A high mortality is associated with complications such as chronic malnutrition, haemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, and perforation. Read More

Obes Surg 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Digestive and Metabolic Surgery, Avicenne University Hospital, Centre intégré Nord Francilien de la prise en charge de l'Obésité (CINFO), Université Paris XIII-UFR SMBH « Léonard de Vinci », 125 route de Stalingrad, 93000, Bobigny, France.

Background: Severe post-operative malnutrition (SM) is a dreaded complication after gastric bypass often related to the short bowel syndrome consecutive limb length mismeasurement or intestinal resections. Patients with rapid weight loss or malnutrition can experience liver failure with cirrhosis and require liver transplantation (LT). Malnutrition can constitute a contraindication to LT since it negatively impacts on postoperative morbidity. Read More

J Visc Surg 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.

Background: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is associated with a mortality of 60-80%. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment have a decisive influence on therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of AMI markers on mortality, in order to better anticipate the clinical course and to initiate therapeutic steps at an early stage. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood St (M/C 716), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.

Background: Teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 2 analog, has demonstrated efficacy in treating adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and dependence on parenteral nutrition (PN), but its role in chronic malabsorptive states that do not necessitate PN remains uncertain.

Aims: To evaluate teduglutide use beyond its approved indications and to discuss the results of this adjunctive treatment in patients resistant to established therapy.

Results: This series reports four patients treated with teduglutide off-label. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen-UCLA School of Medicine, Sylmar and Los Angeles, California, USA.

Dig Dis Sci 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; Crohn's disease, CD and Ulcerative colitis, UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have overlapping symptoms. Few prevalence studies of IBS in quiescent IBD have used colonoscopy with histology to confirm inactive disease. The aims were (1) to determine the percentage of IBD patients in deep remission whose persistent IBS-like symptoms (IBD/IBS+) would cause them to be classified as having active disease, based on the calculation of Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI) or UC disease activity index (UCDAI); (2) to identify demographic and disease characteristics that are associated with IBD/IBS+. Read More

Adv Nutr 2019 Jan;10(suppl_1):S49-S66

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain.

Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts; however, dead bacteria and their components can also exhibit probiotic properties. Bifidobacterium and strains of lactic acid bacteria are the most widely used bacteria that exhibit probiotic properties and are included in many functional foods and dietary supplements. Probiotics have been shown to prevent and ameliorate the course of digestive disorders such as acute, nosocomial, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea; allergic disorders such as atopic dermatitis (eczema) and allergic rhinitis in infants; and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and some inflammatory bowel disorders in adults. Read More

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Objective: To assess outcomes of endovascular reperfusion followed by delayed open aortic repair for stable patients with acute type A aortic dissection and mesenteric malperfusion syndrome (mesMPS).

Methods: Among 602 patients with acute type A aortic dissection who presented to our center from 1996 to 2017, all 82 (14%) with mesMPS underwent upfront endovascular fenestration/stenting. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and long-term survival. Read More

J Surg Res 2019 Apr 3;236:326-331. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Electronic address:

Background: Parenterally administered selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as citalopram, increase intestinal mucosal absorptive surface by day 7 of treatment. We hypothesized that enteral citalopram would also induce intestinal mucosal growth, thus allowing for therapy with an oral agent.

Materials And Methods: Following a habituation period, C57BL/6 mice received peanut butter pellets containing 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/d citalopram for 7 d (n = 5); or 25 mg/kg/d citalopram for 14 (n = 3) or 21 (n = 5) d; or plain peanut butter pellets for 7 (n = 2), 14 (n = 2), or 21 d (n = 3). Read More

Curr Opin Pediatr 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital.

Purpose Of Review: Ultra-short bowel syndrome is relatively rare and has not yet been extensively reported. In ultra-short bowel syndrome, poor absorption of nutrients and dysmotility, interfere with fluid, energy, electrolyte and micronutrient balance. Patients with this disorder are managed through prolonged parenteral nutrition with the ultimate goal of achieving enteral autonomy. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019 Feb 5;29:242-244. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Australian Intestinal Transplant Service, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, 3084, Victoria, Australia.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is defined as having less than 200 cm of functional small bowel. Malabsorptive diarrhoea and dehydration are difficult to manage despite medical therapy and dietary manipulations. Evidence shows that supplementing the diet with High Amylase Resistant Starch (HARS) can reduce diarrhoea from a number of causes including gastroenteritis. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019 Feb 4;29:119-124. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, West Yorkshire, UK. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Children on home parenteral nutrition and their parents not only engage with complex nutritional issues but also have to manage difficult social and financial problems with social and clinical support that may not always meet their needs. Baxter's HPN-QOL questionnaire, assesses the QOL of adult patients treated with HPN, and has been developed rigorously using standard guidelines, measuring various dimensions of QOL. Our aim was to use this tool to explore how HPN influences the QOL of paediatric patients. Read More

Early Hum Dev 2019 Jan 16;130:38-43. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Background: Survival rates of infants with intestinal failure (IF) are increasing, yet multiple medical factors may impact development.

Aims: This study examines neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12-15 and 26-32 months corrected age in a cohort of children with IF.

Study Design: Prospective single centre neurodevelopmental assessments of children admitted to an intestinal rehabilitation program between 2011 and 2013. Read More

Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

The Dumont UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address:

Background: Though intestinal failure (IF) after bariatric surgery (BS) is uncommon, its prevalence is increasing. However, data on the outcomes for these patients are limited.

Objectives: To analyze the outcomes of treatment for patients with IF after BS. Read More

Nutrition 2019 Apr 11;60:212-216. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Center for Chronic Intestinal Failure, St Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Electronic address:

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate kidney function outcome in adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure using the newly recommended equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessment in clinical practice.

Methods: This was an observational study with 72 patients. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected at initiation of HPN (retrospective baseline [BL]), at inclusion in the study (cross-sectional [CS]), and at the end of a 30-mo prospective follow-up (Fup). Read More

Tissue Eng Part A 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

The Hackam Laboratory Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Edward D. Miller Research Building 733 N. Broadway, Room 471, Pediatric Surgery , Johns Hopkins Childrens Center , Baltimore, Maryland, United States , 21208 ;

The goal of this study was to develop a scaffold for the generation of an artificial intestine that specifically mimics the architecture and biomechanical properties of the native small intestine, and to evaluate the scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Scaffolds mimicking the microarchitecture of native intestine were fabricated from poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) with a thickness of 647 µm (± 241 µm) and villus height of 340 µm (± 29.5 µm). Read More

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019 Jan 15;16(1). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.

Background: Research has demonstrated that low fermentable oligiosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diets improve gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome sufferers. Exercise-related GI issues are a common cause of underperformance, with current evidence focusing on the use of FODMAP approaches with recreationally competitive or highly trained athletes. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the potential benefit of FODMAP strategies to support healthy, recreational athletes who experience GI  issues during training. Read More

Clin Nutr 2019 Jan 2. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Nutrition Support Team, Division of Gastroenterology, IMAD, University Hospital, Nantes, France; INRA UMR 1280 PHAN, University of Nantes, IMAD, CRNH-Ouest, France. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: As citrulline is produced by small intestine, plasma citrulline concentration is decreased and may become essential in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). In a rat model of SBS, citrulline supplementation enhanced muscle protein synthesis. The aim of the study was to determine whether citrulline impacts whole body protein metabolism in patients with SBS. Read More

Arq Bras Cir Dig 2019 Jan 7;32(1):e1417. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Laboratory of Medical Investigations 37 - LIM 37, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.

Background: Short bowel syndrome is a harmful condition that needs experimental research.

Aim: To assess the impact of the ileocecal valve removal in a model of short bowel syndrome, in order to investigate the evolution of the colon under this circumstance.

Method: Fifteen Wistar rats were equitable divided into: Control (Sham), Group I (70% enterectomy preserving ileocecal valve) and Group II (70% enterectomy excluding ileocecal valve). Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2018 ;62(6):655-660

Serviço de Cirurgia Pediátrica e Transplante Hepático, Laboratório de Investigação em Cirurgia Pediátrica (LIM-30), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure in children, a condition of absence of sufficient bowel to meet the nutritional and metabolic needs of a growing individual. The treatment of patients in this situation is based on the association of parenteral and enteral nutrition for prolonged periods of time until intestinal rehabilitation occurs with complete enteral nutrition autonomy. Six consecutive cases of children with SBS (residual intestinal length of 5 cm to 75 cm) were managed with this program and were diagnosed with associated hypothyroidism during the treatment (ages at the diagnosis 5 months to 12 years). Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019 Jan 6. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is an intestinotrophic factor released from L-cells in the ileum, a segment commonly resected or atretic in neonatal short bowel syndrome (SBS). In piglets, ileal resection decreases intestinal adaptation and endogenous GLP-2 production, whereas exogenous replacement promotes adaptation. In this study, we determined the effect of a novel long-acting GLP-2 analogue, FE 203799 (FE; apraglutide), upon intestinal growth, adaptation, and function in neonatal SBS piglets without ileum. Read More

BMJ Paediatr Open 2018 4;2(1):e000316. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Background And Objective: Paediatric intestinal failure (IF) is a disease entity characterised by gut insufficiency often related to short bowel syndrome. It is commonly caused by surgical removal of a large section of the small intestine in association with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), which usually affects premature infants. This study investigated the incidence and risk of IF in preterm infants with or without NEC. Read More

BMC Surg 2019 Jan 3;19(1). Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Colorectal Surgery. S Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate morbidity, mortality, postoperative function and recurrences in patients treated by Altemeier's rectosigmoidectomy for complete rectal prolapse in a referral center for pelvic floor functional disorders.

Methods: Peri-operative data on 43 consecutive female patients were reviewed. At follow-up any change in pelvic floor function and recurrences were determined. Read More

Int J Colorectal Dis 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Purpose: Persistent fecal incontinence beyond childhood is common in ARM patients. The aim of this study was to analyze a consecutive series of adult patients with persistent incontinence, establish the causes, and evaluate whether further treatment could be offered.

Methods: Forty-four adult ARM patients with reported incontinence were invited. Read More

Gastroenterol Nurs 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Maja Vugrinec Mamic´, MD, is Doctor, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Iva Hojsak, MD, PhD, is Doctor, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Zrinjka Mišak, MD, PhD, is Doctor, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Višnjica Kerman, BN, is Nurse, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. Sanja Kolaček, MD, PhD, is Professor, Referral Center for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; and University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.

The aim of this study was to determine prognostic factors in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome and very short bowel syndrome (defined as less than 25 cm of the bowel with or without colon). This was a retrospective, single-center, observational study that included patients with intestinal failure. Thirty-eight children with short bowel syndrome were included in the study (mean age at diagnosis = 8. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Boston University, Department of Psychology, Boston, Mass.

Background: Chronic multisymptom illness (CMI) is more prevalent among deployed than nondeployed veterans from the first Gulf War. Objective physiologic markers of CMI are lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine whether measurable abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system or hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis would distinguish CMI cases (CMI+) from controls (CMI-) among deployed veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(51):e13267

Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Background: At present, drug therapy for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) has made great progress; however, it does not often produce a satisfying curative effect. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation over acupoints (Acu-TENS) might be more effective in improving patient's symptoms and producing fewer side-effects as a result.Although with a great progress of the drug therapy for IBS-D, it is often hard to achieve its satisfactory curative effect. Read More

Ann Surg 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of pouch reconstruction on perioperative outcomes, postprandial symptoms, nutritional and anthropometric parameters, and overall quality of life after total gastrectomy for gastric malignancy.

Summary Background Data: The short-term perioperative risks and longer term functional value of creating a small-bowel reservoir after total gastrectomy are contended.

Methods: A search for randomized and non-randomized studies comparing reconstruction with or without a pouch was conducted. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2018 Dec 20. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.

Background: Short bowel syndrome results from extensive small bowel resection and induces adaptation of the remaining intestine. Ileocecal resection (ICR) is the most frequent situation in humans. Villus hypertrophy is one hallmark of mucosal adaptation, but the functional mechanisms of mucosal adaptation are incompletely understood. Read More

Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018 28;11:439-445. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Shire, Lexington, MA, USA,

Purpose: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a serious rare disorder that is usually managed with parenteral nutrition. Central venous catheter (CVC)-related complications are known to occur, but their incidence rates (IRs) in Japan are unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of complications in Japanese patients with CVCs, including patients with SBS using CVCs. Read More

Nutrients 2018 Dec 6;10(12). Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II", University Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Background And Aims: The study compares the essential amino acid (EAA) composition of different parenteral nutrition (PN) mixtures with whey protein EAA profile and the theoretical daily EAA requirements (set by WHO/FAO/UNU or IAAO method). According to the individual EAA profile, the potential effect of several PN mixtures was evaluated on the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of patients on home PN.

Methods: Eight AA solutions and fifteen complete PN mixtures were considered. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 13;2018:5042707. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

EKO Children's Hospital, Oberhausen, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany.

The importance for mortality and morbidity of an in-house pediatric surgery unit for premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains undefined. Data on 389 consecutive very low birth weight infants with a birth weight <1250 g admitted between 2009 and 2014 was retrospectively analyzed in two almost identical neonatal intensive care units. Epidemiological data (n=172 and n=217, respectively) were comparable. Read More

Afr J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 2;8(4):164-166. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.

Introduction: The term refers to a clinical syndrome of sudden onset, severe abdominal pain. The differential diagnosis for this presentation is broad, but most cases require emergent medical or surgical management. Especially in cases of ischaemic bowel, time to diagnosis can mean the difference between survival and death. Read More

J Surg Res 2019 Feb 27;234:13-19. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri. Electronic address:

Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) results from extensive bowel resection. Patients with SBS require total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for survival. Understanding mechanisms contributing to TPN-associated liver injury and gut atrophy are critical in developing SBS therapies. Read More

Nutr Hosp 2018 Dec 3;35(6):1491-1496. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

1. Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España. 2. Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica (ISABIAL-FISABIO), Alicante, España..

Aim: to communicate HPN data obtained from the HPN registry of the NADYA-SENPE group (www.nadya-senpe.com) for the year 2017. Read More

J Surg Res 2019 Jan 31;233:231-239. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

Background: Early identification of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) involving the large bowel may play a decisive role in improving the prognosis of AMI. This study aims to compare the outcomes between patients with isolated AMI and AMI patients with colon involvement (CI) and to identify the predictors of worse outcomes. The different surgical modalities for AMI patients with CI were also evaluated. Read More

Am J Surg 2018 Nov 27. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. Electronic address:

The surgical management of intestinal failure secondary to short bowel syndrome has undergone tremendous evolution in the last several decades. From the landmark description of an intestinal lengthening procedure by Bianchi in 1980 to the multidisciplinary modern care paradigm known as intestinal rehabilitation, innovative new treatments in this field have vastly improved patient outcomes. Initial attempts to treat short bowel syndrome surgically saw the birth of reversed intestinal segments, artificial valves and colonic transposition, all aimed at decreasing transit time and thus increasing absorption. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2018 Dec 3. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA.

Background: To support families managing the complex requirements of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in pediatric patients, health professionals need information about HPN indications and complications. Nationally representative information is limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health Market Scan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database was performed and identified 683 patients aged ≤18 years receiving HPN during dates of service from January 2013 through September 2015. Read More

Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018 30;2018:2795468. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Background: Enteral feeds are an essential part of care for infants and may be a potential risk factor in NEC development. The present study objective was to evaluate the relationship between nil per os (NPO) and clinical outcomes in infants with NEC.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 196 premature, low-birth-weight infants with NEC from January 1, 2011, to October 31, 2016, at four academic tertiary care hospitals. Read More

Curr Pediatr Rev 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

University of Florence, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence. Italy.

Management of severe Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is still one of the largest challenges of the medicine. Vast majority of the short bowel patients are children, the conditions that lead to this possible outcome most often are necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), small intestinal volvulus as a result of intestinal malrotation, gastroschisis and the "apple peel" syndrome. Therefore paediatricians and paediatric surgeons face this challenge most often. Read More

Curr Pediatr Rev 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Pediatric surgery Unit - INFERMI Hospital- Rimini. Italy.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant complication for premature newborns. Infants who survive NEC are at increased risk of having poor long-term physiological and neurodevelopmental growth. The objective of this paper is to give a comprehensive description of the long-term consequences of NEC. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2019 Feb;99(1):103-116

Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 3522, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Electronic address:

Intestinal and multivisceral transplants are complex technical procedures that present unique challenges in the field of solid organ transplantation. This review aims to highlight the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications specific to intestinal transplantation. Read More

J Hum Nutr Diet 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Background: People diagnosed with intestinal failure (IF) as a result of short bowel syndrome are dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Measuring nutritional status is essential for monitoring treatment. The present study aimed to determine the agreement and feasibility of three methods bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), ultrasound and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) for measuring body composition in people receiving HPN. Read More

Exp Physiol 2019 Jan 10;104(1):3-10. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

New Findings: What is the topic of this review? Pathophysiological changes linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) include stress and immune activation, changes in gastrointestinal microbial and bile acid profiles and sensitization of extrinsic and intrinsic gut neurons. This review explores the potential role for L-cells in these pathophysiological changes. What advances does it highlight? L-cells, which secrete glucagon-like peptide-1 in response to nutrients, microbial factors, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, may sense IBS-related changes in the luminal environment. Read More