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Front Pediatr 2021 25;9:646686. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Orlando Health-Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States.

Mind body techniques such as meditation improve symptoms in children and adults with IBS. Typical courses, however, are lengthy and difficult to administer. We report our experience with a short course of (PD), a child-friendly focused meditation with yoga. Read More

Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Pediatrics, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Aim: Children with congenital gastrointestinal malformations may be at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment due to challenges to the developing brain, including perioperative haemodynamic changes, exposure to anaesthetics and postoperative inflammatory influences. This study aggregates existing evidence on neurodevelopmental outcome in these patients using meta-analysis.

Method: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for peer-reviewed articles published until October 2019. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Centre for Chronic Intestinal Failure.

Introduction: short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare, highly disabling, life-threatening condition due to extensive intestinal resections, characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption and malnutrition. SBS is the main cause of intestinal failure (SBS-IF). The primary therapy for SBS-IF is intravenous supplementation (IVS) of nutrients. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 18;12:689678. Epub 2021 May 18.

School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.

Initially discovered as an impurity in insulin preparations, our understanding of the hyperglycaemic hormone glucagon has evolved markedly over subsequent decades. With description of the precursor proglucagon, we now appreciate that glucagon was just the first proglucagon-derived peptide (PGDP) to be characterised. Other bioactive members of the PGDP family include glucagon-like peptides -1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2), oxyntomodulin (OXM), glicentin and glicentin-related pancreatic peptide (GRPP), with these being produced tissue-specific processing of proglucagon by the prohormone convertase (PC) enzymes, PC1/3 and PC2. Read More

Dig Liver Dis 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, United Kingdom; Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

Background: The low FODMAP diet (LFD) is effective in managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the short term. This study assessed the long-term effect of the LFD on symptoms, nutritional composition and socialising.

Methods: Patients with IBS who received dietetic-led LFD advice were approached at long term follow up (>6 months post LFD advice) from six centres across the United Kingdom. Read More

Gut Microbes 2021 Jan-Dec;13(1):1-16

Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been correlated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is being explored as a therapeutic option. Little is known of the mechanisms of engraftment of microbes following FMT and whether the engraftment of certain microbes correlate with clinical improvement in IBS. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 13;13(5). Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.

Dietary fibre has long been established as a nutritionally important, health-promoting food ingredient. Modern dietary practices have seen a significant reduction in fibre consumption compared with ancestral habits. This is related to the emergence of low-fibre "Western diets" associated with industrialised nations, and is linked to an increased prevalence of gut diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Read More

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2021 Jun;60(6):539-543

Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

To determine the seroprevalence of celiac disease in susceptible population, and to analyze the relationship between demographic characteristics, dietary habits, lifestyle and serological positivity so as to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of celiac disease in Southern China. A total of 1 273 individuals who participated in Guangdong Province Health Screening Program in 2015, were selected as serologically positive subjects of celiac disease, including people with irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, diarrhea, anemia, low BMI, short stature, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis and bristol grade=6 or 7. All subjects were tested for serum IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTGA), IgA antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides(DGPA) and IgG against deamidated gliadin peptides (DGPG). Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Regional Specialist Hospital No 3, Rybnik, Poland.

Incident of tetany often requires consultation by endocrinology specialist. We would like to present a case of a patient, whose symptoms where just "tip of the iceberg" for underlying, very serious disorders, which had their beginning many years earlier when she was diagnosed with thrombofilia. Read More

J Proteome Res 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.

Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among various gut microbiota-derived metabolites (GMs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites are the most frequently discussed metabolites. LC-MS/MS shows advantages in quantifying the levels of metabolites with good sensitivity and selectivity; however, the poor ionization efficiency and polar characteristics of SCFAs make their analysis challenging, especially when analyzing plasma samples with low SCFA concentrations. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.

J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021 Jun;377(3):368

J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021 Jun;377(3):369

Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Sydmarken 11, 2860 Søborg, Denmark.

Med J Malaysia 2021 May;76(3):426-428

Sarawak General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is an emergency associated with a high mortality rate. A high index of clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary to improve the patient outcome. The principle of damage control surgery should be adopted in the management of critically ill surgical patients with AMI. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2021 May;27(18):2219-2237

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.

Background: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) seems to be a promising treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. In Western countries (United States and Europe), there is a female predominance in IBS. A sex difference in the response to FMT has been reported recently in IBS patients. Read More

Trends Cell Biol 2021 Jul 20;31(7):517-519. Epub 2021 May 20.

Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009. Electronic address:

Given the mismatch in size and morphology of intestinal organoids with native intestine, their application in intestinal segment regeneration has yet to be achieved. By engrafting ileal organoids in epithelium-removed colon, Sugimoto et al. recently constructed transplantable colonic segments with functional ileal epithelium and a subepithelial lymphovascular system, providing hope for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Jun 20;43:420-427. Epub 2021 Mar 20.

Digestive Disease and Surgical Institute, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave./A51, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address:

Background And Aims: This study aimed to identify predictors and estimate time to teduglutide response among adult patients with short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF) dependent on parenteral support (PS).

Methods: Post-hoc analysis was performed on individual patient data from teduglutide-treated patients in the phase III teduglutide trial STEPS and the STEPS-2 extension. Response was defined as ≥20% PS volume reduction from baseline for two consecutive visits. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.

Introduction: Hospital-acquired central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are "never events" in U.S. healthcare. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 May 20;21(1):580. Epub 2021 May 20.

Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors, although relatively rare in incidence, are now the second most prevalent gastrointestinal neoplasm owing to indolent disease biology. A small but significant sub-group of neuroendocrine tumor patients suffer from diarrhea. This is usually secondary to carcinoid syndrome but can also be a result of short gut syndrome, bile acid excess or iatrogenic etiologies. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2021 Jul;37(7):971

C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

J Pediatr 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Pediatrics. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Bethesda, MD.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between parental injury and illness and disorders of gut brain interaction (DGBI) in children.

Study Design: A self-controlled case series using data from the Military Health System Data Repository compared ICD-9 identified DGBI related outpatient visits and prescriptions in 442,651 children ages 3-16 years in the two-years before and the two-years after the injury and/or illness of their military parent. Negative binomial regression was used to compare visit rates for constipation, fecal incontinence, abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, and a composite of these before and after parental injury and/or illness. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 13;14(5). Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Gastroenterology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland.

We present a case of D-lactic acidosis presenting as a metabolic encephalopathy secondary to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. This patient had a known history of short bowel syndrome. Of note, this case required the alteration of treatment to promote a sustained clinical and biochemical improvement. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: This study characterized the gut microbiota and its diet-related metabolic activity in children with intestinal failure (IF) on parenteral nutrition (PN) compared with healthy controls and in relation to disease characteristics.

Methods: Serial fecal samples were collected from 15 IF patients (n = 68) and from 25 healthy children (n = 25). The fecal microbiota, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were measured. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 12;14(5). Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India.

Limb body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare, lethal malformation characterised by body wall defects, craniofacial and limb anomalies with or without various other organ anomalies. We report a case of dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy discordant for LBWC, diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by MRI at 21 weeks' gestation, managed expectantly and delivered at 35 weeks by emergency caesarean section with a favourable outcome of the unaffected twin. The anomalous twin, who died soon after birth, had a sizeable thoracoabdominal wall defect, eviscerated liver and bowel loops attached to the placenta, short cord, ectopia cordis, lung hypoplasia, kyphoscoliosis, right upper limb amelia and left clubfoot with polydactyly. Read More

BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021 May;8(1)

Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Objective: Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) and colon in continuity have better adaptation potential compared with patients with jejunostomy. Adaptation may involve enhanced postprandial secretion of the enteroendocrine hormones glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and GLP-2 which are normally degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4. Nevertheless, some patients with SBS with colon in continuity suffer from high-volume faecal excretions and have been shown to benefit from treatment with GLP-2. Read More

Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021 Apr 1;17(4):297-300. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Chicago Medicine Chicago IL.

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris - AP-HP), France; SURVI (Structure d'URgences Vasculaires Intestinales), Intestinal Stroke Centre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France; Université de Paris, Paris, France.

Objective: To report the intra-operative adverse events (IOAEs) and the initial and one year outcomes of retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS) using balloon expandable covered stents for acute and chronic mesenteric ischaemia.

Methods: Clinical data and outcomes of all consecutive patients treated with ROMS for acute and chronic mesenteric ischaemia at an intestinal stroke centre between November 2012 and September 2019 were reviewed. ROMS was performed using balloon expandable covered stents. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021 May 7:1-10. Epub 2021 May 7.

1Section of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.

Objective: Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of pathological stretching of the spinal cord leading to progressive loss of neurological function. The gold standard treatment for TCS is a tethered cord release. However, detethering involves significant risks of spinal cord injury and high rates of retethering. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Broward Health Medical Center, Salah Foundation Children's Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Background: Intestinal failure patients dependent on parental nutrition are reliant on central venous catheters and are at increased risk for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). Seventy percent ethanol has been widely used for prophylaxis; however, it is known to have multiple adverse effects. This study demonstrates the implementation of a 30% ethanol lock protocol for CLABSI prevention in a community-based hospital intestinal rehabilitation program. Read More