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Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, uses an effector-mediated strategy to hijack host cells and cause disease. To propagate and spread within human tissues, S. Read More

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Peritoneal Oncology Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100030, China.

Backgrouds: Gastric cancer (GC) is the most common malignancy of the human digestive system and represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. As early GC is generally mild or asymptomatic and advanced GC is commonly diagnosed, early detection has a significant impact on clinical outcomes. This study aimed to identify epigenetic factors (EFs) as potential GC biomarkers. Read More

ACS Cent Sci 2022 Apr 17;8(4):449-460. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

, the causative agent of shigellosis, is among the main causes of diarrheal diseases with still a high morbidity in low-income countries. Relying on chemical synthesis, we implemented a multidisciplinary strategy to design SF2a-TT15, an original glycoconjugate vaccine candidate targeting 2a (SF2a). Whereas the SF2a O-antigen features nonstoichiometric O-acetylation, SF2a-TT15 is made of a synthetic 15mer oligosaccharide, corresponding to three non-O-acetylated repeats, linked at its reducing end to tetanus toxoid by means of a thiol-maleimide spacer. Read More

Chin J Nat Med 2022 May;20(5):364-377

Pharmacy Faculty, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China. Electronic address:

Ma-Mu-Ran Antidiarrheal Capsules (MMRAC) is traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat diarrhea caused by acute enteritis (AE) and bacillary dysentery in Xinjiang (China) for many years. However, the potential therapeutic mechanism of MMRAC for AE and its regulatory mechanism on host metabolism is unclear. This study used fecal metabolomics profiling with GC/MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to explore the potential regulatory mechanisms of MMRAC on a dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced mouse model of AE. Read More

Acta Biomed 2022 May 11;93(2):e2022027. Epub 2022 May 11.

1- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Shigella is a main cause of gastroenteritis and it is responsible for 5 to 10 % of diarrhea through the world. The aims of this study were to assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern and the presence of 3 common virulence genes (sigA, virF, invE) of Shigella strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: Over a period of 15 months, all Shigella species collected from the patients with gastroenteritis were entered to the study. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2022 May 5. Epub 2022 May 5.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Background: Shigella species, which cause acute diarrheal disease, are transmitted via fecal-oral and sexual contact. To better understand the overlapping populations affected by Shigella infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States, we examined the occurrence of reported STIs within 24 months among shigellosis case-patients.

Methods: Culture-confirmed Shigella cases diagnosed during 2007-2016 among residents of six U. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022 May 6. Epub 2022 May 6.

Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Shigella spp, the etiological agents of bacillary dysentery in humans, have evolved an intricate regulatory strategy to ensure fine-tuned expression of virulence genes in response to environmental stimuli. A key component in this regulation is VirF, an AraC-like transcription factor, which at the host temperature (37°C) triggers, directly or indirectly, the expression of >30 virulence genes important for invasion of the intestinal epithelium. Previous work identified two different forms of VirF with distinct functions: VirF30 activates virulence gene expression, while VirF21 appears to negatively regulate virF itself. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022 Apr;56(4):437-442

Microbiological Laboratory, Huainan City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huainan 232033, China.

To understand the virulence gene and drug resistance profile of outbreak in Huainan city, and conduct pathogenic traceability analysis. Water samples and feces related to an infectious diarrhea outbreak in Huainan city in August 2020 were collected for multiple pathogen detection. Virulence gene, drug sensitivity, pulse-field gel electrophoresis and whole genome sequencing of isolates were analyzed respectively. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022 May;369(1)

Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Bahonar Blvd., Qazvin 34185-754, Iran.

Shigellosis is one of the most important gastric infections caused by different species of Shigella, and has been regarded as a serious threat to public health. Lineage/sublineage profile of Shigella sonnei is strongly associated with the antibiotic resistance and population structure of this pathogen. In this study, we determined the phylogeny and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Mar 22;10(4). Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases Program Strategy Team, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.

Vaccine candidates for are approaching phase 3 clinical trials in the target population of young children living in low- and middle-income countries. Key study design decisions will need to be made to maximize the success of such trials and minimize the time to licensure and implementation. We convened an ad hoc working group to identify the key aspects of trial design that would meet the regulatory requirements to achieve the desired indication of prevention of moderate or severe shigellosis due to strains included in the vaccine. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2022 Apr-Jun;40(2):217-222. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address:

Purpose: Dendritic cells (DC) are key regulators of immune response with the ability to affect both the innate and adaptive immune responses and are abundant in the gut mucosa. The severity of shigellosis varies with the serotype involved with S. dysenteriae producing the severest infections with complications and S. Read More

Vet World 2022 Feb 11;15(2):281-287. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.

Background And Aim: The morbidity and mortality of infections remain a global challenge. Epitope-based vaccine development is an emerging strategy to prevent bacterial invasion. This study aimed to identify the ability of the 49. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2022 Apr 4:155028. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address:

Background: High atmospheric temperature has been associated with the occurrence of bacillary dysentery (BD). Recent studies have suggested that hot extremes may influence health outcomes, however, none have examined the association between hot extremes and BD risk, especially at the national level.

Objectives: To assess the effect and attributable burden of hot extremes on bacillary dysentery (BD) cases and to identify populations at high risk of BD. Read More

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2022 27;2022:4503964. Epub 2022 Mar 27.

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Azithromycin (AZT) has widely been used for the treatment of shigellosis in children. Recent studies showed a high rate of decreased susceptibility to azithromycin due to different mechanisms of resistance in isolates. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of azithromycin resistance mechanisms of isolates in Iran during a two-year period. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Mar 18;10(3). Epub 2022 Mar 18.

Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

The intracellular pathogen , which is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, significantly influences the worldwide implication of diarrheal infections, consequentially causing about 1.1 million deaths each year. Due to a nonavailability of an authorized vaccine and the upsurge of multidrug resistance amongst strains, there has been a huge demand for further genetic analyses which could help in the advancement of new/improved drugs, and finding vaccine candidates against the pathogen. Read More

Molecules 2022 Mar 17;27(6). Epub 2022 Mar 17.

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.

species account for the second-leading cause of deaths due to diarrheal diseases among children of less than 5 years of age. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant isolates and the lack of availability of vaccines have led to the pertinence in the efforts made for the development of new therapeutic strategies against shigellosis. Consequently, designing small-interfering RNA (siRNA) candidates against such infectious agents represents a novel approach to propose new therapeutic candidates to curb the rampant rise of anti-microbial resistance in such pathogens. Read More

BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022 Mar 24;23(1):16. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Bldg.134, Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.

Background: Shigellosis is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused primarily by the bacterium Shigella flexneri. Upon ingestion, S. flexneri initiates a serotype-specific immune response that targets the O-antigen of the pathogen's lipopolysaccharide. Read More

Environ Health Prev Med 2022 ;27(0):13

Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Background: Although previous studies have shown that meteorological factors such as temperature are related to the incidence of bacillary dysentery (BD), researches about the non-linear and interaction effect among meteorological variables remain limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of temperature and other meteorological variables on BD in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, which is a high-risk area for BD distribution.

Methods: Our study was based on the daily-scale data of BD cases and meteorological variables from 2014 to 2019, using generalized additive model (GAM) to explore the relationship between meteorological variables and BD cases and distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to analyze the lag and cumulative effects. Read More

J Appl Biomed 2022 03 16;20(1):7-14. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) continues to cause havoc worldwide, with a high infectivity rate. It causes bloody diarrhea, and around 99% of bacillary dysentery cases occur in developing countries. The objective of this study is to develop a polyherbal formulation with the scientific rationale in treating infectious bacillary dysentery disease. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022 03 16;119(12):e2116776119. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.

Shigella flexneri, a gram-negative bacterium, is the major culprit of bacterial shigellosis and causes a large number of human infection cases and deaths worldwide annually. For evading the host immune response during infection, S. flexneri secrets two highly similar E3 ligases, IpaH1. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 25;13:752978. Epub 2022 Feb 25.

Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Acute infectious diseases constitute the most prevalent public health emergency (PHE) in China. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been used in the treatment of acute infections, but the overall evidence of its benefit and harm has not been comprehensively and systematically evaluated. We searched CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, Cochrane Library, embase and preprint platforms to retrieve systematic reviews (SRs) on CHM for acute infectious. Read More

Public Health 2022 Apr 9;205:130-132. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

South London Health Protection Team, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Foodborne outbreaks of Shigella flexneri infection are uncommon in the UK. In November 2019, the United Kingdom Health Security Agency investigated an outbreak of S. flexneri associated with a fast-food restaurant in London. Read More

Lancet Planet Health 2022 03;6(3):e202-e218

Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Numerous studies have quantified the associations between ambient temperature and enteric infections, particularly all-cause enteric infections. However, the temperature sensitivity of enteric infections might be pathogen dependent. Here, we sought to identify pathogen-specific associations between ambient temperature and enteric infections. Read More

Pak J Pharm Sci 2022 Jan;35(1):41-48

Department of Applied Microbiology, College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, PR China.

Shigella infection (shigellosis) is an intestinal disease caused by a shigella isolates belongs to a family Enterobacteriacea. Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and tenesmus are the prominent symptoms of shigella infection. The present study was designed to determine period prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shigella species recovered from stool specimens obtained from diarrheal paediatric patients under 5 years of age. Read More

Curr Microbiol 2022 Feb 27;79(4):118. Epub 2022 Feb 27.

Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.

The rapid emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella flexneri is crucial in pediatric shigellosis management. Limited studies have been conducted on molecular pattern of antibiotic resistance of S. flexneri in diarrhea endemic areas of Pakistan. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022 Apr;369(1)

School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.

Shigella flexneri serotype 2a2 (II:9;10) is the most prevalent strain in causing bacillary dysentery in developing countries. Chemical modifications such as glucosylation, O-acetylation, and phosphoethanolamine modifications of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen (Oag) contribute to the emergence of various serotypes. Sf6 is a Shigella-specific bacteriophage that infects only a limited range of S. Read More

Pathogens 2022 Feb 10;11(2). Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Faculty of Medicine, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia.

This is the first study on campylobacteriosis carried out in Georgia. It targeted 382 hospitalized children with acute inflammatory diarrhea. The study was conducted between July 2020 to July 2021 based on the main infection clinic of the capital city. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Feb 18;10(2). Epub 2022 Feb 18.

GSK Vaccines Institute for Global Health (GVGH) S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy.

Shigellosis remains a major public health problem around the world; it is one of the leading causes of diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in young children. The increasing reports of cases associated with anti-microbial resistance are an additional element of concern. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines widely available against , but several vaccine candidates are in development. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 Jan 29;10(2). Epub 2022 Jan 29.

LimmaTech Biologics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.

Shigellosis is a serious disease with a major impact, especially in low-income countries where mortality and morbidity are high. In addition, shigellosis among travelers and military personnel is a cause of significant morbidity and contributes to the increase in antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers the development of a vaccine a priority for public health. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2022 02 24;18(2):e1010380. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.

S. flexneri is an important human pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. During infection, S. Read More