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Animal 2021 Jun 3;15(6):100237. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Parasitology Unit, Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.

Sickness behaviour has been suggested as an applicable indicator for monitoring disease. Deviating feeding behaviour and activity can provide information about animals' health and welfare status. Recent advances in sensor technology enable monitoring of such behaviours and could potentially be utilized as an indicator of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 28;13(4):e14742. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Infectious Disease, Michigan State University/Hurley Medical Center, Flint, USA.

Serum sickness is a well-known immune complex deposition phenomenon, occurring as a reaction to proteins in antiserum from a non-human animal source. Serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR), typically associated with drugs and vaccines, sometimes occurs with acute hepatitis B infection and poses a diagnostic dilemma for clinicians, as other viral syndromes, vasculitic processes, and autoimmune conditions can have similar presentations. We present a 36-year-old intravenous drug user, with confirmed records of hepatitis B immunization, who presented with multi-joint pain, joint swelling, and a skin rash. Read More

Pathogens 2021 May 31;10(6). Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Envirinmental Technology and Food Technology, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro 119-5, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.

Salivarian trypanosomes are extracellular parasites affecting humans, livestock and game animals. and are human infective sub-species of causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT-sleeping sickness). The related parasite lacks the resistance to survive in human serum, and only inflicts animal infections. Read More

Nature 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.

Trypanosomes are protozoan parasites that cause infectious diseases, including African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) in humans and nagana in economically important livestock. An effective vaccine against trypanosomes would be an important control tool, but the parasite has evolved sophisticated immunoprotective mechanisms-including antigenic variation-that present an apparently insurmountable barrier to vaccination. Here we show, using a systematic genome-led vaccinology approach and a mouse model of Trypanosoma vivax infection, that protective invariant subunit vaccine antigens can be identified. Read More

bioRxiv 2020 Oct 28. Epub 2020 Oct 28.

Perfusion of convalescent plasma (CP) has demonstrated a potential to improve the pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2, but procurement and standardization of CP are barriers to its wide usage. Many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed but appear insufficient to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 unless two or three of them are being combined. Therefore, heterologous polyclonal antibodies of animal origin, that have been used for decades to fight against infectious agents might represent a highly efficient alternative to the use of CP or mAbs in COVID-19 by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2021 3;2021:6695346. Epub 2021 May 3.

Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China.

Background: We analyzed the effects of total flavonoids from . ( L.) on improving chronic mountain sickness (CMS) in rats using the NMR hydrogen spectrum (H-NMR) metabonomics technology. Read More

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Haematology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.

Clin Nephrol 2021 May 7. Epub 2021 May 7.

Serum sickness is an immune-complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction that was first noted in the early 1900s in patients receiving heterologous antisera, such as horse antitetanus or antidiphtheria serum. This condition is primarily self-limited; however, in its acute state, it can cause severe symptoms of fever, rash, polyarthritis, or polyarthralgias. In solid organ transplantation, this condition is frequently reported in association with the use of rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin and chimeric murine monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab. Read More

High Alt Med Biol 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

DeLoughery, Thomas G. Clinician's corner: Anemia at altitude-Iron deficiency and other acquired anemias. 22:000-000, 2021. Read More

Toxicon 2021 Jul 24;197:106-113. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Snakebite is an important public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. Macrovipera lebetina is one of the most dangerous snakes in Iran. Envenoming by this snake can lead to respiratory distress, heart attack, bleeding, and death. Read More

Dermatitis 2021 May-Jun 01;32(3):133-139

We are entering a new stage of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic with the initiation of large-scale vaccination programs globally. In these circumstances, even rare adverse effects of vaccines may be encountered more often, if millions of people are to be vaccinated in a short period. Vaccination has the potential for causing cutaneous adverse effects. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2021 Jul 14;275:114107. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Motion sickness is a multi-system syndrome caused by abnormal spatial environmental sensory conflicts. Tianxiang Capsule (TXC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the prevention and treatment of motion sickness for years. However, the main active components of TXC and mechanism of its therapeutic effects on motion sickness are still unclear. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 23;12:653151. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Infectology, Dermatology, Imaging Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, Brazil.

We evaluated the safety, optimal dose, and preliminary effectiveness of a new-approach Africanized honeybee () Antivenom (AAV) in a phase I/II, multicenter, non-randomized, single-arm clinical trial involving 20 participants with multiple stings. Participants received 2 to 10 vials of AAV depending on the number of stings they suffered, or a predefined adjuvant, symptomatic, and complementary treatment. The primary safety endpoint was the occurrence of early adverse reactions within the first 24 h of treatment. Read More

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021 05 30;9(5):264-275. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Medicine, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Volanesorsen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets hepatic apolipoprotein C-III synthesis and reduces plasma triglyceride concentration. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of volanesorsen in patients with multifactorial chylomicronaemia syndrome.

Methods: The COMPASS trial was a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 study done at 38 international clinical sites in Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, UK, and USA. Read More

Front Physiol 2021 11;12:640302. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Cardiology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.

Many sea-level residents suffer from acute mountain sickness (AMS) when first visiting altitudes above 4,000 m. Exercise tolerance also decreases as altitude increases. We observed exercise capacity at sea level and under a simulated hypobaric hypoxia condition (SHHC) to explore whether the response to exercise intensity represented by physiological variables could predict AMS development in young men. Read More

J Neuroinflammation 2021 Mar 17;18(1):72. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Level 6, The Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability in young children, yet the factors contributing to poor outcomes in this population are not well understood. TBI patients are highly susceptible to nosocomial infections, which are mostly acquired within the first week of hospitalization, and such infections may modify TBI pathobiology and recovery. In this study, we hypothesized that a peripheral immune challenge such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mimicking a hospital-acquired infection-would worsen outcomes after experimental pediatric TBI, by perpetuating the inflammatory immune response. Read More

Curr Opin Immunol 2021 Mar 11;72:13-20. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Human African trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, results from infection by two subspecies of the protozoan flagellate parasite Trypanosoma brucei, termed Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, prevalent in western and eastern Africa respectively. These subspecies escape the trypanolytic potential of human serum, which efficiently acts against the prototype species Trypanosoma brucei brucei, responsible for the Nagana disease in cattle. We review the various strategies and components used by trypanosomes to counteract the immune defences of their host, highlighting the adaptive genomic evolution that occurred in both parasite and host to take the lead in this battle. Read More

World J Stem Cells 2021 Feb;13(2):177-192

Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.

Background: Motion sickness (MS) is a disease that occurs during unbalanced movement, characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and autonomic nervous system activation. Current clinical treatments for MS are limited. Recent evidence indicates that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines increase during MS and are associated with an inner ear immune imbalance. Read More

Iran J Pharm Res 2020 ;19(3):288-296

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Several species of dangerous snakes are found in Iran and, according to the Emergency Response Center of Iran from 2002 to 2011, 53,787 Iranians have suffered from snakebite. Although the mortalities caused by snakebite are very low, snakebite-related amputations are still a major concern. Currently, anti-venom polyclonal antibodies derived from animals, such as horses are used to treat snakebites; however, in some cases they can cause anaphylactic shock and serum sickness. Read More

Rev Med Interne 2021 Jun 5;42(6):384-391. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Service de médecine Interne, hôpital Nord, centre hospitalier universitaire de Saint-Étienne, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 02, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Immune monitoring of monoclonal antibodies is a helpful tool in optimizing the management of patients treated with TNF blockers, especially in gastroenterology. In contrast, studies evaluating the interest of such monitoring are lacking for other monoclonal antibodies used in autoimmune diseases, including rituximab despite its widespread use in the field for almost 15 years. Hence, we conducted a study whose goal was to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of all patients who had a rituximab immune monitoring. Read More

Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 Mar 5;53(2):195. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" - IZSAM, Teramo, Italy.

This study reports the monitoring of several emerging viral pathogens in Mauritania, which was carried out by the analysis of bovine and camel samples taken at the slaughterhouse of Nouakchott. Blood and serum were collected by random sampling from 159 camels and 118 cattle in March 2013 at the large animals abattoir in Nouakchott. Serological tests for Rift Valley Fever (RVF), Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), West Nile disease (WND), epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) and African horse sickness (AHS) were carried out using commercial ELISA kits. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021 Feb 19. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Université Clermont-Auvergne, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Clin Case Rep 2021 Feb 8;9(2):751-754. Epub 2020 Dec 8.

Education & Practice Development Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH) Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) Doha Qatar.

Serum sickness, a reaction presenting with a classic triad (fever, rash, myalgia/arthralgia), is considered as a rare adverse event following monoclonal antibodies and specifically following treatment with rituximab. This report describes a case of serum sickness in a newly treated young male patient with rituximab for pemphigus vulgaris. Read More

Eur J Immunol 2021 06 2;51(6):1412-1422. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, Nantes, France.

Heterologous polyclonal antibodies might represent an alternative to the use of convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by targeting multiple antigen epitopes. However, heterologous antibodies trigger human natural xenogeneic antibody responses particularly directed against animal-type carbohydrates, mainly the N-glycolyl form of the neuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and the α1,3-galactose, potentially leading to serum sickness or allergy. Here, we immunized cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase and α1,3-galactosyl-transferase (GGTA1) double KO pigs with the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor binding domain to produce glyco-humanized polyclonal neutralizing antibodies lacking Neu5Gc and α1,3-galactose epitopes. Read More

Heliyon 2021 Jan 18;7(1):e05894. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.

Curcumin (CUR) and fish oil (FO) are among the most well-known types of natural anti-inflammatory compounds. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of nanocurcumin and fish oil glucocorticoids on Holstein calves' health status. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (0. Read More

Case Rep Pediatr 2021 20;2021:6680979. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Department of Paediatrics Infectious Diseases, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Serum sickness is an allergic reaction that frequently occurs in patients after the injection of foreign protein or serum. It is characterized by fever, skin rash, enlarged lymph nodes, and painful joints. In this case, we describe a case of 6-year-old girl who developed a rash and arthralgia after being vaccinated with tetanus toxoid injection after a cut wound. Read More

Curr Drug Saf 2021 Jan 19. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Government Medical College, Kottayam. India.

Background: Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is widely used to treat infections, and is a first-line oral antibiotic in the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory acne. Although it has high efficacy, several adverse reactions, including life-threatening ones have been reported in association with its use.

Objective: To identify all the potential adverse reactions due to minocycline and analyze them in terms of the number of cases reported so far, salient features, severity and clinical outcome. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Jan 11;21(1):46. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 402, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Background: Immunocompromised children and adults are at increased risk for severe disease and death following varicella zoster virus infection. Varicella zoster immune globulin (human) (VARIZIG) is recommended for post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent or attenuate varicella infection in high-risk individuals.

Methods: An open-label, expanded-access program provided VARIZIG to high-risk individuals exposed to varicella or herpes zoster. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2020 Nov - Dec;38(6):641-647. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. Electronic address:

Cutaneous manifestations of drug reactions are common yet vary widely in their appearance and degree of internal organ involvement. Serum sickness--like reactions, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthem, granulomatous drug eruption, pseudolymphoma, and drug-induced lupus are medication-induced conditions with dermatologic presentations. Many of the conditions discussed are relatively rare but nonetheless demand our attention and understanding. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2020 Nov - Dec;38(6):629-640. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address:

Drug eruptions in children are common but in general less studied than their adult counterparts. Aside from having significant impact on the child's health and quality of life, these reactions can limit what medications the patient can receive in the future. Familiarity with pediatric drug eruptions is important for accurate diagnosis and to prevent future recurrence or ineffective therapy. Read More