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Biomed Pharmacother 2019 Feb 19;112:108609. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Background: The importance of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and its contribution to mortality has recently emerged. In this study we examined the effects of Tanshinone II-A (TSN), a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, on immunosuppression in experimental peritonitis induced septic mice.

Materials And Methods: Sepsis was achieved by means of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Read More

Clin Exp Emerg Med 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiology of sepsis in Korea and identify risk factors for death in sepsis.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal, population-based epidemiological study of sepsis in Korea from 2005 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, a population-based cohort representing 2.2% of the Korean population. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 15;20(4). Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.

Endotoxins are cell wall components of Gram-negative bacteria. A release of endotoxins into the human blood stream results in an inflammation reaction that can lead to life-threatening conditions like sepsis. Therefore, control for endotoxin contamination of intravenously administered drugs is crucial. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2019 Jan;17(Suppl 1):50-56

From the Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria; and the Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

Objectives: Kidney transplantation is not readily available in low-resource settings because of poor health structure, dearth of experts, and pervading poverty. Although many centers now offer kidney transplant, patients still travel outside Nigeria for this service for many reasons and many return home without a detailed medical report.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of individuals who underwent kidney transplant in Nigeria and elsewhere and who were presently receiving posttransplant care or had received such care from 2002 to 2018 at 4 Nigerian hospitals were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Read More

Clin Lab 2019 Jan;65(1)

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen associated with hospital acquired infections. The presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes are known risk factors for the infection by this bacterial species. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2019 23;12:35-47. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

We postulate that the extensive cell and tissue damage inflicted by many infectious, inflammatory and post-inflammatory episodes is an enled result of a synergism among the invading microbial agents, host neutrophils and dead and dying cells in the nidus. Microbial toxins and other metabolites along with the plethora of pro-inflammatory agents released from activated neutrophils massively recruited to the infectious sites and high levels of cationic histones, other cationic peptides, proteinases and Th1 cytokines released from activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and from necrotized tissues may act in concert (synergism) to bring about cell killing and tissue destruction. Multiple, diverse interactions among the many potential pro-inflammatory moieties have been described in these complex lesions. Read More

Am J Surg 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Centre for the Advancement of Minimally Invasive Surgery (CAMIS), Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Treatment of anorectal abscesses continues to revolve around early surgical drainage and control of perianal sepsis. Yet even with prompt drainage, abscess recurrence and postoperative fistula formation rates are as high as 40% within 12 months. These complications are thought to be associated with inadequate drainage, elevated bacterial load, or a noncryptoglandular etiology of disease. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 15;9(2):e023518. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

James Black Centre, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.

Introduction: Patients with advanced cirrhosis have enteric bacterial dysbiosis and translocation of bacteria and their products across the gut epithelial barrier. This culminates in systemic inflammation and endotoxaemia, inducing innate immune dysfunction which predisposes to infection, and development of complications such as bleeding, sepsis and hepatic encephalopathy. This feasibility study aims to assess the safety of administering faecal microbiota transplantion to patients with cirrhosis and explore the effect of the intervention on their prognosis by achieving restoration of a healthy gut microbiome. Read More

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and toxicity of percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (M-PHP) with the Delcath Systems' second-generation (GEN 2) filter and compare the outcomes with historical data from studies using the first-generation filter.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, single-arm, single-center phase II study was carried out including 35 patients with unresectable, histologically confirmed liver metastases from ocular melanoma between February 2014 and June 2017. Main exclusion criteria were extrahepatic disease and age > 75 years. Read More

Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019 Feb 14;27(1):19. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

, Yerevan, Armenia.

In bacteremia the majority of bacterial species are killed by oxidation on the surface of erythrocytes and digested by local phagocytes in the liver and the spleen. Sepsis-causing bacteria overcome this mechanism of human innate immunity by versatile respiration, production of antioxidant enzymes, hemolysins, exo- and endotoxins, exopolymers and other factors that suppress host defense and provide bacterial survival. Entering the bloodstream in different forms (planktonic, encapsulated, L-form, biofilm fragments), they cause different types of sepsis (fulminant, acute, subacute, chronic, etc. Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, Phone: +49 - 621 383 2222, Fax: +49 - 621 383 3819.

Background The increasing number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria provides enormous challenges for choosing an appropriate antibiotic therapy in the early phase of sepsis. While bacterial identification has been greatly accelerated by the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) remains time-consuming. Here, we present a rapid susceptibility testing method for testing Gram-negative bacteria, exemplarily validated for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2019 Feb 13;24(1):11. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.

Background: The aim of the present work was to assess systemic hemodynamic changes using PiCCo monitoring in a porcine model of E. coli-induced fulminant sepsis.

Methods: Thirty-one healthy female Hungahib pigs were randomly assigned into control (n = 15) or septic groups (n = 16). Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 13;19(1):149. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.

Background: The prognostic capability of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) bedside scoring tool is uncertain in non-ICU patients with sepsis due to bacteremia given the low number of patients previously evaluated.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Medical charts were reviewed to determine qSOFA score, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, and Pitt bacteremia score (PBS) at initial presentation; their predictive values were compared for ICU admission within 48 h, ICU stay duration > 72 h, and 30-day mortality. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2018 10;3:131. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

: Early and appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment of patients suspected of having sepsis is associated with reduced mortality. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance reduces the efficacy of empiric therapy guidelines derived from population data. This problem is particularly severe for children in developing country settings. Read More

J Exp Med 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) have recently emerged as central orchestrators of immunity to infection, inflammation, and neoplastic diseases. Within numerous host cell types, these IFN-induced GTPases assemble into large nanomachines that execute distinct host defense activities against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. In addition, GBPs customize inflammasome responses to bacterial infection and sepsis, where they act as critical rheostats to amplify innate immunity and regulate tissue damage. Read More

JAMA 2019 02;321(6):613

University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Australia.

JAMA 2019 02;321(6):613

Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

JAMA 2019 02;321(6):612-613

Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden.

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Feb 10:e27667. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: The rate of bacterial infections in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) has decreased in recent years, mainly due to penicillin prophylaxis and vaccination.

Objectives: To determine the rate of severe bacterial infection (SBI) in a cohort of children with SCD and to describe low-risk factors for confirmed SBI (CSBI) and acute chest syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This 11-year retrospective cohort study included children with febrile SCD admitted to a reference hospital in Spain. Read More

Mol Immunol 2019 Feb 7;108:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States. Electronic address:

Our previous data demonstrated that Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (Fli-1), an ETS transcription factor, governs pericyte loss and vascular dysfunction in cecal ligation and puncture-induced murine sepsis by regulating essential pyroptosis markers including caspase-1. However, whether Fli-1 regulates caspase-1 expression levels in vitro and how Fli-1 regulates caspase-1 remain unknown. Our present work further demonstrated that overexpressed Fli-1 significantly increased caspase-1 and IL-18 expression levels in cultured mouse lung pericytes. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 6;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya street, Kazan 420008, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

causes various infectious diseases, from skin impetigo to life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis, thus appearing an important target for antimicrobial therapeutics. In turn, the rapid development of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation makes it extremely robust against treatment. Here, we unravel the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of the recently unveiled consisting of three pharmacophores: chlorinated 2(5)-furanone, sulfone, and -menthol moieties. Read More

Elife 2019 Feb 8;8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Bacterial spillage into a sterile environment following intestinal hollow-organ perforation leads to peritonitis and fulminant sepsis. Outcome of sepsis critically depends on macrophage activation by extracellular ATP-release and associated autocrine signaling via purinergic receptors. ATP-release mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 6;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, Scotland.

Tonsillitis is an extremely common condition, usually it is self-limiting, of viral origin, and managed conservatively in general practice. Rarely patients require inpatient management, usually when bacterial infection is present or when the cause is virulent organisms such as Epstein Barr virus. Complications can be divided into non-suppurative; sepsis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis and Lemierres disease, and suppurative; quinsy, parapharyngeal abscess and retropharyngeal abscess, respectively. Read More

Biofouling 2019 Feb 8:1-11. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

a Department of Urologic Sciences , The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.

Ureteral stents are commonly used devices in hospital settings. However, their usage is often complicated by associated urinary tract infections as a result of bacterial adhesion onto the indwelling implant surfaces, followed by the formation of layers of biofilm. Once formed, the biofilm is exceedingly difficult to remove, potentially leading to further morbidity and even urosepsis. Read More

J Mol Med (Berl) 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

Despite human healthcare advances, some microorganisms continuously react evolving new survival strategies, choosing between a commensal fitness and a pathogenic attitude. Many opportunistic microbes are becoming an increasing cause of clinically evident infections while several renowned infectious diseases sustain a considerable number of deaths. Besides the primary and extensively investigated role of immune cells, other cell types are involved in the microbe-host interaction during infection. Read More

Commun Biol 2019 31;2:45. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514 Japan.

During bacterial infection, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is produced and accelerates neutrophil production from their progenitors. This process, termed granulopoiesis, strengthens host defense, but α-toxin impairs granulopoiesis via an unknown mechanism. Here, we tested whether G-CSF accounts for the α-toxin-mediated impairment of granulopoiesis. Read More

Microbiol Insights 2019 27;12:1178636118825081. Epub 2019 Jan 27.

Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA.

Pathogenic sepsis is not a monolithic condition. Three major types of sepsis exist within this category: bacterial, viral, and fungal, each with its own mechanism of action. While similar in symptoms, the etiologies and immune mechanisms of these types differ enough that a discrete patient base can be recognized for each one. Read More

Sci Transl Med 2019 Feb;11(478)

Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.

Sepsis is an often deadly complication of infection in which systemic inflammation damages the vasculature, leading to tissue hypoperfusion and multiple organ failure. Currently, the standard of care for sepsis is predominantly supportive, with few therapeutic options available. Because of increased sepsis incidence worldwide, there is an urgent need for discovery of novel therapeutic targets and development of new treatments. Read More

Shock 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Hospital for Crippled Children, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

We performed side-by-side experiments to compare the behavior of four strains of Escherichia coli and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in fresh human and mouse blood. Bacteria multiplied in mouse whole blood and plasma but were killed in human whole blood and plasma. The percentage of granulocytes associated with fluorescence-labeled heat-killed E. Read More

MBio 2019 Feb 5;10(1). Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

We have recently shown that the catecholamine dopamine regulates cellular iron homeostasis in macrophages. As iron is an essential nutrient for microbes, and intracellular iron availability affects the growth of intracellular bacteria, we studied whether dopamine administration impacts the course of infections. Dopamine was found to promote the growth of both in culture and within bone marrow-derived macrophages, which was dependent on increased bacterial iron acquisition. Read More

Blood 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States

Neutrophil migration to the site of bacterial infection is a critical step in host defense. Exclusively produced in the bone marrow, neutrophil release into the blood is tightly controlled. Although the chemokine CXCL1 induces neutrophil influx during bacterial infections, its role in regulating neutrophil recruitment, granulopoiesis, and neutrophil mobilization in response to lung infection-induced sepsis is unclear. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 Feb 25;7(2):471-478.e3. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is frequently misdiagnosed and subject to diagnostic delay. Profuse vomiting, the cardinal feature of acute FPIES, may occur in more common pediatric disorders such as gastroenteritis and sepsis.

Objectives: We sought to determine differentiating features at acute presentation between FPIES, gastroenteritis, and sepsis in young children presenting to an emergency department (ED) with profuse vomiting. Read More

JCI Insight 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

The dysregulated, unbalanced immune response of sepsis results in a mortality exceeding 20%, yet recent findings by our group indicate that patients with allergic, type 2-mediated immune diseases are protected from developing sepsis. We evaluated CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization among patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and confirmed that survivors had a higher percentage of circulating Th2 cells, but lower frequencies of Th17 cells and neutrophils early in the course of infection. To establish the mechanism of this protection, we employed a mouse model of lethal S. Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Microbiology, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester and Basingstoke, UK.

Background Procalcitonin (PCT)-guided antibiotic stewardship (ABS) has been shown to reduce antibiotics (ABxs), with lower side-effects and an improvement in clinical outcomes. The aim of this experts workshop was to derive a PCT algorithm ABS for easier implementation into clinical routine across different clinical settings. Methods Clinical evidence and practical experience with PCT-guided ABS was analyzed and discussed, with a focus on optimal PCT use in the clinical context and increased adherence to PCT protocols. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Veterinarian Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, Brazil; Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

The pathogenesis of sepsis involves complex systems and multiple interrelationships between the host and pathogen producing high mortality rates in various animal species. In this study, hematological disturbances, innate immunity and survival during the septic process in Piaractus mesopotamicus inoculated with Aeromonas hydrophila were studied. For this aim, fish blood samples were taken from control and infected groups 1, 3, 6, and 9 h post-inoculation (HPI). Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Post-hoc analysis compared pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg every 12 (q12h) versus every 8 hours (q8h), in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and signs of sepsis.

Methods: Clinical outcomes at test-of-cure in patients with ABSSSI and systemic inflammatory signs/systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), and ceftaroline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against baseline pathogens were compared between COVERS (ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg q8h, 2-h infusion) and the CANVAS 1 and 2 trials (ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg q12h, 1-h infusion). Ceftaroline exposures among patients in COVERS with or without markers of sepsis were compared using population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling. Read More

J Hosp Infect 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address:

Background: Preterm infants and critically ill neonates are predisposed to nosocomial infections as sepsis. Moreover, these infants acquire commensal bacteria, which might become potentially harming. On-ward transmission of these bacteria can cause outbreaks. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 18;9:1929. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

In this study, we demonstrated the effects of a high-fiber diet on intestinal lesions, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in a murine model of endotoxemia. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: the control group (CONTROL), which received a commercial normal-fiber rodent diet comprising normal fiber; a CLP group, which received a commercial normal-fiber rodent diet and underwent caecal ligation puncture (CLP); a high-fiber group (HFG), which received a commercial high-fiber rodent diet; and a high fiber + CLP group (HFCLP) which received a commercial high-fiber rodent diet and underwent CLP (30%). The sepsis model was created via CLP after 2 weeks of dietary intervention. Read More

J Mol Biol 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, WA, USA; Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195, WA, USA. Electronic address:

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a β-hemolytic gram-positive bacterium that colonizes the lower genital tract of approximately 18% of women globally as an asymptomatic member of the gastrointestinal and/or vaginal flora. If established in other host niches, however, GBS is highly pathogenic. During pregnancy, ascending GBS infection from the vagina to the intrauterine space is associated with preterm birth, stillbirth, and fetal injury. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland.

Background: Culture yield in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis is low, emphasising the role for molecular techniques.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to review the laboratory investigation of childhood osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.

Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken in an acute tertiary referral paediatric hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. Read More

World J Hepatol 2019 Jan;11(1):127-132

Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195, OH, United States.

Background: Calciphylaxis is a form of vascular calcification more commonly associated with renal disease. While the exact mechanism of calciphylaxis is poorly understood, most cases are due to end stage kidney disease. However, it can also be found in patients without kidney disease and in such cases is termed non-uremic calciphylaxis for which have multiple proposed etiologies. Read More

Pediatrics 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Departments of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology and

Pediatric intractable autoimmune hepatitis is rare and may be responsible for acute liver failure. Mutations in the itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase () gene (located on chromosome 20q11.22) can lead to a deficiency of the encoded protein, resulting in increased T-cell activity with lack of immune tolerance and manifestation of a complex systemic autoimmune disease. Read More

Biosensors (Basel) 2019 Jan 30;9(1). Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.

On-site therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is important for providing a quick and accurate dosing to patients in order to improve efficacy and minimize toxicity. Aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin are important antibiotics that have been commonly used to treat infections of chronic bacterial infections in the urinary tract, lung, and heart. However, these aminoglycosides can lead to vestibular and auditory dysfunction. Read More

APMIS 2019 Feb;127(2):87-92

Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is primarily caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, but it may also be caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE). The analyses of S. Read More

Curr Opin Crit Care 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Liver Intensive Therapy Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.

Purpose Of Review: This review describes the current intensive care management of acute liver failure (ALF) and the latest evidence for emerging therapies.

Recent Findings: Mortality from ALF continues to improve and in some cases, medical therapy can negate the need for liver transplantation because of protocolized management in specialist centres. Liver transplantation remains the cornerstone of management for poor prognosis ALF. Read More

Benef Microbes 2019 Jan 29:1-14. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

2 Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Stiftingtalstrasse 5, 8010 Graz, Austria.

The gut is hypothesised to play an important role in the development and progression of sepsis. It is however unknown whether the gut microbiome and the gut barrier function is already altered early in sepsis development and whether it is possible to modulate the microbiome in early sepsis. Therefore, a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to examine the alterations of the microbiome and the gut barrier in early sepsis and the influence of a concomitant probiotic intervention on dysbiosis at this early stage of the disease was conducted. Read More

Asian J Transfus Sci 2018 Jul-Dec;12(2):146-153

Hemogenomics Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Background: Blood transfusion of contaminated components is a potential source of sepsis by a wide range of known and unknown pathogens. Collection mechanism and storage conditions of platelets make them vulnerable for bacterial contamination. Several interventions aim to reduce the transfusion of contaminated platelet units; however, data suggest that contaminated platelet transfusion remains very common. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2019 Jan 28;15(1):41. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Clinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Background: In humans, transmission of bacteria causing fatal sepsis in the neonates through mother's milk has been reported. In dogs, it is believed that bacteria from canine milk are not the primary cause of neonatal infections. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is colonizing the skin and mucocutaneous junctions in adult dogs and can act as an opportunistic pathogen. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Jan;74(Supplement_1):i2-i5

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Antimicrobial chemotherapy for septic patients begins with empirical therapy and can be subsequently revised when the results of microbiological testing become available. In recent years, a number of novel technologies for the microbiological diagnosis of sepsis have been developed that return results in a shorter timeframe compared with conventional diagnostic approaches. These novel technologies aid antimicrobial stewardship when treating septic patients by reducing the time to appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy. Read More