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Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020 Jul 4:106080. Epub 2020 Jul 4.

University of Minnesota, Department of Pharmacy Services, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55415.

Currently, there is no approved therapy for COVID-19. The World Health Organization therefore endorse supportive care only. However, frontline clinicians and researchers have been experimenting with several virus-based and host-based therapeutics since the outbreak in China. Read More

JAMA Netw Open 2020 Jul 1;3(7):e206004. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Importance: Current information on the characteristics of patients who develop sepsis may help in identifying opportunities to improve outcomes. Most recent studies of sepsis epidemiology have focused on changes in incidence or have used administrative data sets that provided limited patient-level data.

Objective: To describe sepsis epidemiology in adults. Read More

Front Microbiol 2020 18;11:1222. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.

Dispersin is a 10.2 kDa-immunogenic protein secreted by enteroaggregative (EAEC). In the prototypical EAEC strain 042, dispersin is non-covalently bound to the outer membrane, assisting dispersion across the intestinal mucosa by overcoming electrostatic attraction between the AAF/II fimbriae and the bacterial surface. Read More

Front Physiol 2020 17;11:585. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.

Although it is well known that neonatal sepsis can induce important alterations in cardiorespiratory control, their detailed early features and the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. As a first step in resolving this issue, the main goal of this study was to characterize these alterations more extensively by setting up a full-term newborn lamb model of systemic inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Two 6-h polysomnographic recordings were performed on two consecutive days on eight full-term lambs: the first after an IV saline injection (control condition, CTRL); the second, after an IV injection of 2. Read More

J Paediatr Child Health 2020 Jul 3. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.

Aim: Neonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) is a low-incidence, high-risk disease which has prompted significant overtreatment with antibiotics for the standard duration of 48 h. The aims of this study were to determine whether blood cultures collected from term and late preterm neonates for EOS would return a positive result for pathogenic bacteria within 24 h and to review the literature to supplement the results.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of time to positive blood culture in the BACTEC culture system from neonates ≥34 weeks in a single referral centre between 1999 and 2018. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 29;12(5):e8350. Epub 2020 May 29.

Internal Medicine, Terna Medical College, Mumbai, IND.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The novel coronavirus first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has led to a global pandemic. The virus mainly spreads through respiratory droplets from an infected person, but environmental contamination can also act as a source of infection, making social distancing an important key in containing the spread of infection. Read More

Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Klinik für Pneumologie und konservative Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Prüfeninger Str. 86, 93049, Regensburg, Deutschland.

Procalcitonin (PCT) is formed in IL6-mediated, IL8-mediated, and TNFα-mediated systemic inflammation conditions, in multiple organs and structures of the body. In patients with sepsis, significantly increased PCT levels are found. The PCT levels are highly correlated with the severity of the illness, and decreased PCT levels under therapy correlates with a better prognosis. Read More

Innate Immun 2020 Jun 29:1753425920936754. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by systemic dys-regulated inflammatory response to infection. We previously revealed that LL-37, a human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, improves the survival of cecal ligation and puncture septic mice. Ectosomes, microvesicles released from neutrophils, are reported to be elevated in sepsis survivors; however, the functions of ectosomes in sepsis remain largely unknown. Read More

J Clin Exp Immunol 2020 13;5(3):120-122. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Endotheliitis is the inflammation of the corneal endothelium resulting in edema and subsequent loss of vision. Bacterial causes of corneal inflammation primarily of the epithelium with subsequent, secondary involvement of the endothelium have previously been described. Notably, however, there are no reports of isolated endotheliitis related to a bacterial pathogen. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2020 3;2020:8182358. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China.

Background: The incidence of sepsis has been increasing in recent years. The molecular mechanism of different pathogenic sepsis remains elusive, and biomarkers of sepsis against different pathogens are still lacking.

Methods: The microarray data of bacterial sepsis, fungal sepsis, and mock-treated samples were applied to perform differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis to identify a bacterial sepsis-specific gene set and a fungal sepsis-specific gene set. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 24;12(5):e8264. Epub 2020 May 24.

Internal Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences Center, New York, USA.

Objective The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of hyperlactatemia in intensive care patients with sepsis in Civil Hospital Karachi. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital for six months and comprised all those participants who were older than 12 years of age, had sepsis, and were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 hours. Participants with suspected secondary acidemia from acute liver failure, end-stage renal disease, on anti-retroviral therapy, an overdose of salicylates, alcohols, acetaminophen, metformin user, intestinal resection, or bacterial overgrowth were excluded from the study. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 24;12(5):e8258. Epub 2020 May 24.

Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, USA.

We present the first reported case of bacterial meningitis that may be associated with use of an over-the-counter sinus irrigation. Sinus rinse or "Neti Pot" use is a common remedy for sinus congestion and is felt to be relatively safe. Given its widespread use, it is important to report possible associations with disease, in this case meningitis. Read More

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020 Jun;36(6):503-505

Pharmacological Research, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China.

In February 2018, one 54-year-old male patient with severe scald complicated with pneumonia and sepsis was transferred to Qingdao Municipal Hospital from other hospital. Drugs including cephalosporin, vancomycin, and imipenem/cilastatin combined with ciprofloxacin were used successively for anti-infective treatment, with no obvious effect. Multiple bacterial culture results of sputum, blood, and wound exudate showed infection of extensively drug resistant . Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Jun 25;129:110343. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Intensive Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, 348 Heping Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, PR China. Electronic address:

The study investigated the effect of soluble dietary fiber supplementation on gut microbiota, mucosal barrier function, inflammatory markers, and survival in a murine model of sepsis established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The expression of muc2 was down-regulated in septic mice. However, muc2 expression was significantly increased in the septic mice that received soluble dietary fiber. Read More

Br Dent J 2020 06;228(12):971-975

Orthodontics, Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, CB1 00Q, UK.

On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organisation identified COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, to be a global emergency. The risk factors already identified for developing complications from a COVID-19 infection are age, gender and comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular disease. These risk factors, however, do not account for the other 52% of deaths arising from COVID-19 in often seemingly healthy individuals. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jun;99(26):e20914

Department of Respiratory Medicine.

Rationale: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been established as an important cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with very high mortality. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing MRSA has been reported to be associated with necrotizing pneumonia and worse outcome. The incidence of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) pneumonia is very low, as only a few CA-MRSA pneumonia cases were reported in the last few years. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jun 25;10(1):10355. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Biomedical Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Derriford, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK.

Despite extensive investigations, an effective treatment for sepsis remains elusive and a better understanding of the inflammatory response to infection is required to identify potential new targets for therapy. In this study we have used RNAi technology to show, for the first time, that the inducible lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2 (LPCAT2) plays a key role in macrophage inflammatory gene expression in response to stimulation with bacterial ligands. Using siRNA- or shRNA-mediated knockdown, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the constitutive LPCAT1, LPCAT2 is required for macrophage cytokine gene expression and release in response to TLR4 and TLR2 ligand stimulation but not for TLR-independent stimuli. Read More

Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wenzhou Central Hospital, No. 252, Baili East Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, 325000, China.

Sepsis, ensuing from unrestrained inflammatory replies to bacterial infections, endures with high injury and mortality worldwide. Presently, active sepsis management is missing in the hospitals during the surgery, and maintenance remnants mainly helpful. Now, we have constructed the macrophage bio-mimic nanoparticles for the treatment of sepsis and its management. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 20;12(5):e8215. Epub 2020 May 20.

Internal Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, USA.

Historically, elevations in procalcitonin (PCT) have been implicated in medullary thyroid cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, the trending of PCT has been suggested as a monitor of infection to assess the presence, clearance and eradication of infection, especially in cancer patients. Its increase serves as a marker of bacterial infections. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 5;11:863. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée infection, Marseille, France.

Platelets are the cornerstone of hemostasis. However, their exaggerated aggregation induces deleterious consequences. In several diseases, such as infectious endocarditis and sepsis, the interaction between platelets and bacteria leads to platelet aggregation. Read More

Hippokratia 2019 Jul-Sep;23(3):131-134

Second Internal Medicine Department, Volos General Hospital, Volos, Greece.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiological syndrome, which is presented with headache, seizures, altered mental consciousness, and visual disturbances, and is characterized by white matter vasogenic edema, predominantly affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain. This clinical syndrome is increasingly recognized due to the improvement and availability of brain imaging and, more specifically, magnetic resonance imaging.

Case Report: We report the case of an otherwise healthy 20-year-old female who presented with fever, headache, and generalized arthralgia, raising the suspicion of serotype B meningitis, which was later complicated by PRES. Read More

Ann Clin Lab Sci 2020 May;50(3):404-407

Verax Biomedical Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.

Platelets for transfusion in the US are stored at room temperature which is associated with a risk of bacterial transmission and subsequent sepsis. A recent FDA Final Guidance has been issued with options to mitigate this risk while maintaining or enhancing platelet availability.Storage had been limited to five days for many years due to the risk of bacterial growth. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020 22;53:e20190106. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Faculdade de Medicina, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil.

Introduction: The present study aimed to determine the incidence of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) and identify the main resistant microorganisms in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in a Brazilian university hospital.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a Brazilian teaching hospital between 2012 and 2014.

Results: Overall, 81. Read More

Biomater Sci 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

The Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

Bacterial infection is a serious public health issue because this may cause bacterial pneumonia and bacteria-infected sepsis. The conventional antibiotic therapy can cause bacterial resistance and other adverse effects. Herein, we designed a novel photoresponsive hybrid, in which MoS2 nanosheets were doped with copper ions (MoS2@Cu2+). Read More

J Intensive Care Med 2020 Jun 24:885066620931473. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Background: Reduced cholesterol levels are associated with increased organ failure and mortality in sepsis. Cholesterol levels may vary by infection type (gram negative vs positive), possibly reflecting differences in cholesterol-mediated bacterial clearance.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a combined data set of 2 prospective cohort studies of adult patients meeting Sepsis-3 criteria. Read More

mBio 2020 Jun 23;11(3). Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that is the causative agent of several serious infections in humans, including pneumonia, sepsis, and wound and burn infections. is also capable of forming proteinaceous biofilms on both abiotic and epithelial cell surfaces. Here, we investigate the response of toward sodium sulfide (NaS), known to be associated with some biofilms at oxic/anoxic interfaces. Read More

BJGP Open 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Public Health England, Primary Care Interventions Unit, Gloucester, UK

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), older age, lack of access to health care, and recent antibiotic use are risk factors for () bloodstream infections.

Aim: To explore the diagnosis and management of UTIs in primary care to inform the development of an information leaflet, a diagnostic flow chart, and recommendations for other resources.

Design & Setting: The study had a qualitative design and was undertaken in primary care settings and care homes. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020 Jun 23:1-6. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Federal State Funded Educational Institution for Higher Education Omsk State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health, Russian Federation.

Pregnant women with chronic genital and non-genital infections are at a high risk of infections complication during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of obstetric and neonatal complications and occurs in one in nine women. Forty per cent of preterm births are considered to be caused by the abnormal vaginal microbiome, and there is currently no consensus on the contribution of combined bacterial and viral infections. Read More

J Leukoc Biol 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Background: Neutrophils (PMNs) are innate immune cells with primary roles in inflammation and in host defense against infections. Both inflammatory and tumor angiogenesis are modulated by a sequential, coordinated production of angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), angiopoietins, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and chemokines. These factors are produced by several immune cells, including PMNs. Read More

Infect Immun 2020 Jun 22. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

is a major human pathogen, where the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains is making all types of infections more challenging to treat. With a pressing need to develop alternative control strategies to use alongside or in place of conventional antibiotics, one approach is the targeting of established virulence factors. However, attempts at this have had little success to date, suggesting that we need to better understand how this pathogen causes disease if effective targets are to be identified. Read More

Vaccine 2020 Jul 19;38(33):5286-5296. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil. Electronic address:

Streptococcus agalactiae or group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium divided into ten distinct serotypes that colonizes the vaginal and rectal tracts of approximately 30% of women worldwide. GBS is the leading cause of invasive infection in newborns, causing sepsis, pneumoniae and meningitis. The main strategy to prevent GSB infection in newborns includes the use of intrapartum antibiotic therapy, which does not prevent late-onset diseases and may select resistant bacterial strains. Read More

Biochemistry (Mosc) 2020 May;85(5):523-530

The Russian-German Academy of Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, Moscow, 121205, Skolkovo, Russia.

In the pathogenesis of the infectious process in the respiratory tract by SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 coronaviruses, two stages can be distinguished: early (etiotropic) and late (pathogenetic) ones. In the first stage, when the virus multiplication and accumulation are prevalent under insufficient host immune response, the use of chemotherapeutic agents blocking the reproduction of the virus is reasonable to suppress the development of the disease. This article considers six major chemotherapeutic classes aimed at certain viral targets: inhibitors of viral RNA polymerase, inhibitors of viral protease Mpro, inhibitors of proteolytic activation of viral protein S allowing virus entry into the target cell, inhibitors of virus uncoating in cellular endosomes, compounds of exogenous interferons, and compounds of natural and recombinant virus-neutralizing antibodies. Read More

Med Glas (Zenica) 2020 Aug 1;17(2). Epub 2020 Aug 1.

Paediatric Clinic, University Clinical Centre Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim Steady progress in intensive treatment worldwide has increased the survival of immature neonates, but with multiple invasive procedures, which have increased the risk of infection, thus the bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to analyse the epidemiology of multidrug resistance pathogens as causative agents of neonatal sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted at the Intensive care unit of the Paediatric Clinic of Tuzla over a three-year period (2016-2018) analysed epidemiology of neonatal sepsis caused by multidrug resistance pathogens. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2020 May;8(9):610

Section of Infectious Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Biomarkers to guide antibiotic treatment decisions have been proposed as an effective way to enhancing a more appropriate use of antibiotics. As a biomarker, procalcitonin (PCT) has been found to have good specificity to distinguish bacterial from non-bacterial inflammations. Decisions regarding antibiotic use in an individual patient are complex and should be based on the pre-test probability for bacterial infection, the severity of presentation and the results of PCT serum concentration. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Clinical Pharmacist, Neonatal and Pediatric Pharmacy, Surrey Memorial Hospital.

The wording of the antibiotic duration orders for neonatal sepsis was changed as an antimicrobial stewardship initiative to reduce the administration of unnecessary antibiotic doses. The change in wording allowed the patient to stop receiving antibiotics after they received 48 hours of therapy if the health care team had not received notification of a positive culture. This initiative led to a decrease in the number of neonates that received extra unnecessary doses from 50% to 7. Read More

J Immunol 2020 Jun 19. Epub 2020 Jun 19.

Center for Immunobiology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007; and Department of Investigative Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI 49007

B-1a cells provide immediate and essential protection from infection through production of natural Ig, which is germline-like due to minimal insertion of N region additions. We have previously demonstrated peritoneal B-1a cell-derived phosphorylcholine-specific and total IgM moves away from germline (as evidenced by an increase in N-additions) with age as a result of selection. In young mice, anti-phosphatidylcholine Abs, like anti-phosphorylcholine Abs, contain few N-additions, and have been shown to be essential in protection from bacterial sepsis. Read More

Transfus Clin Biol 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Unité d'hémovigilance, centre hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France.

We retrospectively assessed the characteristics of 165 MDS patients from our institution having received at least 20 RBC units. In the vast majority of them various comorbidities (range: 1-6 per patient) were registered including mainly cardiovascular disorders. Serum ferritin was over 1000μg/L in about half of tested individuals. Read More

Pathogens 2020 Jun 16;9(6). Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.

A isolate was cultured from the blood of a fatal Ebola virus disease (EVD) case in Liberia and was identified by whole genome sequencing. Although has only recently been described and is poorly characterized, this case may represent the bacterial co-infection of an EVD patient. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2020 Jun;22(6):378-383

Division of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, affiliated with the Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.

Background: Antibiotic stewardship programs are necessary to test the appropriateness of local guidelines for empirical antibiotic treatment by audits.

Objectives: To assess whether compliance to local guidelines achieved a higher rate of appropriate antibiotic treatment and reduced morbidity and mortality, and whether infectious disease counseling improved the rate of appropriate treatment.

Methods: Our cohort comprised 294 patients with proven bacteremia. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become an urgent issue in every country. Based on recent reports, the most severely ill patients present with coagulopathy, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)-like massive intravascular clot formation is frequently seen in this cohort. Therefore, coagulation tests may be considered useful to discriminate severe cases of COVID-19. Read More

Crit Care 2020 06 18;24(1):360. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cardio-metabolic Programme-NIHR UCLH/UCL BRC London, London, UK.

Thrombotic complications and coagulopathy frequently occur in COVID-19. However, the characteristics of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) are distinct from those seen with bacterial sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), with CAC usually showing increased D-dimer and fibrinogen levels but initially minimal abnormalities in prothrombin time and platelet count. Venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombosis are more frequent in CAC compared to SIC/DIC. Read More

Cureus 2020 May 15;12(5):e8133. Epub 2020 May 15.

Internal Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.

Darier's disease (DD) is a rare, autosomal dominant genodermatosis that occurs due to mutations in the ATP2A2 gene on chromosome 12q23-24 that codes for sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), causing desmosomal breakdown and acantholysis. The disease usually persists for life and is characterized by a relapsing-remitting course. It can be challenging to treat and can cause several complications that may result in frequent hospitalizations. Read More

Cell Death Discov 2020 4;6:44. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan 2nd Road, 510080 Guangzhou, China.

Intestinal mucosal integrity dysfunction during endotoxemia can contribute to translocation of intestinal bacteria and a persistent systemic inflammatory response, which both fuel the pathophysiological development of sepsis or endotoxemia. The pathogenesis of intestinal damage induced by endotoxemia remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the microRNA (miR)-674-5p/X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) axis as a critical regulator and therapeutic target in preventing intestinal crypt cell proliferation during endotoxemia. Read More

Leukemia 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Infections are a common complication in patients with many hematologic malignancies, however, whether patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) also are at an increased risk of infections is largely unknown. To assess the risk of serious infections, we performed a large population-based matched cohort study in Sweden including 8 363 MPN patients and 32,405 controls using high-quality registers between the years 1992-2013 with follow-up until 2015. The hazard ratio (HR) of any infection was 2. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2020 Jun 16. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Even though antimicrobial-resistant bacteria have begun to be detected in wildlife, raising important issues related to their transmission and persistence of clinically important pathogens in the environment, little is known about the role of these bacteria on wildlife health, especially on endangered species. The Brazilian merganser (Mergus octosetaceus) is one of the most threatened waterfowl in the world, classified as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In 2019, a fatal case of sepsis was diagnosed in an 8-day-old Brazilian merganser inhabiting a zoological park. Read More

Virulence 2020 Dec;11(1):840-848

Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University , Aomori, Japan.

Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) progress to severe necrosis and result in fatal sepsis within a short time. is a causative agent and can spread from the initial infection site through soft tissue finally to the systemic circulation of the host. The motility and chemotaxis of this bacterium are essential for proliferation and lethality in a murine model of the infection, but their role in pathogenicity has not been characterized. Read More

Ann Intensive Care 2020 Jun 15;10(1):82. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44093, Nantes, France.

Background: Recent guidelines advise against prophylactic antibiotics in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis, advocating instead a step-up drainage and necrosectomy strategy with antibiotics as dictated by microbiological findings. However, prompt antibiotic therapy is recommended in patients with sepsis or septic shock, a possible presentation of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Consequently, in many critically ill patients with IPN, pancreatic samples are collected only after broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy initiation. Read More

J Immunol 2020 Jul 15;205(2):469-479. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202; and

Allergic asthma (AA) is characterized as a Th2-biased airway inflammation that can develop lung inflammation and remodeling of the respiratory tract. is a major respiratory pathogen, causing noninvasive (otitis media and pneumonia) and invasive diseases (sepsis) in humans. We sought to determine the role of IL-6 in the regulation of lung inflammation in murine AA caused by as well as its consequence on the regulation of airway barrier integrity and disease. Read More

Ann Hepatol 2020 Jun 4. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Gastroenterology, UMMS-Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA.

Introduction And Objectives: Weekend admissions has previously been associated with worse outcomes in conditions requiring specialists. Our study aimed to determine in-hospital outcomes in patients with ascites admitted over the weekends versus weekdays. Time to paracentesis from admission was studied as current guidelines recommend paracentesis within 24h for all patients admitted with worsening ascites or signs and symptoms of sepsis/hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Read More

BMC Vet Res 2020 Jun 15;16(1):199. Epub 2020 Jun 15.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, ULisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.

Background: Sepsis is a severe condition associated with high prevalence and mortality rates. Parvovirus enteritis is a predisposing factor for sepsis, as it promotes intestinal bacterial translocation and severe immunosuppression. This makes dogs infected by parvovirus a suitable study population as far as sepsis is concerned. Read More