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J Dermatol 2021 May 9. Epub 2021 May 9.

Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.

Demodex folliculorum and brevis are commensal mites that live in low densities in human pilosebaceous follicles as part of the normal adult microbiota, but that give rise to demodicosis and, possibly, rosacea, when they proliferate excessively. This proliferation is favored by various factors, including age, marked immunosuppression, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, and hypervascularization-related factors. To study possible factors influencing mite proliferation, we explored the effects of different variables on Demodex densities (Dd) in a retrospective study of two groups of subjects selected on the basis of their clinical diagnosis: Demodex+, consisting of subjects with demodicosis or with centro-facial papulopustules suggesting rosacea (n = 844, mean Dd 263. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 28;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Pseudolymphomatous folliculitis (PLF) is a rare disease of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, with a low index of clinical suspicion. We present the clinical case of a 19-year-old male patient, with a solitary violet erythematous nodule of 6 months of evolution, located in the right infraorbital region, without presenting another symptomatology. Histopathological examination showed a lymphocytic infiltrate that surrounds the hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands that focally destroy their basement membrane. Read More

Vet Dermatol 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

QML Pathology, 11 Riverview Place, Murrarie, QLD, 4172, Australia.

Background: Some dogs with chronic otitis externa (OE) develop proliferation of the tissues surrounding the opening of the external ear canal, resulting in obstruction. Traditionally total ear canal ablation with bulla osteotomy (TECABO) has been recommended.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel treatment using carbon dioxide (CO ) laser surgery and to describe the histopathological features of chronic proliferative and obstructive OE. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2021 Mar 19;11(3). Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department and Clinic of Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.

Perianal gland tumors are modified sebaceous glands present in the skin of the perianal region in the dog. Hormonal stimulation may induce hyperplasia of the perianal glands or their neoplastic progression. The presence of androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors have been demonstrated both in normal perianal glands as well as in perianal tumors. Read More

Endocr Rev 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Emeritus of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Chicago, IL.

Adrenarche is the maturational increase in adrenal androgen production that normally begins in early childhood. It results from changes in the secretory response to ACTH that are best indexed by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) rise. These changes are related to the development of the zona reticularis (ZR) and its unique gene/enzyme expression pattern of low 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 with high cytochrome b5A, sulfotransferase 2A1, and 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

J Clin Pathol 2021 Feb 22. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Pathology and Cell Biology, and Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

Conjunctival squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (CSIN) represents the in situ precursor of squamous cell carcinoma. The graded severity of intraepithelial dysplasia is considered a measure of risk for progression to invasive carcinoma. The range of cytoarchitectural changes in CSIN overlaps those of reactive atypia, squamous epithelial papilloma and in situ sebaceous carcinoma. Read More

Glob Pediatr Health 2021 27;8:2333794X21990908. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Newborn skin disorders are quite common and happen to occur during the neonatal period. Most of the birthmarks are transient; however, worried parents often seek medical advice from their child's physician regarding skin lesions. Thus, it is important to differentiate the skin lesions from pathologic ones to avoid unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021 04 12;19(4):509-515. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Acne is an androgen-dependent inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the underlying pathways of androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, non-genomic regulation of androgen receptor expression and function, posttranslational regulation of androgen excess in acne and acne-associated syndromes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We provide insights into the involvement of sex hormones, particularly androgens, in skin homeostasis and acne pathogenesis, including comedogenesis, lipogenesis, microbiota, and inflammation. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2021 Mar 19;34(2):e14862. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Veterans Affairs Hospital and SUNY Downstate Dermatology Service, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. In the second of this two-part series, we review the pathologies in which sebaceous glands are primarily and secondarily implicated. They are primarily involved in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Read More

North Clin Istanb 2020 22;7(6):628-630. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Department of Dermatology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a benign tumor with telangiectasia on it, yellowish or skin-colored, with papulosis. Besides genetic factors, aging, ultraviolet rays, sex hormones, calcineurin inhibitors, such as cyclosporin, tacrolimus and systemic steroids, play a role in the development of sebaceous hyperplasia. Cyclosporin is widely used in organ transplant patients. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2021 Mar 23;20(3):835-837. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Early or familial cases of sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) with multiple lesions, thought to be associated with genetic predisposition, have been reported in young individuals. Rarely reported variants include the giant, diffuse, zosteriform, and/or linear (nevoid) form. However, premature SH, defined as benign proliferation of sebaceous glands that occurs during or after puberty, is histologically similar to SH. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2021 Jan 1;34(1):e14695. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Veterans Affairs Hospital and SUNY Downstate Dermatology Service, Brooklyn, New York, USA.

Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2021 May 13;112(5):414-424. Epub 2020 Dec 13.

Cátedra de Dermatología Pediátrica, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay.

Background: The skin is a fundamental organ in the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life. The newborn infant experiences physiological changes and often presents benign, transient skin characteristics that vary according to maternal, gestational, and neonatal factors.

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of various dermatologic findings during the first 72hours of life and to identify their association with maternal, gestational, or neonatal factors. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2021 Jan 4;101(1):adv00355. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, DE-93053 Regensburg, Germany. E-mail:

Actinic keratoses are a chronic condition in ultraviolet-damaged skin, with a risk of progressing to invasive skin cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive potential of field-directed repetitive daylight photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses. A randomized trial was performed, including 58 patients with ≥5 actinic keratoses on photodamaged facial skin, who received either 5 full-face sessions of daylight photodynamic therapy within a period of 2 years or lesion-directed cryosurgery. Read More

Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2021 Jan 18:1-7. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Male, 41 years old (yo) had been complaining of severe arthralgia. Past History indicated obstruction of intestinal tract at 12 yo and gastric ulcer at 13 yo. He had been suffered from polyarthralgia especially at PIP and MP joints of both hands from 38 yo. Read More

Transpl Immunol 2021 02 29;64:101355. Epub 2020 Nov 29.

Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 05403-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are susceptible to various cutaneous side effects as a consequence of long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Skin cancers and infections are well-studied complications that can cause death and/or allograft rejection. Other cutaneous drug reactions, such as inflammatory manifestations, have a high prevalence but are rarely studied. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2020 Sep-Dec;12(3):186-191. Epub 2020 Oct 30.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.

Epidermal nevus syndromes are a group of rare multiorgan disorders. Schimmelpenning syndrome is a clinical variant of epidermal nevus syndromes. This congenital syndrome is characterized by the existence of nevus sebaceous and usually accompanied by abnormalities of the eyes, skeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. Read More

Animals (Basel) 2020 Nov 4;10(11). Epub 2020 Nov 4.

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Skin tumors with adnexal differentiation are commonly reported in dogs and cats, while only anecdotal evidence is available in sheep. Here we illustrate the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of a cutaneous lesion with adnexal differentiation in a 6-year-old female Sarda breed sheep, surgically treated for a horn-like mass located in the left pinna. Additionally, we investigate a possible contribution of Ovine Papillomaviruses (OaPVs). Read More

Arch Dermatol Res 2020 Nov 5. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.

While isotretinoin has been the gold-standard of therapy for severe acne since its approval in 1982, its anti-inflammatory properties makes it a potentially applicable and versatile therapy for a wide variety of dermatologic conditions yet to be explored. This systematic review comprehensively recounts the success of oral isotretinoin in non-acne cutaneous diseases and provide insight into future directions of isotretinoin utility. A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020 Aug 22;6(4):297-304. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

Department of Oculoplastics, Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Over a period of 1 year, a 74-year-old man slowly developed a painless left upper eyelid intratarsal mass. The skin was movable over the lesion. At surgery, a well-circumscribed, yellow-white, partially cystic tumor was encountered. Read More

Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 02 22;59(2):222-227. Epub 2020 Aug 22.

Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longfleet Road, Poole, BH15 2JB, UK.

Rhinophyma is a progressive disease of the nose, which is characterised by skin thickening and sebaceous hyperplasia. Patients with rhinophyma are often stigmatised due to worsening disfigurement of their nose. This can also result in functional impairment such as reduced nasal patency. Read More

Cutis 2020 Jul;106(1):37-39

Department of Dermatology, Penn Medicine at Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA.

Phymatous rosacea is a rare and severe form of rosacea that manifests as disfiguring soft-tissue hypertrophy and sebaceous gland hyperplasia and fibrosis. Most cases are surgically treated; surgical modalities vary, however, ranging from cryosurgery to conventional excision, and consensus guidelines for surgical management do not exist. The Versajet II Hydrosurgery System (Smith-Nephew) is a high-pressure, pulsatile lavage system. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2021 Feb 4;37(1):122-131. Epub 2020 Sep 4.

Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster, United Kingdom.

Rhinophyma is a progressive and disfiguring thickening of the nasal skin. It is typically found in middle-aged or elderly Caucasian males. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2020 Aug;28(2):118-119

Associate Professor Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 4, 10000 Zagreb,, Croatia;

Morbihan disease (MD), also known as Morbihan syndrome, "solid persistent facial edema and erythema", "rosacea lymphedema", and "solid facial edema in acne", is a rare and often unrecognizable entity, that presents with a slow occurrence of persistent lymphoedema of the upper two-thirds of the face (1,2). A 30-year-old woman presented to our Department with persistent, asymptomatic face edema and erythema lasting for 18 months. She was previously treated for rosacea with doxycycline (100 mg/day for four months) without improvement. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2020 Jun;182(25)

Rhinophyma is a disfiguring skin condition characterised by progressive hyperplasia of the nasal sebaceous glands and proliferation of blood vessels and connective tissue. It is considered the end stage of rosacea and affects primarily older males of Northern European descent. Several surgical and laser treatment options are available. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 06 23;10(1):10154. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

Fifteen adult Soay rams were employed in this study to investigate the effect of melatonin on the scrotal skin using histological, histochemical, and morphometrical analysis. The results revealed that the melatonin treated group showed a significant increase in the thickness of the epidermis, the cross-sectional area of blood capillaries and nerve fibers compared with the control one. In addition, obvious hypertrophy and hyperplasia were detected in the sebaceous glands in association with a significant increase in the number and diameter of apocrine sweat glands with well-developed secretory activity. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 Jan 18;84(1):17-31. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

The Kittner Skin Cancer Screening and Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Center, New York, New York.

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a high-resolution, noninvasive tool that is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for obtaining and interpreting images of the skin and cutaneous neoplasms with the goal of decreasing unnecessary biopsy procedures in patients with benign lesions. The second article in this continuing medical education series focuses on identifying key criteria for the diagnosis of common skin cancers-melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. We contrast these findings with RCM features of common benign lesions-melanocytic nevi, solar lentigo, seborrheic keratosis, lichen planus-like keratosis, and sebaceous hyperplasia. Read More

Prim Dent J 2020 Mar;9(1):37-42

Consultant Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, King's College Hospital, Reader in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King's College London.

As part of the holistic approach to their patients, General Dental Practitioners are well placed to identify common skin lesions. Awareness and recognition of worrying lesions allow timely and appropriate referrals for further investigation and treatment. In this paper, we review benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions, as well as genetic skin conditions. Read More