Indian J Gastroenterol 2017 Jun 14. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

S M S Medical College, Sir Padampat Mother and Child Health Institute, J L N Marg, Jaipur, 302 017, India.

Neonatal hepatitis with acute liver failure due to varied etiology including various infections is reported in the past. Scrub typhus as a cause of neonatal hepatitis has rarely been reported in literature. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Read More

WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2016 Sep;5(2):117-122

Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan.

Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile illness, caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, that affects millions annually in the endemic Asia-Pacific region. In untreated cases, the case-fatality rates range from 6% to 35%. In Bhutan, there was a probable outbreak in Gedu in 2009, which resulted in heightened awareness of the disease. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017 Jul;36(7):696-697

Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

BMC Infect Dis 2017 Jun 10;17(1):413. Epub 2017 Jun 10.

Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

Background: Scrub typhus (ST) is a disease caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi, an organism that requires a BSL3 laboratory for propagation. The disease is hallmarked by an eschar at the site of the chigger bite, followed by the development of fever, malaise, myalgia, anorexia, and papulomacular rash. Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is the gold standard for scrub typhus diagnosis, however, the subjectivity of the assay, the need for a specialized laboratory and instruments has limited the wide use of the test in resource limited areas. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2017 May;21(5):326-328

National Center for Disease Control, New Delhi, India.

Scrub typhus can affect lungs from mild illness like pneumonitis to a severe illness like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Such patients may be very challenging to treat when their hypoxemia becomes severe and refractory to treatment. Main treatment is supportive in terms of mechanical ventilation. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2017 Mar;111(3):137-139

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: There are an estimated one million patients with scrub typhus in the Asia-Pacific region. There are few reports describing the incidence of scrub typhus in Vietnam.

Methods: Blood samples collected from 63 patients clinically diagnosed as having scrub typhus from July 2015 to September 2016 were subjected to genotyping of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2017 May 22. Epub 2017 May 22.

Department of Microbiology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.

We examined 33 rodents captured in an urban area of Osaka City, Japan for IgG antibodies against Seoul virus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, hepatitis E virus, Leptospira interrogans, Yersinia pestis, spotted fever, typhus and scrub typhus group rickettsiae. We found that 3 (9.1%) and 1 (3. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 May;96(5):1084-1087

Center for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

AbstractRickettsial infections are recognized as important causes of fever throughout southeast Asia. Herein, we determined the seroprevalence to rickettsioses within rural and urban populations of northern Vietnam. Prevalence of individuals with evidence of prior rickettsial infections (IgG positive) was surprisingly low, with 9. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 May;96(5):1005-1006

Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.

Indian J Med Res 2016 Dec;144(6):901-909

Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, India.

Background & Objectives: Scrub typhus is a re-emerging mite-borne rickettsiosis, which continues to be underdiagnosed, with lethal consequences. The present study was conducted to determine the seasonality, clinical presentation and predictors of mortality in patients with scrub typhus at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India.

Methods: Scrub typhus was suspected in patients attending the hospital as per the standard case definition and serological evidence was obtained by performing an IgM ELISA. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2016 Dec;144(6):893-900

ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India.

Background & Objectives: Human cases of scrub typhus are reported every year from Puducherry and adjoining areas in southern India. However, information on the presence of causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and its vectors is lacking. Hence, the objective of the study was to find out the vector as well as pathogen distribution in rodents and shrews present in the scrub typhus-reported areas in southern India. Read More

Korean J Pediatr 2017 Apr 25;60(4):124-127. Epub 2017 Apr 25.

Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Children's Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.

Purpose: Chloramphenicol and tetracycline are not recommended for treating scrub typhus in pediatric patients because of potential side effects, such as aplastic anemia or tooth discoloration. While clarithromycin has recently been used in adults, few reports have been published on its effects in pediatric patients. We report the clinical profiles of pediatric scrub typhus and the effects of clarithromycin on scrub typhus in children. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2017 Feb;111(2):43-54

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, 25, Kynsey Road, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka.

The mite-borne rickettsial zoonosis scrub typhus is widely prevalent in parts of Southeast and Far East Asia, and northern Australia. The disease is an acute febrile illness, associated with rash and often an eschar, which responds dramatically to treatment with antibiotics. In some cases it results in a serious illness leading to multiple organ involvement and death. Read More

PLoS One 2017 18;12(4):e0175890. Epub 2017 Apr 18.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Korea.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with scrub typhus.

Methods: From 2014 to 2015, 145 patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus. Of these, we enrolled 138 patients who were followed up until renal recovery or for at least 3 months. Read More

Microb Pathog 2017 Jun 12;107:335-340. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.

Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. It is an obligate intracellular bacterium that grows only in eukaryotic cells. Macrophages play an important role in innate immunity by surveilling the human body for pathogens. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 Apr 13;17(1):273. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nationale straat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.

J Assoc Physicians India 2016 Dec;64(12):30-34

Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, IGMC Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.

Background: Scrub typhus is a documented disease in Himachal Pradesh, but there have been no clinico-epidemiological studies in this area. The present study is done with IgM ELISA as a diagnostic test which has higher sensitivity and specificity as most of previous studies had used Weil Felix test as a diagnostic test.

Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2017 13;2017:6214083. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Dengue fever and scrub typhus are common causes of acute febrile illness of unclear origin in Asia. Though coinfections of many vector-borne diseases have been described, articles on dengue and scrub typhus coinfection are distinctly limited. In case of coinfection with dengue and scrub typhus, vigilant monitoring of vitals, platelets transfusion, and timely treatment with doxycycline are necessary. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2017 Mar;54(3):223-229

Smile Healthcare, Rehabilitation and Research Foundation, Smile Institute of Child Health, Ramdaspeth, Akola; *Department of Pediatrics, Ashwini Medical College, Solapur; and #Dr Yewale Multispeciality Hospital for Children, Navi Mumbai; for Indian Academy of Pediatrics "Guidelines on Rickettsial Diseases in Children" Committee. Correspondence to: Dr Narendra Rathi, Consultant Pediatrician, Smile Healthcare, Rehabilitation and Research Foundation, Smile Institute of Child Health, Ramdaspeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India.

Objective: To formulate practice guidelines on rickettsial diseases in children for pediatricians across India.

Justification: Rickettsial diseases are increasingly being reported from various parts of India. Due to low index of suspicion, nonspecific clinical features in early course of disease, and absence of easily available, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, these infections are difficult to diagnose. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2017 Mar-Apr;27(2):151-153

Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial infection commonly seen in Asia. The clinical presentation ranges from nonspecific febrile illness to potentially fatal multiorgan involvement such as liver, kidney, or lung. Central nervous system involvement is uncommon. Read More

BMJ Open 2017 Mar 15;7(3):e013882. Epub 2017 Mar 15.

Department of Internal Medicine, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Korea.

Objectives: Renal involvement in scrub typhus ranges from simple urinary abnormalities to acute kidney injury (AKI) leading to death. This study evaluated the incidence, predictors and prognosis of AKI associated with scrub typhus according to the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage kidney disease) criteria.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients diagnosed with scrub typhus from January 2001 to November 2013 in Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Read More

Mil Med 2017 Mar;182(S1):369-375

Naval Medical Research Center, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910.

Scrub typhus (ST) is an infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. Historically, ST was ranked as the second most important arthropod-borne medical problem only behind malaria during World War II and the Vietnam War. The disease occurs mainly in Southeast Asia and has been shown to emerge and reemerge in new areas, implying the increased risk for U. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Mar 10;11(3):e0005453. Epub 2017 Mar 10.

Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.

Background: Scrub typhus, a febrile illness of substantial incidence and mortality, is caused by infection with the obligately intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is estimated that there are more than one million cases annually transmitted by the parasitic larval stage of trombiculid mites in the Asia-Pacific region. The antigenic and genetic diversity of the multiple strains of O. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Jan 1;11(1):OC01-OC04. Epub 2017 Jan 1.

Professor, Department of Medicine, JIPMER , Puducherry, India .

Introduction: Health Care associated Infections (HAI) are the most common complications affecting the hospitalized patients. HAI are more common in developing and under developed countries. However, there are no systematic surveillance programs in these countries. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Mar 8;11(3):e0005447. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between climate variability, animal reservoirs and scrub typhus incidence in Southern China.

Methods: We obtained data on scrub typhus cases in Guangzhou every month from 2006 to 2014 from the Chinese communicable disease network. Time-series Poisson regression models and distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNM) were used to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and scrub typhus. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017 Mar;51(3):252-256

Department of Acute Infectious Disease, Taizhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Taizhou 225300, China.

Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease, and to confirm the existence of the disease's epidemic foci in Taizhou. Methods: From 2013 to 2014, Dongxing town hospital and Xingqiao town hospital were selected as specimen collection sites in Jingjiang city. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from 40 patients with acute tsutsugamushi disease. Read More

Indian J Med Res 2016 Oct;144(4):597-603

Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.

Background & Objectives: Scrub typhus is a vector-borne zoonotic infection caused by Orientiatsutsugamushi. Local epidemiology of the circulating serotypes of scrub typhus is not available from most parts of India. We conducted this study for the diagnosis of scrub typhus using IgM ELISA and to detect O. Read More

J Glob Infect Dis 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):12-17

Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Dengue and scrub typhus share similar clinical and epidemiological features, and are difficult to differentiate at initial presentation. Many places are endemic to both these infections where they comprise the majority of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses.

Materials And Methods: We aimed to develop a score that can differentiate scrub typhus from dengue. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Mar 1;11(3):e0005408. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne febrile disease caused by O. tsutsugamushi infection. Recently, emergence of scrub typhus has attracted considerable attention in several endemic countries in Asia and the western Pacific. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Feb 27;11(2):e0005397. Epub 2017 Feb 27.

URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

Background: Scrub typhus is a rickettsiosis which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and occurs throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Molecular diagnosis of rickettsioses using eschar swabs has recently emerged, and may be very useful for the diagnosis of these diseases in tropical settings.

Methodology/principal Findings: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect O. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2017 Jun 27;84(6):420-424. Epub 2017 Feb 27.

Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302004, India.

Objectives: To determine the incidence, etiology and outcome of Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in hospitalized children.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in 242 children between 6 mo to 18 y of age hospitalized with primary cardiac, renal or any systemic disorder at a tertiary care center in India. The primary outcome was the development of CRS. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2017 Feb 23. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Division of Cardiology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

Background/aims: Scrub typhus is known as a self-limited infectious disease. Cardiac complication is uncommon and usually not life-threatening. Until now, few cases of fulminant myocarditis by scrub typhus have been reported. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2017 Jan-Feb;62(1):1-6

Department of Dermatology, S. S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davanagere, Karnataka, India.

Rickettsial diseases are some of the most covert reemerging infections of the present times. They are generally incapacitating and notoriously difficult to diagnose; untreated cases can have fatality rates as high as 30%-35%, but when diagnosed properly, they are often easily treated but lack of definite diagnostic tools and the hazards of handling these microorganisms aggravate the difficulties of diagnosis and treatment. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2017 May 15;55(5):1377-1387. Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a common cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in the Asia-Pacific region. However, its nonspecific clinical manifestation often prevents early diagnosis. We propose the use of PCR and serologic tests as diagnostic tools. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2017 Jan-Mar;60(1):70-73

Department of Microbiology, Dr. A. L. Mudaliar PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Context: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease is under-diagnosed in India, because of low index of suspicion and also due to its nonspecific presentation, and lack of confirmatory diagnostic tests.

Aims: This study was undertaken to diagnose scrub typhus in patients with undifferentiated fevers by serology and molecular methods. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 Feb 13;17(1):141. Epub 2017 Feb 13.

International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background: We conducted a study to identify Rickettsia, Coxiella, Leptospira, Bartonella, and Chikungunya virus infections among febrile patients presenting at hospitals in Bangladesh.

Methods: We collected blood samples from patients at six tertiary hospitals from December 2008 to November 2009 and performed laboratory tests at the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Results: Out of 720 enrolled patients, 263 (37%) were infected with Rickettsia; 132 patients had immunofluorescence antibody titer >64 against spotted fever, 63 patients against scrub typhus fever and 10 patients against typhus fever. Read More

Trop Med Int Health 2017 May 2;22(5):576-582. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of scrub typhus in Tamil Nadu, South India.

Methods: We performed a clustered seroprevalence study of the areas around Vellore. All participants completed a risk factor survey, with seropositive and seronegative participants acting as cases and controls, respectively, in a risk factor analysis. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2016 Dec;20(12):749

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yashoda Multi Speciality Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Lung India 2017 Jan-Feb;34(1):38-42

Department of Anaesthesiology, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is seen in critically ill patients. Its etiological spectrum in India is expected to be different from that seen in western countries due to the high prevalence of tropical infections.

Aim: To study the epidemiological profile of ARDS patients. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2017 Jan 26;23(1):45-50. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan. Electronic address:

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). The aim of this study was to clarify whether SFTS is potentially mis-diagnosed as rickettsioses, including spotted fever, typhus fever, and scrub typhus, which are also tick-borne disease. A total of 464 serum samples collected from 222 patients with clinically suspected rickettsiosis between 1999 and 2012 were tested for antibodies against the SFTSV. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 Mar 6;96(3):557-560. Epub 2017 Apr 6.

Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.

AbstractCentral nervous system involvement manifesting as meningitis or meningoencephalitis is a known complication of scrub typhus, but very few spinal cord lesions such as acute transverse myelitis (ATM) have been reported in association with this disease. Scrub typhus patients with a spinal lesion present with neurologic symptoms including dysuria, motor, and sensory weakness. Herein, we describe a rare case of ATM associated with scrub typhus. Read More

Cell Microbiol 2017 Jul 3;19(7). Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.

Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, a potentially fatal infection that afflicts 1 million people annually. This obligate intracellular bacterium boasts one of the largest microbial arsenals of ankyrin repeat-containing protein (Ank) effectors, most of which target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by undefined mechanisms. Ank9 is the only one proven to function during infection. Read More

Kidney Int 2017 May 11;91(5):1033-1046. Epub 2017 Jan 11.

George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India, and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

South and Southeast Asia and Latin American together comprise 46 countries and are home to approximately 40% of the world population. The sociopolitical and economic heterogeneity, tropical climate, and malady transitions characteristic of the region strongly influence disease behavior and health care delivery. Acute kidney injury epidemiology mirrors these inequalities. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 Jan 13;17(1):67. Epub 2017 Jan 13.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, PO Box 6, Ragama, Sri Lanka.

Background: To date more than 20 antigenically distinct strains of Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) reported within the tsutsugamushi triangle that cause an undifferentiated acute febrile illness in humans. Genotypic characterization of OT in different geographic regions or within the same country, is important in order to establish effective diagnostics, clinical management and to develop effective vaccines. Genetic and antigenic characterization of OT causing human disease in OT-endemic regions is not known for Sri Lanka. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 Jan 5;17(1):13. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

The State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Da Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China.

Background: In the last decade, scrub typhus (ST) has been emerging or re-emerging in some areas of Asia, including Guangzhou, one of the most affected endemic areas of ST in China.

Methods: Based on the data on all cases reported in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2014, we characterized the epidemiological features, and identified environmental determinants for the spatial distribution of ST using a panel negative binomial model.

Results: A total of 4821 scrub typhus cases were reported in Guangzhou during 2006-2014. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2017 Jan 5;17(1). Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.

Background: Scrub typhus is a mite-borne rickettsiosis caused by infection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is endemic to several Asia-Pacific Rim countries, including Japan. Although micro-indirect immunofluorescent assay (micro-IFA) is the standard method for the serological diagnosis of scrub typhus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is considered to be more objective, by providing digitized results as opposed to being subject to the judgment of the evaluator as in micro-IFA. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a broad-ranging ELISA using the five major prevalent serotypes of O. Read More

Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017 Apr 5;17(4):260-267. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Guangzhou, China .

Purpose: To describe the genotypes distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi, in Guangzhou, and explore differences in clinical and laboratory features among genotypes.

Method: We collected blood or eschar samples of all scrub typhus cases reported in 2013 from 10 district hospitals positive for PCR. We further tested the PCR-positive samples for DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Nov 1;10(11):DC07-DC10. Epub 2016 Nov 1.

Teaching Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Hallym University College of Medicine , Chuncheon, Gangwon do, South Korea .

Introduction: Scrub Typhus (ST) is being reported from different parts of India in the recent past. However, the diagnosis and confirmation of ST cases require specific serological and molecular diagnostic tests. Both rapid and conventional ELISA tests need to be properly evaluated. Read More

Jpn J Radiol 2017 Mar 2;35(3):101-108. Epub 2017 Jan 2.

Department of Radiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Chonbuk, 54907, Korea.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and radiological findings of abdominopelvic involvement in scrub typhus.

Materials And Methods: Abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) of 78 patients with scrub typhus were evaluated by two readers. The presence of gallbladder wall thickening, arterial inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver, periportal edema, splenic infarction, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, and sites of lymphadenopathy were evaluated. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016 Dec 30;10(12):e0005185. Epub 2016 Dec 30.

Hospital Escuela Oscar Danilo Rosales Arguello, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua, León, Nicaragua.

Background: Rickettsial infections and Q fever present similarly to other acute febrile illnesses, but are infrequently diagnosed because of limited diagnostic tools. Despite sporadic reports, rickettsial infections and Q fever have not been prospectively studied in Central America.

Methodology/principal Findings: We enrolled consecutive patients presenting with undifferentiated fever in western Nicaragua and collected epidemiologic and clinical data and acute and convalescent sera. Read More