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Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jun;100(23):e26274

Department of Anatomy, Inner Mongolia Medical University.

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of changes in the sagittal arrangement of the spine between adolescent patients with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and normal adolescents, the risk factors for AIS and the factors affecting the progress of AIS.X-ray images of the full length of the spine in standing position were taken in AIS patients and normal adolescents. Radiographic measurements made at intermediate follow-up included the following:C1 and C2 cervical lordosis and C2 - C7 curvature of cervical lordosis, C2-C7sagittal horizontal distance (C2-C7SagittalVerticalAxis, C2-C7SVA), TS-CL, after thoracic lobe (Thoracic Kyphosis, TK), thoracic lumbar segment Angle (thoracolumbar kyphosis, [TLK]), lumbar lordosis Angle (Lumbar Lordosis, LL), sacral slope Angle (Sacrum Slope, SS), pelvic tilt Angle (Pelvic Tilt, PT), pelvic incidence (PI), L5 Incidence (Lumbar5 Slope (L5S), L5 incidence (Lumbar5 Incidence (L5I), sagittal horizontal distance (CSVA), lower depression Angle of the 2nd cervical spine. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 25;12:676083. Epub 2021 May 25.

University College London (UCL) Great Ormond Street (GOS) Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.

Objective: The International Cooperative Growth Study, NutropinAq European Registry (iNCGS) (NCT00455728) monitored long-term safety and effectiveness of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; NutropinAq [somatropin]) in paediatric growth disorders.

Methods: Open-label, non-interventional, post-marketing surveillance study recruiting children with growth disorders. Endpoints included gain in height standard deviation score (SDS), adult height, and occurrence of adverse events (AEs). Read More

Pain Manag 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Université de Paris, Paris, France.

Opioid-reduced anesthesia (ORA) was suggested to decrease morphine consumption after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery and incidence of chronic pain. A prospective analysis using the ORA in AIS surgery was performed. Two cohorts were compared: a control group (opioid-based anesthesia) and the ORA group. Read More

J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Background: Conventional surgical treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of correction of the spinal deformity with rigid spinal instrumentation and fusion. Less-invasive and fusionless surgery could potentially improve patient outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a recently U. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021 Jul;46(13):845-851

Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Study Design: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of USBS with standard-of-care surgical instruments during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) by evaluating the difference in estimated blood loss per level fused (EBL/level).

Summary Of Background Data: PSF surgery for AIS is often associated with high blood loss. Read More

Spine Deform 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Indian Spinal Injury Centre, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To document baseline cervical sagittal characteristics in Lenke 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and assess the alteration in these parameters with surgery.

Methods: Pre-operative and 2-year postoperative radiographs of 82 Lenke 1 AIS patients recruited from five hospitals were analysed. Selected radiographic parameters capturing regional and global sagittal alignment were measured. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Jul;41(6):327-332

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Background: A successful disease screening strategy requires a high incidence of the condition, efficacy of early treatment, and efficient detection. There is limited population-based data describing trends in incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the United States and potential role of school screening programs on the incidence of AIS. Thus, we sought to evaluate the incidence of AIS over a 20-year period between 1994 and 2013 using a population-based cohort. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Jul;41(Suppl 1):S70-S74

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition.

Background: Adolescent patients with moderate to severe idiopathic scoliosis who have completed their skeletal growth face a significant choice in their treatment path: watchful waiting or spinal fusion. Shared decision making (SDM) assists patients and clinicians to find treatments that make intellectual, practical and emotional sense. Our objective was to develop a tool that supports SDM for patients with scoliosis and their families. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Jul;41(Suppl 1):S59-S63

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.

Background: Indications for posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with segmental spinal instrumentation (SSI) of a scoliotic deformity in a skeletally mature individual are based on the balance between the anticipated benefit of stopping future curve progression and the potential downside of loss of spinal mobility. The dilemma regarding PSF with SSI in the adolescent population is exacerbated by the patient's participation in athletics requiring flexibility and motion of the spine, the location of the curve, the presence of pelvic obliquity, and the impact of a limb length discrepancy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of PSF with SSI in a hypothetical skeletally mature adolescent with a 45-degree lumbar curve, pelvic obliquity, and limb length discrepancy. Read More

Global Spine J 2021 Jun 7:21925682211019692. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Orthopedics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the factors contributing to the development of postoperative distal junctional kyphosis (DJK) in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with lowest instrumented vertebrae (LIV) at or above L1.

Methods: Patients with Lenke type 1 or 2 curves who underwent PSF with LIV at or above L1 with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were evaluated. Read More

J Orthop Translat 2021 Jul 19;29:51-59. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Background & Objective: The application of ultrasound imaging for spine evaluation could minimize radiation exposure for patients with adolescence idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). A customized three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging system has been demonstrated to provide reliable and valid coronal curvature measurements. However, these measurements were using the spinous processes as anatomical reference, leading to a predictable underestimation of the traditionally used Cobb angles. Read More

Glob Adv Health Med 2021 22;10:21649561211019372. Epub 2021 May 22.

Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY, USA.

In their recent article, Side Plank Pose Exercises for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients, Sarkisova, et. al. found no beneficial effect using the simple poses that Drs. Read More

Eur Spine J 2021 Jun 6. Epub 2021 Jun 6.

ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Milan, Italy.

Purpose: In conservative early onset scoliosis treatment, interest in bracing is growing because repeated general anaesthesia (required by casting) has been questioned for possible brain damages. We aimed to check the results in the medium term of bracing, comparing idiopathic (IIS) to secondary (SIS) infantile scoliosis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study in a consecutive prospective cohort. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Chu Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, Canada.

Study Design: Prospective case series.

Objective: Determine the efficacy of anterior vertebral body tethering (AVBT) in skeletally immature patients.

Summary Of Background Data: The value of AVBT is currently unclear given the paucity of available data. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Women's and Children's Hospital Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

Background: Several options for grafting exist; iliac crest bone grafting, allografts, and bone substitutes. Local bone graft (LBG) offers high-quality bone graft and no commercial cost. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiologic results of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery with posterior instrumentation and fusion (PIF) in patients using only LBG and to measure the quantities harvested. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2021 May 27;152:110616. Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China; Zhongde Scoliosis Clinic and Research Center, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

The pathogenesis of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) remains unclear. Previous research proposed that ligament laxity is a clinical feature that can be easily overlooked in patients with AIS. We speculated a new hypothesis which is an improvement of our three-dimensional spring model hypothesis of AIS pathogenesis. Read More

Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España.

Posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion with pedicle screws inserted by free-hand technique and controlled by multimodal intraoperative monitoring is the most common technique in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Pneumothorax is a described complication of this kind of procedure. Triggered electromyography is used to identify pedicle wall breakthrough and prevent neurological injuries. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 5;13(4):e14299. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Orthopaedics Spine Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, USA.

Limited unilateral instrumentation has been used in the past in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; however, to our knowledge, there are no reported cases with ultra-long follow up regarding this. Our objective is to report on the 43-year follow-up of limited Harrington rod instrumentation for the treatment of a double major adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curve. We describe the patient's initial presentation, including history, physical exam, radiographic findings and clinical decision-making. Read More

Spine Deform 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1825 4th St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.

Purpose: To report a rare ureteral injury following anterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) that resulted in complete nephrectomy and to delineate the anatomical relationship between the proximal ureter and the anterior lumbar spine based on CT angiography (CTA).

Methods: Thoracolumbar spine CTAs of children with AIS were reviewed. We measured the following relationships to the ureters: lateral-most aspect of vertebral body, anterior psoas at intervertebral disc/vertebral body levels, and lateral psoas at vertebral body level. Read More

Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sangubashi Spine Surgery Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe Medical Center Kobe, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma Spine Center, Takasaki, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan Department of Orthopedic Surgery, JCHO Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Study Design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and surgical predictors of postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) in Lenke type 2A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background Data: Although several studies have investigated the factors influencing PSI in Lenke type 2 curves, no studies have analyzed PSI-related factors considering upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and lumbar modifier type simultaneously. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 May 22;11(6). Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.

Lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by structural and compositional changes. This study aimed to assess the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of IVDs of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and healthy controls using GAG chemical exchange saturation transfer (gagCEST) imaging. Ten AIS patients (mean age 18. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 12;10(10). Epub 2021 May 12.

Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, 61-545 Poznan, Poland.

The study aimed to carry on the process of the cultural adaptation of the Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life Questionnaire (ISYQOL) into Polish (ISYQOL-PL). The a priori hypothesis was: the ISYQOL-PL questionnaire is reliable and appropriate for adolescents with a spinal deformity. Fifty-six adolescents (mean age 13. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2021 May 21;12(6). Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Spine Disorders and Pediatric Orthopedics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 r. Street 135/147, 61-545 Poznan, Poland.

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a multifactorial disease with epigenetic modifications. Tissue dependent and differentially methylated regions (T-DMRs) may regulate tissue-specific expression of the estrogen receptor 1 gene (). This study aimed to analyze methylation levels within T-DMR1 and T-DMR2 and its concatenation with ESR1 expression of IS patients. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 15;10(10). Epub 2021 May 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Brace treatment is the most common noninvasive treatment in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS); however it is currently not fully known whether there is a difference in effectiveness between brace types/concepts. All studies on brace treatment for AIS were searched for in PubMed and EMBASE up to January 2021. Articles that did not report on maturity of the study population were excluded. Read More

JB JS Open Access 2021 Apr-Jun;6(2). Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Centre for Pediatric Pain Research (K.M.B. and J.C.) and Division of Orthopedic Surgery (R.E.-H.), IWK Health Centre, and Department of Psychology & Neuroscience (K.M.B. and J.C.), and Department of Psychiatry (J.C.), Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Background: A better understanding of early pain trajectories (patterns) following scoliosis surgery and how they relate to baseline patient characteristics and functional outcomes may allow for the development of mitigating strategies to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. Adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis were recruited across multiple centers. Read More

Clin Sports Med 2021 Jul;40(3):541-554

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. Electronic address:

Idiopathic scoliosis will be noted in 2% to 3% of typically developing athletes. Sports physicals are an opportunity to screen for spinal deformity and to promote healthy involvement in activities. Bracing is effective at limiting further progression if a curve progresses beyond 20°. Read More

Bone 2021 May 26;150:116022. Epub 2021 May 26.

Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is an abnormality of the vertebral column with a spine curvature of at least 10 degrees. It is the most common spinal deformity in children with a prevalence of 2%-3%, and its aetiology is unknown. Genetic factors are known to play a role and a number of linkage analyses showed associations of various loci. Read More

J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021 May 28. Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, Spine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which is associated with an extensive range of clinical and radiological presentations, is the one of the most challenging spinal disorders. The goals of surgery are to correct the deformity in 3 dimensions and to preserve motion segments while avoiding complications. Despite the ongoing evolution of classification systems and algorithms for the surgical treatment of AIS, there has been considerable debate regarding the selection of an appropriate fusion level in AIS. Read More

Stud Health Technol Inform 2021 May;281:288-292

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomechanics, Switzerland.

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is lifetime disorder indicated by the abnormal spinal curvature, and it is usually detected in children and adolescents. Traditional radiographic assessment of scoliosis is time-consuming and unreliable due to high variability in images and manual interpretation. Vertebrae localization and centerline extraction from a biplanar X-ray is essential for pathological diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision making. Read More

J Child Orthop 2021 Apr;15(2):166-170

St Georges University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Purpose: Current clinical and radiological methods of predicting a patient's growth potential are limited in terms of practicality, accuracy and known to differ in different races. This information influences optimal timing of bracing and surgical intervention in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The Luk classification was developed to mitigate limitations of existing tools. Read More