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Cornea 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral multifocal stromal crystalline keratopathy in the setting of relapsing polychondritis (RP).

Methods: Case report.

Results: We describe a 31-year-old woman who presented with ocular inflammation, bilateral auricular chondritis, and nasal chondritis, meeting the clinical criteria of RP. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.

Purpose: To assess how often non-infectious anterior scleritis remits and identify predictive factors.

Methods: Our retrospective cohort study at four ocular inflammation subspecialty centers collected data for each affected eye/patient at every visit from center inception (1978, 1978, 1984, 2005) until 2010. Remission was defined as inactivity of disease off all suppressive medications at all visits spanning at least three consecutive months or at all visits up to the last visit (to avoid censoring patients stopping follow-up after remission). Read More

Clin Exp Immunol 2019 Mar 28. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, China.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) genes with scleritis in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 432 scleritis patients and 710 healthy controls. Four tag SNPs of CTLA4 and nine tag SNPs of PTPN22 were selected using Haploview. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

J Curr Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 19;31(1):16-23. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, UKS, Homburg, Saar, Germany.

Purpose: To summarize actual literature data on clinical signs, differential diagnosis, and treatment of acanthamoeba keratitis.

Methods: Review of literature.

Results: Clinical signs of acanthamoeba keratitis are in early stages grey-dirty epithelium, pseudodendritiformic epitheliopathy, perineuritis, multifocal stromal infiltrates, ring infiltrate and in later stages scleritis, iris atrophy, anterior synechiae, secondary glaucoma, mature cataract, and chorioretinitis. Read More

JMM Case Rep 2019 Feb 20;6(2):e005175. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Departament of Microbiology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla - IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.

Introduction: complex has been associated with infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Infection can be localized or disseminated, affecting skin and soft tissues, the respiratory system, bones and joints, the circulatory system and especially the central nervous system. Ocular infections such as keratitis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, orbital cellulitis and endophthalmitis due to spp. Read More

N Engl J Med 2019 Mar;380(11):1062-1071

From the Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, and Legacy Devers Eye Institute - both in Portland (J.T.R.); and the Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston (L.M.R.), the Departments of Radiology (K.A.B.), Medicine (M.B.B.), and Pathology (M.P.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (K.A.B.), Medicine (M.B.B.), and Pathology (M.P.H.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston.

Br J Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre in Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.

Background/aim: To report the efficacy and tolerability of antitumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy (TNF inhibitors [TNFi]) in the management of non-infectious ocular inflammation, including uveitis and scleritis, in adult patients over an 8-year period.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of infliximab and adalimumab in the treatment of non-infectious ocular inflammatory disease. 43 of 85 adult patients on TNFi (34 infliximab, 9 adalimumab) for ≥1 year with non-infectious uveitis or scleritis were followed from 2006 to 2014. Read More

Swiss Med Wkly 2019 02 10;149:w20025. Epub 2019 Mar 10.

Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Ophthalmology Department, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Ocular inflammations such as uveitis and scleritis can lead to significant visual impairment if not treated properly. To limit potentially sight-threatening complications, good control of the inflammation in the acute phase is necessary. Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of ocular therapies for many years, but high doses of corticosteroids, which are required to maintain quiescence in severe uveitis, can be associated with many systemic and ocular complications. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2019 May 4;18(5):493-500. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Objective: To analyse the ocular manifestations of patients with GPA, their treatment and outcome.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study performed at the National Referral Center for Vasculitis, Cochin Hospital, Paris (France), from January 2005 to December 2015. Among 308 patients with a new diagnosis of GPA in accordance with the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and/or revised Chapel Hill nomenclature definitions, we identified those with ocular involvement and a subsequent follow up in our center. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Division of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Purpose: Aminobisphosphonates may cause orbital/ocular inflammation. Awareness of the clinical presentation and disease course is crucial. The purpose of this study was to analyse demographics, clinical presentation, disease course and treatment of aminobisphosphonate-associated orbital/ocular inflammation in a large series of patients. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14603

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

This retrospective study investigated the risk factors of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) occurring after vitrectomy performed to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).All patients were treated with vitrectomy for PDR. Patients with history(s) of the following were excluded: ocular surgery (except phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation or retinal laser photocoagulation); ocular trauma; systemic diseases; ocular diseases; uveitis; scleritis; tumor; congenital ocular disorders; or others. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019 Feb 26:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyorin University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features and visual outcomes of Japanese patients with posterior scleritis.

Methods: Clinical records of 10 patients (13 eyes) presenting between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The mean age was 50. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2019 May 5;72(5):386-390. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Ophthalmology, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA

The sclera is an uncommon site of primary inflammation. Biopsy is infrequently employed in the evaluation of scleritis, but familiarity with its differential diagnosis is instrumental in ensuring efficient histological evaluation. This review provides a clinical overview of scleritis and describes the context in which scleral biopsy might arise. Read More

Joint Bone Spine 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Inserm UMR 1125, 1, rue de Chablis, 93017 Bobigny, France; Service de rhumatologie, assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), groupe hospitalier Avicenne Jean-Verdier-René-Muret, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93017 Bobigny, France.

Corneal and scleral disorders related to inflammatory rheumatic diseases vary both in frequency and in severity. Sicca syndrome and its complications are the most common ocular manifestations and, together with episcleritis, can usually be managed by topical treatments. In contrast, the various forms of scleritis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis generally require systemic glucocorticoid therapy and the initiation or intensification of immunosuppressive treatment. Read More

Rheumatol Int 2019 Mar 31;39(3):489-495. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, CP 14000, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.

Ocular involvement is present in 50-60% of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients and can affect any part of the ocular globe. The present study describes ophthalmologic manifestations, association with systemic symptoms, disease activity and damage in GPA. A cross-sectional study was conducted including patients with GPA who underwent rheumatologic and ophthalmologic evaluation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 28;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Cornea 2019 May;38(5):658-661

Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI.

Purpose: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common autoimmune disease affecting about four million Americans. Although approximately 1 in 10 patients with clinically-significant aqueous deficient dry eye has underlying SS, widespread underappreciation of SS leads to significant underdiagnosis, delays in diagnosis, and consequent morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this article is to illustrate that in addition to dry eye, SS can cause serious, vision-threatening extraglandular ocular manifestations. Read More

Front Microbiol 2018 8;9:3240. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a rare and aggressive T-cell malignancy with a high mortality rate, resulting in a lack of information among ophthalmologists. Here, we investigated the state of ophthalmic medical care for ATL and ATL-related ocular manifestations by conducting the first large-scale nationwide survey in Japan. A total of 115 facilities were surveyed, including all university hospitals in Japan that were members of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society and regional core facilities that were members of the Japanese Ocular Inflammation Society. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Dermatology, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK.

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 14:1120672118823121. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Purpose:: Posterior scleritis is the least frequent form of scleritis accounting for around 2%-8% of all scleritis cases. We aim to present the 6-year clinical course of a 62-year-old female patient with bilateral progressive necrotizing posterior scleritis who suffered from concurrent active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Methods:: Descriptive case report. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019 Mar 4;13:53-55. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

Purpose: To report the successful use of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory uveitis and scleritis.

Observations: Two patients, one with scleritis and another with anterior and intermediate uveitis, presented with refractory disease after failure of multiple steroid-sparing therapies. Treatment with tofacitinib led to durable resolution of uveitis and scleritis. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 2;53(6):e260-e262. Epub 2018 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 23;12:2145-2148. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes and complications of scleral fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) using Gore-Tex suture.

Methods: The current study is a retrospective noncomparative case series including patients who underwent scleral fixation of IOL (Akreos AO60) using Gore-Tex suture from August 2015 to March 2017 at a university teaching center. Primary outcome measures were visual acuity and complications at last follow-up. Read More

Pract Neurol 2019 Apr 13;19(2):147-155. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

A 65-year-old man presented with transient neurological symptoms, followed by rapid cognitive decline, myoclonus and fevers. He had evidence of scleritis and an arthropathy. This paper reports the clinicopathological conference discussed at the Association of British Neurologists Annual Meeting 2017. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Nov 9:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

d Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , Fayoum University , Fayoum , Egypt.

Purpose: To report the clinical experience with scleritis at four Egyptian tertiary care eye centers.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective chart review of all patients with scleritis visiting four ocular inflammation referral clinics in Egypt between January 2013 and October 2017.

Results: A total of 303 scleritis patients were enrolled. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;66(11):1587-1591

Departments of Uvea, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To report the clinical profile of a series of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated scleritis in Indian population.

Methods: : We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 33 eyes of 26 consecutive patients with scleritis, who tested positive for either antibody to proteinase 3 [anti-PR3/cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)] or myeloperoxidase [anti-MPO/perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA)] between 2006 and 2015.

Results: : The mean age at presentation was 54. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To characterise the ocular and extraocular findings in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP) patients.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study.

Methods: A total number of 16 patients with ocular RP, seen in our tertiary uveitis referral centre over a time period of 10 years were included in this study. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 9;198:88-96. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address:

Purpose: Histoplasmosis is a known complication of systemic immunosuppressive therapy, particularly among patients who are receiving tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors. There are limited data on the development of disseminated or pulmonary histoplasmosis among patients who are receiving systemic immunosuppressive medication for noninfectious ocular inflammation.

Design: Retrospective case series. Read More

J Glaucoma 2019 Feb;28(2):e21-e23

Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to report a case of panscleritis after gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).

Methods: We describe the case of a 33-year-old man with a history of unilateral anterior uveitis and glaucoma, who developed panscleritis after GATT surgery.

Results: Uneventful GATT surgery was performed in a glaucomatous left eye. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct;66(10):1467-1468

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Sep 19:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical features of patients with ocular inflammatory diseases (OID) who tested positive for atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA).

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with OID seen at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute (MERSI) from April 2014 to April 2016.

Results: 813 patients were tested for ANCA with 34 patients (4%) being positive for atypical P-ANCA. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;29(6):588-603

The Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco.

Purpose Of Review: Nearly one-half of all uveitis cases seen at tertiary referral centers have no identifiable cause. Many systemic, paraocular, intraocular, topical medications, and even vaccines can induce intraocular inflammation, scleritis, and rarely orbititis and are often overlooked as causes of uveitis. This review was undertaken to elucidate the strength of association of these medications with uveitis and to make clinicians aware of these associations, especially among newer medications. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 13;30(3):268-272. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Purpose: To report a case of prolonged conjunctivitis as the manifestation of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).

Methods: A 37-year-old man presented with prolonged conjunctivitis which had persisted for one month. He was taking medication for his conjunctivitis without any response. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Dec 29;12:45-48. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the usefulness of B-scan ocular ultrasound images for the diagnosis of optic perineuritis.

Observations: A 72-year-old woman developed nonpainful blurred vision in her left eye. At the first ophthalmological consultation, she had optic disc swelling and choroidal folds in both eyes and subretinal fluid in the left eye. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Aug 27:1-3. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

a Medical and Vision Research Foundations , Sankara Nethralaya , Chennai , India.

Purpose: To describe a case of presumed tuberculous sclerokeratitis which presented with anterior uveitis and hypopyon Methods: A retrospective chart review Results: A 23-year-old female presented with nodular scleritis, peripheral corneal opacities, and severe anterior chamber reaction with hypopyon. Her Mantoux test and interferon gamma release assay were positive and high-resolution computerized tomography of chest revealed right hilar lymphadenopathy. Aqueous aspirate from anterior chamber paracentesis of her right eye was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 08 11;53(4):e158-e162. Epub 2017 Dec 11.

Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 08 13;53(4):349-353. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.

Objective: To assess corticosteroid-sparing and inflammation control in patients with noninfectious scleritis treated with methotrexate.

Design: Retrospective review.

Participants: Patients who received methotrexate treatment for noninfectious scleritis and who had 12 months of follow-up after treatment initiation were included in this review. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2018 May-Jun;7(3):538-541

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, CMC, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Data of musculoskeletal manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are limited to case reports, series, or retrospective studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to create awareness among doctors about musculoskeletal manifestations of TB.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a referral TB Hospital in North India in September and October 2016. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Aug 13;8(1):12071. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia.

Recent reports from different world regions suggest ocular syphilis is re-emerging, in parallel with an increasing incidence of the systemic infection globally. We conducted a large observational study of 127 persons consecutively treated for ocular syphilis at public medical centers in Brazil over a 2.5-year period ending July 2015. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(32):e11875

Rationale: Dengue fever is a notable emerging infectious disease that is now seen worldwide, with an estimated incidence of approximately 390 million cases per year. Although ocular complications are uncommon among dengue fever-infected patients, caution is needed to prevent vision loss. Here we report a potentially serious sight-threatening complication of dengue fever, dengue fever-associated necrotizing scleritis. Read More

Lupus 2018 Oct 9;27(12):1985-1988. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Systemic autoimmune diseases are associated with ocular inflammatory conditions such as episcleritis, scleritis, keratitis, and uveitis. However, ocular manifestations have been reported to correlate with the extent of systemic disease. We present a patient with scleritis, keratitis, and orbital cellulitis, as the isolated manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Read More

Eur J Rheumatol 2018 Sep 22;5(3):165-168. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition that can cause profound morbidity. Patients can present with recurrent nodules, sinus tract formation, abscesses, and/or scarring, mainly affecting the intertriginous areas. Case reports have documented the coexistence of HS and inflammatory eye disease (IED). Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Sep 1;11:28-31. Epub 2018 May 1.

Texan Eye, 1700 S Mopac, Austin, TX, USA.

Purpose: To report the first case of infectious surgically-induced necrotizing scleritis following strabismus surgery which was treated successfully with a tectonic corneal graft.

Observations: We report a case of surgically-induced necrotizing scleritis after strabismus surgery in a 61-year-old gentleman with gout and a subconjunctival abscess. Surgical drainage of the subconjunctival abscess led to a diagnosis of scleral melt which was subsequently treated with a tectonic corneal graft along with aggressive medical management. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 24;194:72-81. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report cases of necrotizing scleritis, a sight-threatening complication that can result from cosmetic conjunctivectomy procedures.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent eye-whitening conjunctivectomy with mitoycin C (MMC) treatment performed by 1 surgeon in South Korea and were referred to the authors' clinic between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Sep 20;11:3-5. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522 Nara, Japan.

Purpose: Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multiorgan disease characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation and deterioration of cartilages. We report a case of relapsing polychondritis that presented with severe panuveitis.

Observations: A 53-year-old man visited our hospital because of ocular pain in both eyes of 2 weeks' duration. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Jul 24. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1113-1114

Uveitis Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Puducherry, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1109-1112

Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the clinical profile of patients with posterior scleritis at a tertiary eye center in Eastern India.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective case series of patients who were diagnosed as posterior scleritis between January 2010 and December 2014, with a follow-up period of at least 6 months.

Results: The study included 18 patients of posterior scleritis with a mean age of 41. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1084-1087

R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to report the occurrence of contamination/replacement of ophthalmic eye drops with liquids of acidic nature in patients treated for nonresponding scleritis.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series study.

Results: Of the three patients (4 eyes) referred as necrotizing scleritis, two were found to have acid as the content in the bottle/s being used as eye drops, confirmed using biochemical tests. Read More