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Can J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 2;53(6):e260-e262. Epub 2018 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, N.C.

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 23;12:2145-2148. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA,

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes and complications of scleral fixated intraocular lenses (IOLs) using Gore-Tex suture.

Methods: The current study is a retrospective noncomparative case series including patients who underwent scleral fixation of IOL (Akreos AO60) using Gore-Tex suture from August 2015 to March 2017 at a university teaching center. Primary outcome measures were visual acuity and complications at last follow-up. Read More

Pract Neurol 2018 Nov 13. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.

A 65-year-old man presented with transient neurological symptoms, followed by rapid cognitive decline, myoclonus and fevers. He had evidence of scleritis and an arthropathy. This paper reports the clinicopathological conference discussed at the Association of British Neurologists Annual Meeting 2017. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Nov 9:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

d Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine , Fayoum University , Fayoum , Egypt.

Purpose: To report the clinical experience with scleritis at four Egyptian tertiary care eye centers.

Methods: Multicenter retrospective chart review of all patients with scleritis visiting four ocular inflammation referral clinics in Egypt between January 2013 and October 2017.

Results: A total of 303 scleritis patients were enrolled. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;66(11):1587-1591

Departments of Uvea, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To report the clinical profile of a series of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated scleritis in Indian population.

Methods: : We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of 33 eyes of 26 consecutive patients with scleritis, who tested positive for either antibody to proteinase 3 [anti-PR3/cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)] or myeloperoxidase [anti-MPO/perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (pANCA)] between 2006 and 2015.

Results: : The mean age at presentation was 54. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 12. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To characterise the ocular and extraocular findings in patients with relapsing polychondritis (RP) patients.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal study.

Methods: A total number of 16 patients with ocular RP, seen in our tertiary uveitis referral centre over a time period of 10 years were included in this study. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 8. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Mayo Clinic Department of Ophthalmology, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Purpose: Histoplasmosis is a known complication of systemic immunosuppressive therapy, particularly among patients receiving tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inhibitors. There is limited data on the development of disseminated or pulmonary histoplasmosis among patients receiving systemic immunosuppressive medication for non-infectious ocular inflammation.

Design: Retrospective case series. Read More

J Glaucoma 2018 Oct 8. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Gazi University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: To report a case of panscleritis after gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT).

Methods: We describe the case of a 33-year-old man with a history of unilateral anterior uveitis and glaucoma, who developed panscleritis after GATT surgery.

Results: Uneventful GATT surgery was performed in a glaucomatous left eye. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct;66(10):1467-1468

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Sep 19:1-5. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

a Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution , Waltham , Massachusetts , USA.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical features of patients with ocular inflammatory diseases (OID) who tested positive for atypical perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA).

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients with OID seen at the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute (MERSI) from April 2014 to April 2016.

Results: 813 patients were tested for ANCA with 34 patients (4%) being positive for atypical P-ANCA. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Nov;29(6):588-603

The Department of Ophthalmology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco.

Purpose Of Review: Nearly one-half of all uveitis cases seen at tertiary referral centers have no identifiable cause. Many systemic, paraocular, intraocular, topical medications, and even vaccines can induce intraocular inflammation, scleritis, and rarely orbititis and are often overlooked as causes of uveitis. This review was undertaken to elucidate the strength of association of these medications with uveitis and to make clinicians aware of these associations, especially among newer medications. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 13;30(3):268-272. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Purpose: To report a case of prolonged conjunctivitis as the manifestation of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).

Methods: A 37-year-old man presented with prolonged conjunctivitis which had persisted for one month. He was taking medication for his conjunctivitis without any response. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Dec 29;12:45-48. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the usefulness of B-scan ocular ultrasound images for the diagnosis of optic perineuritis.

Observations: A 72-year-old woman developed nonpainful blurred vision in her left eye. At the first ophthalmological consultation, she had optic disc swelling and choroidal folds in both eyes and subretinal fluid in the left eye. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Aug 27:1-3. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

a Medical and Vision Research Foundations , Sankara Nethralaya , Chennai , India.

Purpose: To describe a case of presumed tuberculous sclerokeratitis which presented with anterior uveitis and hypopyon Methods: A retrospective chart review Results: A 23-year-old female presented with nodular scleritis, peripheral corneal opacities, and severe anterior chamber reaction with hypopyon. Her Mantoux test and interferon gamma release assay were positive and high-resolution computerized tomography of chest revealed right hilar lymphadenopathy. Aqueous aspirate from anterior chamber paracentesis of her right eye was negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2018 Aug 13;53(4):349-353. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; University of Ottawa Eye Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.

Objective: To assess corticosteroid-sparing and inflammation control in patients with noninfectious scleritis treated with methotrexate.

Design: Retrospective review.

Participants: Patients who received methotrexate treatment for noninfectious scleritis and who had 12 months of follow-up after treatment initiation were included in this review. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2018 May-Jun;7(3):538-541

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, CMC, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Data of musculoskeletal manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are limited to case reports, series, or retrospective studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to create awareness among doctors about musculoskeletal manifestations of TB.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a referral TB Hospital in North India in September and October 2016. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Aug 13;8(1):12071. Epub 2018 Aug 13.

Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, Australia.

Recent reports from different world regions suggest ocular syphilis is re-emerging, in parallel with an increasing incidence of the systemic infection globally. We conducted a large observational study of 127 persons consecutively treated for ocular syphilis at public medical centers in Brazil over a 2.5-year period ending July 2015. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(32):e11875

Rationale: Dengue fever is a notable emerging infectious disease that is now seen worldwide, with an estimated incidence of approximately 390 million cases per year. Although ocular complications are uncommon among dengue fever-infected patients, caution is needed to prevent vision loss. Here we report a potentially serious sight-threatening complication of dengue fever, dengue fever-associated necrotizing scleritis. Read More

Lupus 2018 Oct 9;27(12):1985-1988. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

2 Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Systemic autoimmune diseases are associated with ocular inflammatory conditions such as episcleritis, scleritis, keratitis, and uveitis. However, ocular manifestations have been reported to correlate with the extent of systemic disease. We present a patient with scleritis, keratitis, and orbital cellulitis, as the isolated manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Read More

Eur J Rheumatol 2018 Sep 22;5(3):165-168. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Rheumatology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Objective: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin condition that can cause profound morbidity. Patients can present with recurrent nodules, sinus tract formation, abscesses, and/or scarring, mainly affecting the intertriginous areas. Case reports have documented the coexistence of HS and inflammatory eye disease (IED). Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Sep 1;11:28-31. Epub 2018 May 1.

Texan Eye, 1700 S Mopac, Austin, TX, USA.

Purpose: To report the first case of infectious surgically-induced necrotizing scleritis following strabismus surgery which was treated successfully with a tectonic corneal graft.

Observations: We report a case of surgically-induced necrotizing scleritis after strabismus surgery in a 61-year-old gentleman with gout and a subconjunctival abscess. Surgical drainage of the subconjunctival abscess led to a diagnosis of scleral melt which was subsequently treated with a tectonic corneal graft along with aggressive medical management. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct 24;194:72-81. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report cases of necrotizing scleritis, a sight-threatening complication that can result from cosmetic conjunctivectomy procedures.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients who underwent eye-whitening conjunctivectomy with mitoycin C (MMC) treatment performed by 1 surgeon in South Korea and were referred to the authors' clinic between January 2011 and December 2015 were reviewed. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Sep 20;11:3-5. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, 634-8522 Nara, Japan.

Purpose: Relapsing polychondritis is a rare multiorgan disease characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation and deterioration of cartilages. We report a case of relapsing polychondritis that presented with severe panuveitis.

Observations: A 53-year-old man visited our hospital because of ocular pain in both eyes of 2 weeks' duration. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2018 Jul 24. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1113-1114

Uveitis Services, Aravind Eye Hospital, Puducherry, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1109-1112

Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the clinical profile of patients with posterior scleritis at a tertiary eye center in Eastern India.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective case series of patients who were diagnosed as posterior scleritis between January 2010 and December 2014, with a follow-up period of at least 6 months.

Results: The study included 18 patients of posterior scleritis with a mean age of 41. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 08;66(8):1084-1087

R.S. Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to report the occurrence of contamination/replacement of ophthalmic eye drops with liquids of acidic nature in patients treated for nonresponding scleritis.

Methods: This was a retrospective interventional case series study.

Results: Of the three patients (4 eyes) referred as necrotizing scleritis, two were found to have acid as the content in the bottle/s being used as eye drops, confirmed using biochemical tests. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2018 Jun 30;30:50-53. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nuevo Leon, Medicine School and University Hospital, Mexico.

The Cogan's syndrome (CS) is a very uncommon inflammatory condition that appears in young adults without a gender predisposition. It can be presented as typical, with interstitial non-syphilitic keratitis and Ménière-like audiovestibular manifestations. An atypical form of CS involves uveitis, scleritis, episcleritis, and systemic vascuitis symptoms. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018 May-Aug;9(2):315-321. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Background: Ocular basidiobolomycosis is an unusual infection caused by fungus of the order Entomophthorales. This fungus has been previously reported as a common cause of skin, subcutaneous, and gastrointestinal tract infection. The fungus isolation and its typical characteristics are clues for diagnosis of this uncommon pathogen. Read More

PLoS One 2018 10;13(7):e0200363. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in South Korea is increasing. Although extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are an important factor in the clinical outcomes of IBD patients, EIMs have not yet been investigated in Korea. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of EIMs in Korean IBD patients. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2018 Jun 11;5(6):ofy140. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, North Carolina.

Scleritis is an inflammatory process involving the outer coating of the globe which is characterized by focal or diffuse hyperemia, moderate to severe pain, and frequent impairment of vision. Most cases of scleritis are autoimmune in nature and are managed with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. Infectious scleritis is a less common entity, occurring in 5%-10% of cases, and requiring directed antimicrobial therapy. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2018 Jun 28:1-7. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

a Ophthalmology Department, Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia.

Purpose: To examine the spectrum of scleritis in four tertiary institutions across the Asia-Pacific.

Methods: Clinical records from 354 patients were reviewed from centers in Australia, Singapore, and India, excluding those with insufficient data (n = 24).

Results: Indian patients presented younger (41. Read More

Z Rheumatol 2018 Jun 20. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess disease characteristics, autoantibodies, and disease activity in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients with ocular manifestations.

Methods: The cohort included 46 GPA patients visiting the ophthalmology clinic. Ocular manifestations were recorded, clinical and slit lamp examinations were performed. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 19;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Department of Rheumatology, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, United Kingdom.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) coexisting with Cogan's syndrome (CS) is uncommon, although cutaneous manifestations are known to develop in CS. A middle-aged white female patient had chronic relapsing PG requiring ciclosporin and prednisolone. Despite receiving optimal doses of ciclosporin and prednisolone, she developed acute vestibulo-auditory symptoms as a result of CS. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2018 Jun 13;41(6):e277-e280. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Service d'ophtalmologie, CHR d'Orléans, 14, avenue de l'hôpital, 45100 Orléans, France.

Neurol Sci 2018 Jun;39(Suppl 1):25-31

Neuro-ophthalmology and Ocular Electrophysiology Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute Capitanio Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Foundation, Via Mercalli, 28, 20122, Milan, Italy.

Pain occurs with optic neuropathies associated with inflammatory central nervous system diseases (MS and NMO), idiopathic intracranial hypertension and spontaneous hypotension, giant cell arteritis, immunomediated systemic diseases, compressive lesions, or infective disorders. Pain can precede the onset of visual loss in acute optic neuritis, it can be irradiated to the orbital region in giant cell arteritis and parasellar compressive optic neuropathies, or it may be located to the back of the eye with posterior scleritis. History of symptoms together with complete neuro-ophthalmological examination must guide the differential diagnosis and neuroimaging. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 4;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Infectious Diseases, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.

We report a case of Cogan's syndrome presenting as fever of unknown origin in a 31-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with a 7-week history of fever, night sweats and other constitutional symptoms. The diagnosis remained elusive despite numerous investigations, and the patient subsequently developed rash, episcleritis, dizziness and sensorineural hearing loss. While initially thought to be a postinflammatory response to a previous infection, confirmation of the rash as a vasculitis together with the audiovestibular and ocular involvement led to a clinical diagnosis of Cogan's syndrome. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Sep 30;256(9):1751-1756. Epub 2018 May 30.

Institute of Eye Diseases, Rossolimo 11A,B, Moscow, Russia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to distinguish different forms of orbital involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and to compare their clinical course and outcomes.

Methods: Two hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with GPA were retrospectively studied. All patients fulfilled the classification criteria of American College of Rheumatology; diagnosis of localized GPA was established according to Chapel Hill Consensus. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2018 May 30;18(1):129. Epub 2018 May 30.

Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Japan.

Background: Scleritis and/or uveitis sometimes accompanies patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. However, few studies have reported scleritis and/or uveitis accompanying a fundus elevated lesion, such as an intraocular tumor. In this study, we report a case of rheumatoid uveitis associated with an intraocular elevated lesion. Read More

Jpn J Ophthalmol 2018 Jul 23;62(4):517-524. Epub 2018 May 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with scleritis STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study METHODS: The clinical records of 123 patients with scleritis, who presented to the University of Tokyo Hospital between January, 2004 and December, 2015, were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The cohort comprised 55 men and 68 women (mean age, 57.8±16. Read More

Cornea 2018 Sep;37(9):1175-1177

Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.

Purpose: To report a case of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) secondary to diffuse non-necrotizing anterior scleritis (DNNAS).

Method: Interventional case report with clinicopathologic correlation. A 69-year-old white woman with known Crohn disease presented with DNNAS. Read More

Cornea 2018 Aug;37(8):1067-1070

Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.

Purpose: To report a case of corneal neovascularization misdiagnosed as total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Methods: This is a case report of a 61-year-old woman who has a history of bilateral idiopathic scleritis, keratitis, and uveitis for more than 20 years. She was diagnosed with total LSCD in her left eye based on clinical presentation alone and was confirmed as a candidate for limbal transplantation at several major tertiary eye care centers in the United States. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Jun 19;10:288-289. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.

Purpose: To report management of inadvertent needle penetration during subtenons triamcinolone acetonide administration resulting in retinal detachment.

Observations: A 71-year-old female with history of diabetes, hypothyroidism, and mild myopia underwent subtenons triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection in the right eye for nodular scleritis. There was unexpected patient movement concurrent with the injection resulting in needle penetration, subretinal and intravitreal injection of TA, superotemporal retinal break, and macula-involving retinal detachment. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Jun 31;10:48-50. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, USA.

Purpose: Acanthamoeba is a protozoa that can lead to severe ocular disease and sequelae. Although intraocular Acanthamoeba infection is rare, the following case demonstrates an unusual presentation of recurrent Acanthamoeba infection in a 30 year old contact lens wearing male.

Observations: After presenting with recurrent Acanthamoeba keratitis and undergoing various treatments, the patient developed nodular scleritis, which evolved into panophthalmitis, and ultimately, required enucleation. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2018 Jun 10;10:1-5. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Hospital São Paulo. 821, Botucatu Street, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Purpose: To report a case of nocardial scleritis and to propose a logical treatment algorithm based on a literature review.

Observations: It is important to suspect a nocardial infection when evaluating anterior unilateral scleritis accompanied by multiple purulent or necrotic abscesses, especially in male patients with a history of chronic ocular pain and redness, trauma inflicted by organic materials, or recent ophthalmic surgery. A microbiological investigation is essential. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 14;2018. Epub 2018 May 14.

Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Ocular manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome typically include thromboembolic and neuro-ophthalmic complications. In this report we present a case of inflammation of the ocular coats in a patient diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome 16 years prior. We discuss management of the case and the possible aetiology of the rare association. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018 Jan-Feb;36 Suppl 110(1):44-53. Epub 2018 May 3.

Research Centre of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy.

Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are rare entities characterised by improper activation of the innate immune system. This in turn determines recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation characterised by fever, which is variously combined with a wide range of inflammatory manifestations involving the skin, joints, serous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. As shown by research efforts conducted during the last decade, the eye is not exempt from the systemic inflammatory process and may be involved in almost all of the most frequent AIDs, with several distinct peculiarities. Read More

Saudi Med J 2018 May;39(5):514-518

Department of Ophthalmology, Collage of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.

We report a case of atypical posterior scleritis mimicking amelanotic choroidal melanoma. A 30-year-old healthy Filipino man, with a history of painless subacute loss of vision in his left eye over 5 months, was referred to our institute for further workup and management. On examination, visual acuity of the left eye was 20/200. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2018 Apr-Jun;13(2):203-206

Feiz Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Purpose: To report the simultaneous presentation of three ocular manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in one eye.

Case Report: A 42-year-old man with a confirmed diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis was referred to the emergency room with sudden blurred vision. Eye examination showed hyperemic conjunctiva due to necrotizing scleritis in the superior nasal quadrant of the left eye, a mass in the left superior lid, as well as central retinal artery occlusion in the same eye. Read More