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PLoS Pathog 2019 Apr 22;15(4):e1007741. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Abt. Mikrobiologie, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.

Intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) deploy the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2-encoded type III secretion system (SPI2-T3SS) for the massive remodeling of the endosomal system for host cells. This activity results in formation of an extensive interconnected tubular network of Salmonella-induced filaments (SIFs) connected to the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). Such network is absent in cells infected with SPI2-T3SS-deficient mutant strains such as ΔssaV. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 Apr 22;15(4):e1007745. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.

The mechanisms by which the gut luminal environment is disturbed by the immune system to foster pathogenic bacterial growth and survival remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that STAT2 dependent type I IFN signaling contributes to the inflammatory environment by disrupting hypoxia enabling the pathogenic S. Typhimurium to outgrow the microbiota. Read More

Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

2 Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA-ARS, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, Georgia.

Eggs are a healthy and nutritious food source, but may be contaminated by bacteria. Previous studies have reported the presence of staphylococci in eggs of farmed chickens, but no study has evaluated the staphylococcal population of eggs from household chickens. In this study, staphylococci from eggs ( = 275) of household chickens collected from November 2016 to March 2017 from different villages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, were characterized. Read More

Cell Host Microbe 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:

The microbiota and the gastrointestinal mucus layer play a pivotal role in protection against non-typhoidal Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) colitis. Here, we analyzed the course of Salmonella colitis in mice lacking a functional mucus layer in the gut. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2019 Apr 20. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) inhabits a wide range of hosts, including poultry, and causes acute gastroenteritis in humans that may result in death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme present in nearly all living cells exposed to oxygen. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Addlestone, UK.

Aminoglycosides (AGs) are important antibacterial agents for the treatment of various infections in humans and animals. Following extensive use of AGs in humans, food-producing animals and companion animals, acquired resistance among human and animal pathogens and commensal bacteria has emerged. Acquired resistance occurs through several mechanisms, but enzymatic inactivation of AGs is the most common one. Read More

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.

Salmonella is an important zoonotic pathogen and is a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. The current serious problem of antibiotic abuse has prompted the search for new substitutes for antibiotics. JH-3 is a small antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity. Read More

Front Genet 2019 3;10:276. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Aginome-XMU Joint Lab, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

In the last few years, advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for whole genome sequencing (WGS) of foodborne pathogens have provided drastic improvements in food pathogen outbreak surveillance. WGS of foodborne pathogen enables identification of pathogens from food or environmental samples, including difficult-to-detect pathogens in culture-negative infections. Compared to traditional low-resolution methods such as the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), WGS provides advantages to differentiate even closely related strains of the same species, thus enables rapid identification of food-source associated with pathogen outbreak events for a fast mitigation plan. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 2;10:643. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Ecosystems and Immunity team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.

Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) comprise dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (Mφs) that play different roles in response to infection. After phagocytosis, DCs expressing CD103 transport from the intestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and induce adaptive immune responses whereas resident Mφs expressing CX3CR1 capture bacteria in the lumen and reside in the (LP) where they induce a local immune response. CX3CR1 Mφs are generated from Ly6C monocytes that enter the colonic mucosa and differentiate locally. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 2;10:590. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT) is a circulating anti-inflammatory serine-protease inhibitor that rises during acute phase responses. , hAAT reduces bacterial load, without directly inhibiting bacterial growth. In conditions of excess nitric-oxide (NO), hAAT undergoes S-nitrosylation (S-NO-hAAT) and gains antibacterial capacity. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Apr 18;19(1):330. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Background: Invasive Salmonella infections result in significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In Asia, typhoid and paratyphoid fever are reported to be the major invasive Salmonella infections, while invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections are believed to be uncommon. Data from Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo, are limited. Read More

Pol J Vet Sci 2019 Mar;22(1):5-10

Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.

The number of human cases of salmonellosis in the EU was 94,625 in 2015. Considering the source of these infections, Salmonella spp. was most frequently detected in broiler chicken meat and Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) was the most commonly reported serovar. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2019 Feb;11(1):31-38

Enteric Diseases Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

Background And Objectives: Non-typhoidal Salmonellosis, a zoonotic infection associated with acute gastroenteritis is caused by non-typhoidal salmonellae (NTS). The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of NTS serovars and their antimicrobial resistance along with the presence of the virulence gene ( gene) in poultry samples.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Enteric Diseases Division, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, South India from January 2016- December 2017. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 17;9(1):6203. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States.

Bacteremia is a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa where childhood mortality rates are the highest in the world. The early diagnosis of bacteremia and initiation of treatment saves lives, especially in high-disease burden areas. However, diagnosing bacteremia is challenging for clinicians, especially in children presenting with co-infections such as malaria and HIV. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027;

Synthetic biology is transforming therapeutic paradigms by engineering living cells and microbes to intelligently sense and respond to diseases including inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders, and cancer. However, the ability to rapidly engineer new therapies far outpaces the throughput of animal-based testing regimes, creating a major bottleneck for clinical translation. In vitro approaches to address this challenge have been limited in scalability and broad applicability. Read More

mSphere 2019 Apr 17;4(2). Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

is a common Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The development of a broadly protective vaccine against remains a major challenge. Here, we used an attenuated strain of serovar Typhimurium as a vehicle to express antigens. Read More

Poult Sci 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China.

The worsening problem of antibiotic resistance prompts the need for alternative strategies that do not directly target bacteria. Virulent Salmonella pullorum strains can invade macrophages and lead to a systemic infection. Saikosaponin A (SSa), a bioactive saponin isolated from Radix bupleuri, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cholesterol regulatory activity. Read More

Pathog Immun 2018 29;3(1):72-81. Epub 2018 May 29.

Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Background: and spp. are 2 of the most frequent and deadly enteric bacterial pathogens recorded worldwide. In developing countries infections are responsible for many deaths annually and these mortality rates are prone to increase due to the emergence of resistance to antibiotics. Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2019 28;14:2219-2232. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici, Naples, Italy,

Purpose: The use of bacteriophages represents a valid alternative to conventional antimicrobial treatments, overcoming the widespread bacterial antibiotic resistance phenomenon. In this work, we evaluated whether biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals are able to enhance some properties of bacteriophages. The final goal of this study was to demonstrate that biomimetic HA nanocrystals can be used for bacteriophage delivery in the context of bacterial infections, and contribute - at the same time - to enhance some of the biological properties of the same bacteriophages such as stability, preservation, antimicrobial activity, and so on. Read More

MBio 2019 Apr 16;10(2). Epub 2019 Apr 16.

School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

We have shown that the ligand-responsive MarR family member SlyA plays an important role in transcription activation of multiple virulence genes in serovar Typhimurium by responding to guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp). Here, we demonstrate that another MarR family member, EmrR, is required for virulence of Typhimurium and another enteric bacterium, EmrR is found to activate transcription of an array of virulence determinants, including pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) genes and several divergent operons, which have been shown to be activated by SlyA and the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system. We studied the regulatory effect of EmrR on one of these genetic loci, i. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2019 Apr 16;12(1):230. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Crop & Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, TF10 8NB, UK.

Objectives: Household ants are regarded as a major household pest and their close association with microorganisms and people means that they may constitute a disease risk. Our study is the first to provide information on the pathogenicity of Monomorium spp. a common insect in Kuwait by quantifying and identifying the exoskeleton bacterial burden. Read More

Equine Vet J 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CICVyA, Instituto de Patobiología, Área de Bacteriología, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Background: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Abortusequi (S. Abortusequi) is a serotype restricted to equines, which produce abortion outbreaks. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1 Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.

Antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) are regarded as emerging environmental pollutants and pose a serious health risk to the human population. Integrons are genetic elements that are involved in the spread of ARGs amongst bacterial species. They also act as reservoirs of these resistance traits, further contributing to the development of multi-drug resistance in several water-borne pathogens. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 15;9(1):6061. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy.

Between 2015 and the beginning of 2018 (January-March), 30 cetaceans were found stranded along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy. Necropsies were performed in 22 cases and infectious diseases resulted the most common cause of death. Three striped dolphins, showed a severe coinfection involving the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-). Read More

Pathogens 2019 Apr 4;8(2). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Laboratory for Food Safety, Université PARIS-EST, ANSES, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.

Derby (. Derby) is emerging in Europe as a predominant serovar in fattening turkey flocks. This serovar was recorded as being predominant in the turkey sector in 2014 in the United Kingdom (UK). Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019 Apr 15;13(4):e0007293. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland.

Non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is considered to be an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa. We studied this in two tertiary hospitals-Al Farwaniya and Al Amiri-in Kuwait, a subtropical country, from April 2013-May 2016. Read More

mSystems 2019 Mar-Apr;4(2). Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Essential to bacterial pathogenesis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( Typhimurium) has evolved the capacity to quickly sense and adapt to specific intracellular environment within distinct host cells. Here we examined Typhimurium proteomic remodeling within macrophages, allowing direct comparison with our previous studies in epithelial cells. In addition to many shared features, our data revealed proteomic signatures highly specific to one type of host cells. Read More

J Lab Physicians 2019 Jan-Mar;11(1):11-16

Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Context: To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of serological evidence of human leptospirosis from Uttarakhand state in India.

Aims: The aim of this study was to screen for serological evidence of leptospirosis in patients with acute undifferentiated febrile illness at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Uttarakhand.

Settings And Design: A pilot study was conducted from March to November 2017. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2019 Apr 10;7(2). Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Omptins represent a family of proteases commonly found in various Gram-negative pathogens. These proteins play an important role in host-pathogen interaction and have been recognized as key virulence factors, highlighting the possibility of developing an omptin-based broad-spectrum vaccine. The prototypical omptin, His-tagged recombinant Pla, was used as a model target antigen. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2019 Apr 10;4(2). Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Microbiology and Pathology, Townsville Hospital, Townsville 4814, Australia.

Salmonellosis is an important cause of morbidity in tropical regions.This study aims to describe the epidemiology of non-typhoidal (NTS) in children presenting to public hospitals in Queensland, Australia, over the past 20 years, with a focus on differences between tropical and sub-tropical zones in the region. This is a retrospective and descriptive cohort study of 8162 NTS positive samples collected in 0-17-year-olds from the Queensland public hospital pathology database (Auslab) over a 20-year period from 1997 to 2016. Read More

J Appl Microbiol 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santiago del Estero 2829, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.

Aim: To determine the protective capacity against Salmonella infection in mice of the cell-free fraction (postbiotic) of fermented milk, produced at laboratory and industrial level.

Methods And Results: The proteolytic activity (PA) of five commercial cultures and eleven autochthonous Lactobacillus strains was evaluated. The DSM-100H culture displayed the highest PA and it was selected for further studies. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Apr 11:1040638719843577. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Departments of Pathobiology (Brochu, Lillie, Susta).

In Ontario, within the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the number of non-commercial poultry flocks (referred to as "small flocks"). Small poultry flocks may act as a reservoir of avian and zoonotic pathogens, given the flocks' limited access to veterinary services, inadequate biosecurity practices, and increased risk of contact with wild birds. Despite these potential risks, there is a scarcity of data concerning the prevalence of poultry and zoonotic pathogens among these flocks. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2019 Apr 11:1040638719843638. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Departments of Biomedical Sciences (Bolfa, Callanan, Ketzis, Marchi, Cheng, Huynh, Lavinder, Boey).

Free-roaming chickens on Caribbean islands are important sentinels for local avian diseases and those introduced by birds migrating through the Americas. We studied 81 apparently healthy unvaccinated free-roaming chickens from 9 parishes on St. Kitts, an eastern Caribbean island. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 26;10:541. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Centre INRA Val de Loire, Nouzilly, France.

Defensins are natural antimicrobial peptides. The avian beta-defensin AvBD7 isolated from the chicken bone marrow possess broad antibacterial spectrum and strong resistance to proteolysis. However, its ability to fight systemic infections of major concern for public health, such as salmonellosis, is unknown. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Alberta Children's Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

: Although enteric multianalyte syndromic panels are increasingly employed, direct comparisons with traditional methods and the inclusion of host phenotype correlations are limited.: 3089 children with gastroenteritis submitted stool, rectal-swab specimens, and clinical data. Primary outcome was bacterial pathogen detection agreement for shared targets between culture and the Luminex xTAG® Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel (GPP). Read More

MBio 2019 Apr 9;10(2). Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

Signal transduction systems dictate various cellular behaviors in response to environmental changes. To operate cellular programs appropriately, organisms have sophisticated regulatory factors to optimize the signal response. The PhoP/PhoQ master virulence regulatory system of the intracellular pathogen is activated inside acidic macrophage phagosomes. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, United States.

Calcium (Ca) is a pivotal intracellular second messenger and calmodulin (CaM) acts as a multifunctional Ca-binding protein that regulates downstream Ca dependent signaling. Together they play an important role in regulating various cellular functions, including gene expression, maturation of phagolysosome, apoptosis, and immune response. Intracellular Ca has been shown to play a critical role in Toll-like receptor-mediated immune response to microbial agonists in the HD11 chicken macrophage cell line. Read More

PLoS Biol 2019 Apr 9;17(4):e3000044. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America.

Many bacterial pathogens hijack macrophages to egress from the port of entry to the lymphatic drainage and/or bloodstream, causing dissemination of life-threatening infections. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that Salmonella infection generates directional electric fields (EFs) in the follicle-associated epithelium of mouse cecum. Read More

Rev Sci Tech 2018 Dec;37(3):1013-1020

The aim of this study was to design and implement a dynamic prevalence map for managing the data collected within the framework of the Salmonella spp. National control plan in broiler flocks, using a data set from the Valencian Community, Spain. Such a map would be a useful tool for veterinarians seeking to define control options. Read More

J Bacteriol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Typhoid fever, a human-specific disease, is primarily caused by the pathogen serovar Typhi ( Typhi). It is estimated that 3-5% of people infected with typhoid fever become chronic carriers. Studies have demonstrated that a mechanism of chronic carriage involves biofilm formation on gallstone surfaces. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 8;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Microbiology, BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

in a breast abscess is uncommon, and paratyphi A causing breast abscess is a rare entity. It has been reported post immunosuppression. We report here a 35-year-old woman with breast abscess caused by paratyphi A without obvious enteric fever-like symptoms. Read More

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Apr 22;63:10-16. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, No. 300, University Rd, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address:

Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Stanley are the most prevalent serogroup B serovars to infect humans in Taiwan. The aim was to determine possible factors to influence the prevalence between S. Read More

Mol Immunol 2019 Apr 5;111:43-52. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico. Electronic address:

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) changes the structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in response to the environment. The two main LPS variants found in S. Read More

J R Soc Interface 2018 Dec;15(149):20180654

1 Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA , USA.

Conversion of natural habitats into urban landscapes can expose wildlife to novel pathogens and alter pathogen transmission pathways. Because transmission is difficult to quantify for many wildlife pathogens, mathematical models paired with field observations can help select among competing transmission pathways that might operate in urban landscapes. Here we develop a mathematical model for the enteric bacteria Salmonella enterica in urban-foraging white ibis ( Eudocimus albus) in south Florida as a case study to determine (i) the relative importance of contact-based versus environmental transmission among ibis and (ii) whether transmission can be supported by ibis alone or requires external sources of infection. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Feb 21. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Most known plasmids are identified by conferring virulence or antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and such characteristics aid in the success of the dispersion of different plasmid types between bacteria from different sources. This study aimed to perform the subtyping of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, detected in Salmonella spp. A total of 34 Salmonella strains non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin were evaluated. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Apr 1;231:76-79. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, USA. Electronic address:

Lawsonia intracellularis is among the most important enteric pathogens of swine and has been shown to be a risk factor for increased Salmonella enterica shedding. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, in addition to being a significant pathogen of swine, also remains one of the most common causes of foodborne illness worldwide. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Apr 6;231:147-153. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

ANSES, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France. Electronic address:

Salmonella serovars Derby, Typhimurium and the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium are the most frequently isolated serovars in pigs in France. To compare the excretion patterns, seroconversion to Salmonella and contamination of the organs of pigs inoculated with strains of all three serovars, we conducted an experimental trial with 28 SPF piglets. Four were used as a negative control, while the other 24 were divided equally into three groups. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Japan.

The susceptibilities of clinical isolates to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobial agents were surveyed to obtain an accurate understanding of trends in incidence and antimicrobial resistance. The samples were collected from across Japan, biennially or triennially, between 1994 and 2016 and a defined level of resistance to fluoroquinolone was determined. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae exhibited stable and high rates of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones over the period examined. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2019 03;7(2)

Institute of Microbiology, D-BIOL ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Bacterial infection results in a dynamic interplay between the pathogen and its host. The underlying interactions are multilayered, and the cellular responses are modulated by the local environment. The intestine is a particularly interesting tissue regarding host-pathogen interaction. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2019 03;7(2)

Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Systemic infections are a major cause of mortality worldwide and are becoming increasingly untreatable. Recent single-cell data from a mouse model of typhoid fever show that the host immune system actually eradicates many cells, while other organisms thrive at the same time in the same tissue, causing lethal disease progression. The surviving cells have highly heterogeneous metabolism, growth rates, and exposure to various stresses. Read More