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Lakartidningen 2020 Apr 20;117. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

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We performed a retrospective observational study to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of rigid sigmoidoscopy (RS) in patients with rectal cancer (n=279). Fifty-six percent of the patients had performed an RS within three months before diagnosis and mostly by a primary care provider (93%). In 21% of the patients the physician determined that the examination was normal, in 50% a rectal tumor was suspected and in 29% of cases an unspecific pathology (e. Read More

Injury 2020 May 24;51(5):1238-1241. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Surgery, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa. Electronic address:

Introduction: The management of rectal trauma remains controversial. There are three modalities which have been used to manage these injuries; proximal diversion (PD), washout of the distal rectum (DRW) and presacral drainage (PSD). The EAST group tentatively advocate mandatory proximal diversion for extraperitoneal rectal injuries and omitting DRW or PSD. Read More

Am Surg 2019 Nov;85(11):e541-e543

N Z Med J 2019 04 12;132(1493):38-43. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Head of Department in General Surgery, Consultant General Surgeon, Department of General Surgery, Taranaki Base Hospital, New Plymouth.

Aim: At our institution there has been a long-standing early operative approach to large bowel volvulus as well as initial decompression with rigid sigmoidoscopy. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of this approach on reducing readmissions and complications. Secondary aims were to investigate the safety and efficacy of bedside rigid sigmoidoscopy in decompression of sigmoid volvulus and investigate the sensitivity of abdominal x-ray in the diagnosis of acute large bowel volvulus. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2018 Oct;6(12):554-558

Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, South Korea.

Linitis plastica is a rare condition showing circumferentially infiltrating intramural anaplastic carcinoma in a hollow viscus, resulting in a tissue thickening of the involved organ as constricted, inelastic, and rigid. While most secondary rectal linitis plastica (RLP) is caused by metastasis from stomach, breast, gallbladder, or bladder cancer, we report an extremely rare and unique case of secondary RLP due to prostate cancer with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, including diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). A 78-year-old man presented with approximately a 2-mo history of constipation and without cancer history. Read More

J Int AIDS Soc 2018 10;21(10):e25199

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Introduction: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is highly effective in preventing HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The effects of consistent personal lubricant use in the rectum on tissue PrEP drug concentrations and the rectal microbiota are unknown. We investigated rectal PrEP drug concentrations and the microbiota in MSM before and after repeated rectal application of a hyperosmolar lubricant. Read More

Eur J Surg Oncol 2019 03 9;45(3):324-330. Epub 2018 Oct 9.

Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

Introduction: In measuring tumor height for rectal cancer, rigid sigmoidoscopy (RS) is a standard modality, and the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in patients with/without preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of MRI for measuring tumor height.

Materials And Methods: Among rectal cancer patients seen between July 2006 and May 2012, the initial group (RS and MRI available at initial diagnosis) and the post-CRT group (RS and MRI available after the completion of preoperative CRT) were selected. Read More

Colorectal Dis 2018 10 14;20(10):923-930. Epub 2018 May 14.

Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Third Surgical Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for anastomotic stenosis in patients operated on for diverticular disease. Histological inflammation and diverticula at the resection margins were also considered.

Method: Patients' characteristics, the surgical technique and postoperative complications were collected from the medical records. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2019 Feb 22;188(1):119-124. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre of Learning and Development, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin 24, Ireland.

Aims: Evaluation of the role and impact of introducing a dedicated coloproctology procedure clinic in tertiary referral colorectal unit.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 126 consecutive patients managed in the coloproctology clinic between March2015 and September 2016 was carried out. All patients were preselected for attendance based on symptom-based protocol. Read More

Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2018 Jan 19;31(1):24-29. Epub 2017 Dec 19.

Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

With increased use of explosive devices in warfare, anal trauma is often seen coupled with more complex pelviperineal injury. While the associated mortality is high, casualties that survive are often left with disabling fecal incontinence from damage to the anosphincteric complex. After resolution of the acute insult, the initial evaluation mandates a thorough physical exam, including endoscopic evaluation with rigid proctoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as adjunctive testing, specifically anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Aug;20(8):852-856

Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is currently the only one-port system in endoscopic surgery, which a direct endoluminal approach can lead to the target organ through a natural opening of human body. TEM has been applied in colorectal surgery for over 3 decades. Compared with radical surgery, TEM has the advantages, such as quicker recovery, shorter hospital stay and fewer complications. Read More

World J Gastrointest Surg 2016 Oct;8(10):679-684

Abraham A Ayantunde, Zynep Unluer, Department of Surgery, Southend University Hospital, Westcliff-on-Sea SS0 0BY, United Kingdom.

Aim: To highlight the rising trend in hospital presentation of foreign bodies retained in the rectum over a 5-year period.

Methods: Retrospective review of the cases of retained rectal foreign bodies between 2008 and 2012 was performed. Patients' clinical data and yearly case presentation with data relating to hospital episodes were collected. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 Sep;95(37):e4638

aDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital bDepartment of Surgery, College of Medicine cDivision of General Surgery, Department of Surgery dCancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital eGraduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery fDepartment of General Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University gDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital hInstitute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University iDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital jDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei kDepartment of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.

To investigate the outcomes of the selective neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in lower 3rd rectal cancer patients in different groups (with or without neoadjuvant CCRT), especially in survival rate, local recurrence rate, and sphincter preservation rate.From January 1999 to December 2012, 69 consecutive patients who had histologically proven adenocarcinoma of lower 3rd rectum, defined preoperatively as lower tumor margin within 7 cm from the anal verge as measured by rigid sigmoidoscopy, received total mesorectum excision (TME). Our inclusion criteria of neoadjuvant CCRT are lower 3rd rectal cancer, stage II/III, and large (diameter >5 cm or >1/2 of circumference). Read More

Intest Res 2016 Jul 27;14(3):285-8. Epub 2016 Jun 27.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.

Endoscopic treatments have emerged as an alternative to surgery, in the treatment of benign colorectal stricture. Unlike endoscopic balloon dilatation, there is limited data on endoscopic electrocautery incision therapy for benign colorectal stricture, especially with regards to safety and long-term patency. We present a case of a 29-year-old female with Crohn's disease who had difficulty in defecation and passing thin stools. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jun 20;2016. Epub 2016 Jun 20.

Department of Trauma Services, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, USA.

We report a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with progressively increasing intensity of lower abdominal, pelvic and rectal pain of 3-day duration. She had similar symptoms intermittently over the preceding 2 years. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed the presence of a 3. Read More

J Hosp Infect 2016 May 10;93(1):112-3. Epub 2016 Feb 10.

Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK.

Acta Chir Belg 2014 Nov-Dec;114(6):364-9

Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Rigid proctosigmoidoscopy is recommended for measuring the height of rectal neoplasms but appears to be performed in only a minority of patients. Our aim was to compare endoscopic and radiological measurement of rectal tumour location with a focus on differentiation between mid and high rectal cancer.

Methods: Medical records of 66 rectal cancer patients were reviewed. Read More

BMC Health Serv Res 2015 Feb 1;15:51. Epub 2015 Feb 1.

Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Because of the increased life-expectancy of persons with HIV, the need for age-appropriate colorectal cancer screening among these patients will increase. We examined rates of colorectal cancer screening among HIV-infected men aged 50 to 65 years.

Methods: We used Ontario's administrative databases to identify all men between the ages of 50 and 65 years who were alive on April 1, 2007, and identified HIV-infected men using a validated case-finding algorithm. Read More

Colorectal Dis 2013 Jul;15(7):836-41

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Aim: The diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is traditionally the realm of gastroenterologists. However, the symptoms of UC overlap with those of bowel cancer and patients may be initially referred to colorectal surgery clinics. The aims of this study were to define which specialty most frequently diagnoses UC and to determine if there were differences in management between the two specialities. Read More

Surg Innov 2013 Aug 11;20(4):411-3. Epub 2012 Oct 11.

Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.

The rigid sigmoidoscope is an important tool in a surgeon's armamentarium, yet it has remained essentially unchanged despite poor imaging and the inability to project or record the images. Herein we report our initial experience with a novel introducer built from readily available operating room supplies and designed to convert any standard laparoscope into a high-definition rigid sigmoidoscope. Read More

J Emerg Trauma Shock 2012 Apr;5(2):188-9

Department of Surgery, Central Gippsland Health Service, Sale, Victoria, Australia.

The manuscript deals with the case of a 53-year-old woman who developed large bowel obstruction. Per-rectal examination revealed a pedunculated lesion in the rectum; rigid sigmoidoscopy revealed a prolapsing pedunculated mass with a necrotic surface. The patient recovered well following anterior resection. Read More

J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2012 Jun 30;22(5):479-87. Epub 2012 Mar 30.

Letterkenny General Hospital, Letterkenny, County Donegal, Ireland.

Aim: Rigid sigmoidoscopy is sometimes performed at first presentation in colorectal clinics. We assessed the feasibility of flexible sigmoidoscopy in similar situations by comparing it with rigid sigmoidoscopy as a first investigative tool.

Methods: The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing the usefulness of rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Read More

Acta Chir Belg 2012 Jan;112(1):24-32

Dept. of Surgery and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.

Introduction: Up to 30-50% of patients who undergo radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) develop tumor relapse. The aim of this study was to assess various surveillance protocols utilized in a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy.

Methods: Data concerning 373 consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC between 1990 and 2006 and whose data had been entered into a prospective database were considered eligible for this study. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011 May;93(4):327

Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, UK.

Colorectal Dis 2011 Aug;13(8):e212-5

Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK.

Aim: It has been recommended that patients with suspected colorectal cancer should proceed straight to an endoscopic test to increase speed of diagnosis, using only the information in the general practitioner's referral letter. This study aims to establish whether the diagnostic accuracy of the first surgical outpatient assessment is significantly greater than the general practitioner's assessment and if so by what means.

Method: Demographic variables, symptoms and signs were collected from the first surgical outpatient assessment letters and the general practitioners' referral letters in 2-week-wait colorectal cancer referrals made between 2002 and 2005. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2010 Oct 16;80(10):728-31. Epub 2010 Aug 16.

Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Health Malvern, Victoria, Australia.

Background: To provide outcome data relating to cleaning of rigid sigmoidoscopy equipment comparing commonly used techniques, allowing a framework for general guidelines for use in clinical practice.

Methods: A total of 104 rigid sigmoidoscopies were performed in the rooms of two colorectal surgeons using standard techniques. A three-way randomization was performed adopting the following variables: enzymatic washing versus steam sterilization of the light head, disposable versus reusable bellows and use with versus without an air filter. Read More

J Surg Educ 2010 Mar-Apr;67(2):95-8

Department of Surgery, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey 07740, USA.

Objective: Attempts at improvements in emergent bedside care of hospitalized patients is an ongoing process in many institutions. Recently, the development and role of rapid response teams has been well described in the literature. However, the role of surgical residents, who are typically not part of these "medical" teams, in emergent bedside care of patients, has not been well described in the literature. Read More

J Minim Access Surg 2010 Jan;6(1):6-10

Department of Surgery, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, Hampshire SO22 5DG, UK.

Aims: A prospective clinical audit of all patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery with the intention of primary colonic left-sided intracorporeal stapled anastomosis to identify the rate of anastomotic leaks on an intention to treat basis with or without defunctioning stoma.

Materials And Methods: All patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery resulting in left-sided stapled anastomosis were included with no selection criteria applied. All operations were conducted by the same surgical team and the same preparation and intraoperative methods were used. Read More

Am Surg 2009 Nov;75(11):1069-72

Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.

Penetrating pelvic injuries (specifically rectal) pose a difficult diagnostic challenge. Although management of these injuries, once recognized, can be straightforward, the consequences of a missed injury can be devastating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of digital rectal examination (DRE) and rigid sigmoidoscopy (RS) as screening tests for penetrating rectal injuries. Read More

Am Surg 2009 Oct;75(10):941-4

Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA.

The integrity of a low pelvic anastomosis is often studied radiographically before takedown of a diverting ileostomy. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of routine water-soluble enema studies (WSE) in our patient population with low pelvic anastomosis. We retrospectively reviewed the operative database for a county teaching hospital from 1998 to 2008. Read More

Colorectal Dis 2010 Mar 22;12(3):268. Epub 2009 Oct 22.

Eur J Surg Oncol 2009 Nov 26;35(11):1169-73. Epub 2009 Feb 26.

Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway.

Purpose: 1) To analyse for interchangeability of rigid sigmoidoscopy and MRI in determining the distance from anus to tumour, and to determine if anterior/posterior location influences this difference. 2) To analyse the effect of preoperative chemo-radiotherapy on the distance from anus to tumour.

Methods: Retrospective investigation of endoscopy reports and MRI series of 144 consecutive patients operated for rectal cancer. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2009 4;2009. Epub 2009 Jun 4.

King's Mill Hospital, Mansfield Road, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire NG17 4JL, UK.

A 66-year-old woman presented with 3-month history of progressive constipation and occasional bright red per-rectal bleeding. An urgent flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) showed an abnormal lesion within the anal canal and biopsy showed tubulovillous adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. She mentioned "no" response to a preparatory enema given before FS. Read More

Am J Surg 2008 Dec;196(6):904-8; discussion 908

Department of Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson St., Torrance, CA 90509, USA.

Background: Colonoscopic localization of rectal and rectosigmoid tumors may be inaccurate. Rigid proctosigmoidoscopy has been suggested as an adjunctive technique to accurately localize rectal tumors as it may alter treatment options.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with rectal and rectosigmoid cancer from 2001 to 2006. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2008 Nov;14(42):6536-40

Department of Internal Medicine, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Kamali Street, South Kargar Ave., Tehran, 1333631151, Iran.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of clinically significant lesions in patients with minimal bright red bleeding per rectum (BRBPR).

Methods: Consecutive outpatients prospectively underwent colonoscopy at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran. Minimal BRBPR was defined as small amounts of red blood after wiping or in the toilet bowl. Read More

Ghana Med J 2008 Mar;42(1):33-7

Department of Surgery University of Ghana Medical School P. O. Box 4326, Accra.

Summary Background: Colorectal endoscopy is the gold standard investigation of the large bowel in patients with rectal bleeding and is employed as a means of secondary prevention of colorectal cancer.

Aim: To determine the frequency of benign lesions and carcinomas in patients who underwent colorectal endoscopy because of rectal bleeding and to evaluate the role of endoscopy in secondary prevention of colorectal carcinoma in our centre.

Method: A retrospective study was undertaken on patients who underwent colorectal endoscopy between January 1995 and December 2000 for rectal bleeding. Read More

J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008 Apr;52(2):161-3

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Circumferential rectal cancers present at a more advanced stage than those located in a single quadrant. Although accurate staging is an important aspect of the preoperative management of the patient with a rectal cancer, the clinical and radiological staging of this subgroup of rectal cancer patients has been poorly studied. All patients with a rectal cancer were assessed clinically (by digital rectal examination and rigid sigmoidoscopy) before the radiological assessment by endorectal ultrasound (ERUS). Read More

Colorectal Dis 2007 Sep;9(7):606-8

Department of Cellular Pathology, Preston Hall Hospital, Maidstone, Kent, UK.

Rectal cancers are currently defined as tumours below 15 cm from the anal verge on rigid sigmoidoscopy. Clinical trials have used this criterion to select patients for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, but several authors have shown that the distance between the fully peritonealized sigmoid colon and the anal canal varies significantly between individuals. A fixed anatomical landmark would be a more reliable and reproducible method of demarcating the junction between the colon and the rectum. Read More

Acta Med Port 2007 Jan-Feb;20(1):87-92. Epub 2007 May 23.

Centro de Saúde do Lumiar, Lisboa, Portugal.

Introduction: The authors describe a clinical case of infective endocarditis after a transrectal proceeding. Following that some questions were made: Which are the updated guidelines? Which are the risk proceedings?

The Case: A 55-year-old man, with aortic/pulmonary vavuloplasties and haemorrhoids developed an infectious endocarditis, by Streptococcus Viridans, after a rigid proctosigmoidoscopy. Following the endocarditis the patient suffered a pleuritis and pneumonia, those health problems justified 7 months in hospital. Read More

Dis Colon Rectum 2007 Apr;50(4):489-97

Department of General Surgery, Atatürk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.

Purpose: This study was designed to review the outcomes of emergent treatment of sigmoid colon volvulus.

Methods: The records of 827 patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: The mean age was 57. Read More

Int Surg 2006 Sep-Oct;91(5):288-90

Department of Colorectal Surgery, Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, United Kingdom.

Among most patients attending a rectal clinic, rectal bleeding is a common presenting feature. In most patients, the cause is attributed to a benign lesion. In a small percentage, the cause is neoplastic, and for this reason, rectal bleeding merits further study. Read More

Br J Surg 2006 Dec;93(12):1519-25

Karolinska Institute Divisions of Surgery at Danderyd Hospital, Sweden.

Background: Preoperative radiotherapy improves local control and survival in rectal cancer, but there are few reports on long-term morbidity. The aims of this study were to compare long-term morbidity and quality of life in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery with or without preoperative radiotherapy.

Methods: A total of 252 patients, randomized within the two Stockholm trials on preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer, were alive at a mean of 15 years after surgery. Read More

Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2006 Oct;18(8):594-9

Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Aims: A retrospective audit was carried out to determine the rate of local recurrence (recurrent tumour within the lesser pelvis or the perineal wound) in 88 rectal cancer patients treated with 20 Gy/four fractions of adjuvant preoperative radiotherapy and curative surgery.

Materials And Methods: All patients were followed-up by clinical examination with rigid sigmoidoscopy at 6 monthly intervals if the rectum was intact, and computed tomography of the pelvis at 1, 2 and 5 years after surgery. In total, 171 patients with rectal cancer were identified under the care of one surgeon over a period of 11 years from May 1992 to April 2003. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2006 Sep;12(36):5902-3

University Department of Surgery Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.

A 55-year old man presented with acute sigmoid volvulus. The distal level of obstruction was above the level which could be reached by the rigid sigmoidoscope to allow decompression, and so a flatus tube was "lassoed" onto the side of a flexible endoscope which allowed accurate placement under direct vision. This technique allows accurate placement of catheters, feeding tubes and other devices endoscopically, which cannot be placed through the instrument channel of the endoscope. Read More

J Am Coll Surg 2006 Sep 21;203(3):322-7. Epub 2006 Jul 21.

Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Burlington, MA 01805, USA.

Background: Minimum numbers of cases required for certification by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery (ABCRS) have been determined from a prospective database of all applicants applying for examination since 1989. These data represent the longitudinal evolution of practice patterns in tertiary colorectal training programs.

Study Design: After obtaining permission from the ABCRS, access to the database was obtained and data from the 12-year period 1994 to 2005 were analyzed. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2006 Jun;51(6):1137-58

Gastroenterology Fellowship Training Program, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, USA.

While Nazism is almost universally recognized as a great evil, control of science and medicine by the totalitarian Nazi state might be viewed as increasing efficiency. Scientific methods are applied to semiquantitatively analyze the effects of Nazism on medical progress in gastroenterology to document its pernicious effects, and to honor outstanding gastroenterologists persecuted or murdered by the Nazis. This is a retrospective, quasi-case-controlled study. Read More

Int J Colorectal Dis 2006 Oct 15;21(7):668-9. Epub 2006 Feb 15.

Department of Surgery, Hospital A. Fiorini, Via Firenze, 04019, Terracina, Latina, Italy.

Background And Aims: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is a relatively new procedure, and studies on long-term outcomes are few. We present the results of a 5-year follow-up on patients recruited to a randomized controlled trial comparing stapled and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.

Patients And Methods: We performed telephone interviews and office visits between May and July 2005 on patients who had taken part in a randomized controlled trial from May 1999 to December 2000. Read More

Surg Endosc 2006 May 17;20(5):812-4. Epub 2006 Jan 17.

Department of Colorectal Surgery, St. George and Prince of Wales Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.

Background: Rigid sigmoidoscopy using a disposable or nondisposable sigmoidoscope is a common outpatient procedure. It has been assumed that the nondisposable bellows and light head of the sigmoidoscope remain free from enteric organisms so that the procedure is sterile if a disposable or nondisposable (metal) sigmoidoscope shaft is used. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of organisms within the bellows or light head of the sigmoidoscope. Read More

Gastrointest Endosc 2005 Oct;62(4):610

Section of Surgery, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Center, Nottingham, United Kingdom.