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J Clin Oncol 2018 Oct 23:JCO2018789990. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Thomas Kaley, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Jose Baselga, and David M. Hyman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Thomas Kaley, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Jose Baselga, and David M. Hyman, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York; Igor Puzanov, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY; Mehdi Touat and Antoine Hollebecque, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif; Franck Bielle, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris; Florence Joly, Centre François Baclesse, Caen; Jean-Yves Blay, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Vivek Subbiah, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Jordi Rodon, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; A. Craig Lockhart, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL; Vicki Keedy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Ralf-Dieter Hofheinz, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Mannheim; Jurgen Wolf, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Cologne, Germany; Ian Chau, The Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Noopur S. Raje, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Martina Makrutzki, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland; Todd Riehl, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA; and Bethany Pitcher, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: BRAF mutations are frequently found in several glioma subtypes, including pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and ganglioglioma and much less commonly in glioblastoma. We sought to determine the activity of vemurafenib, a selective inhibitor of BRAF, in patients with gliomas that harbor this mutation.

Patients And Methods: The VE-BASKET study was an open-label, nonrandomized, multicohort study for BRAF-mutant nonmelanoma cancers. Read More

Traffic 2018 Dec 23;19(12):947-964. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

A highly specific transport and sorting machinery directing secretory cargo to the apical or basolateral plasma membrane maintains the characteristic polarized architecture of epithelial cells. This machinery comprises a defined set of transport carriers, which are crucial for cargo delivery to the correct membrane domain. Each carrier is composed of a distinct set of proteins to verify precise routing and cargo selection. Read More

Proc Biol Sci 2018 Sep 19;285(1887). Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.

Animal social groups are complex systems that are likely to exhibit tipping points-which are defined as drastic shifts in the dynamics of systems that arise from small changes in environmental conditions-yet this concept has not been carefully applied to these systems. Here, we summarize the concepts behind tipping points and describe instances in which they are likely to occur in animal societies. We also offer ways in which the study of social tipping points can open up new lines of inquiry in behavioural ecology and generate novel questions, methods, and approaches in animal behaviour and other fields, including community and ecosystem ecology. Read More

Br J Haematol 2018 Sep 11. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Product Development Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.

Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2018 Jul;14(7):436-438

Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan Health System Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Nursing 2018 Sep;48(9):56-58

Maryann Godshall is an assistant clinical professor at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pa. Mariana Riehl was a nursing student at Drexel University when this article was written and is now an RN.

Netw Neurosci 2018 1;1(4):431-445. Epub 2017 Dec 1.

Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Characterizing anesthesia-induced alterations to brain network dynamics provides a powerful framework to understand the neural mechanisms of unconsciousness. To this end, increased attention has been directed at how anesthetic drugs alter the functional connectivity between brain regions as defined through neuroimaging. However, the effects of anesthesia on temporal dynamics at functional network scales is less well understood. Read More

Nat Med 2018 Sep 6;24(9):1441-1448. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA.

Although programmed death-ligand 1-programmed death 1 (PD-L1-PD-1) inhibitors are broadly efficacious, improved outcomes have been observed in patients with high PD-L1 expression or high tumor mutational burden (TMB). PD-L1 testing is required for checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy in front-line non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, obtaining adequate tumor tissue for molecular testing in patients with advanced disease can be challenging. Read More

Nat Biotechnol 2018 Jul;36(7):566-569

Computer Science and Math, Computer Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA.

J Chem Ecol 2018 Oct 6;44(10):940-946. Epub 2018 Jul 6.

Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.

Hosts of avian brood parasites often use visual cues to reject foreign eggs, and several lineages of brood parasites have evolved mimetic eggshell coloration and patterning to circumvent host recognition. What is the mechanism of parasitic egg color mimicry at the chemical level? Mimetic egg coloration by Common Cuckoos Cuculus canorus is achieved by depositing similar concentrations of colorful pigments into their shells as their hosts. The mechanism of parasitic egg color mimicry at the chemical level in other lineages of brood parasites remains unexplored. Read More

Chem Rev 2018 Jul 2;118(14):6706-6765. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Institute of Organic Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14 , 55128 Mainz , Germany.

Arylated products are found in various fields of chemistry and represent essential entities for many applications. Therefore, the formation of this structural feature represents a central issue of contemporary organic synthesis. By the action of electricity the necessity of leaving groups, metal catalysts, stoichiometric oxidizers, or reducing agents can be omitted in part or even completely. Read More

Immunity 2018 Jul 26;49(1):107-119.e4. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Center for the Study of Itch, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address:

Intestinal macrophages are critical for gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis, but our understanding of their role in regulating intestinal motility is incomplete. Here, we report that CX3C chemokine receptor 1-expressing muscularis macrophages (MMs) were required to maintain normal GI motility. MMs expressed the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel, which senses thermal, mechanical, and chemical cues. Read More

Gut 2018 Jun 22. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Objective: GG (LGG), a probiotic, given by gavage is radioprotective of the mouse intestine. LGG-induced radioprotection is toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent and is associated with the migration of COX-2+mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the lamina propria of the villus to the lamina propria near the crypt epithelial stem cells. Our goals were to define the mechanism of LGG radioprotection including identification of the TLR2 agonist, and the mechanism of the MSC migration and to determine the safety and efficacy of this approach in models relevant to clinical radiation therapy. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2018 Jun 9;20(7):34. Epub 2018 Jun 9.

University of Michigan, Division of Gastroenterology, 3912 Taubman Center 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a difficult to treat medical condition, where nearly 40% of patients are refractory to standard medical intervention, which typically begins with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). These PPI nonresponders represent a population of patients, where treatment planning must be individualized; multidisciplinary and psychiatric comorbidities should be considered. This review highlights treatment options that include neuromodulators, lifestyle, and psychological interventions for the PPI nonresponder. Read More

R Soc Open Sci 2018 Apr 11;5(4):180027. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

ENTEG, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.

To better understand the intriguing mechanisms behind cooperation among decision-making individuals, we study the simple yet appealing use of preplay communication or cheap talk in evolutionary games, when players are able to choose strategies based on whether an opponent sends the same message as they do. So when playing games, in addition to pure cooperation and defection, players have two new strategies in this setting: homophilic (respectively, heterophilic) cooperation which is to cooperate (respectively, defect) only with those who send the same message as they do. We reveal the intrinsic qualities of individuals playing the two strategies and show that under the replicator dynamics, homophilic cooperators engage in a battle of messages and will become dominated by whichever message is the most prevalent at the start, while populations of heterophilic cooperators exhibit a more harmonious behaviour, converging to a state of maximal diversity. Read More

Proc Biol Sci 2018 Apr;285(1876)

Princeton University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Social animals often form long-lasting relationships with fellow group members, usually with close kin. In primates, strong social bonds have been associated with increased longevity, offspring survival and reproductive success. However, little is known about the fitness effects of social bonds between non-kin, especially outside of mammals. Read More

Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018 Mar 28;20(5):11. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Neurology, Heidelberg Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.

Purpose Of Review: To discuss the current state of glioma vaccine development and highlight the challenges associated with clinical implementation of these approaches.

Recent Findings: Vaccination strategies against gliomas have matured considerably during the past years, although proof-of efficacy from controlled clinical trials is still lacking. Advances in antigen discovery, including the definition of neoepitopes including epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1R132H and Histone (H)3. Read More

Chemistry 2018 May 19;24(26):6848-6853. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Biological, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.

The development of a convenient and rapid method to synthesize radiolabeled, enantiomerically pure amino acids (AAs) as potential positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for mapping various biochemical transformations in living organisms remains a challenge. This is especially true for the synthesis of carbon-11-labeled AAs given the short half-life of carbon-11 ( C, t =20.4 min). Read More

Chem Commun (Camb) 2018 Mar;54(22):2771-2773

Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi 3-14-1, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.

A stereoselective and electrocatalytic coupling reaction of isoeugenol has been reported for the first time in a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)/boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode system. This particular C-C bond formation and diastereoselectivity is driven by a solvate interaction between the radical species and another isoeugenol molecule. Due to an electrocatalytic cycle, only understoichiometric amounts of charge are necessary. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2018 May 13;117:88-97. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany. Electronic address:

The present in-vivo study investigated the behavior and performance of differently charged poly(lactic‑co‑glycolic) acid microparticles (PLGA MP) as vaccination platform. For this purpose, particles loaded with ovalbumin (OVA) as model antigen were subcutaneously (s.c. Read More

PLoS One 2018 2;13(1):e0189811. Epub 2018 Jan 2.

Tübingen Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

The present study investigates the occurrence of wild grasses at Epipalaeolithic and aceramic Neolithic sites in the Near East in order to assess their role in subsistence economies alongside the emergence of cereal cultivation. We use Chogha Golan in the foothills of the central Zagros Mountains (ca. 11. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2018 Jan 28;41(1):e23-e26. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Service de rhumatologie, Hôpital Pasteur-2, 30, avenue de la Voie-romaine, 06000 Nice, France.

JAMA Oncol 2018 Mar;4(3):384-388

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Importance: The histiocytic neoplasms Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) are highly enriched for BRAF V600 mutations and have been previously shown to be responsive to treatment with vemurafenib, an inhibitor of the BRAF V600 kinase. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of prolonged vemurafenib use in these patients are not defined. Here we analyze the final efficacy and safety data for vemurafenib in patients with ECD and LCH enrolled in the VE-BASKET study. Read More

Am Nat 2017 12 2;190(6):774-785. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Social animals vary in how reproduction is divided among group members, ranging from monopolization by a dominant pair (high skew) to equal sharing by cobreeders (low skew). Despite many theoretical models, the ecological and life-history factors that generate this variation are still debated. Here I analyze data from 83 species of cooperatively breeding birds, finding that kinship within the breeding group is a powerful predictor of reproductive sharing across species. Read More

J Surg Orthop Adv 2017 FALL;26(3):154-159

Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Gulf Breeze, Florida.

Arthroscopic education research recently has been focused on the use of skills labs to facilitate resident education and objective measure development to gauge technical skill. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three different teaching methods. Medical students were randomized into three groups. Read More

Sci Adv 2017 Oct 6;3(10):eaao3920. Epub 2017 Oct 6.

Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Electro-organic synthesis is a powerful technique for the sustainable preparation of compounds. However, many electrosynthetic reactions require complex equipment, are limited to a very narrow current density range, or have very long reaction times; some also involve nonselective transformations and bad scalability. The robust and selective synthesis of nonsymmetric biphenols and partially protected derivatives is established by anodic C-C cross-coupling. Read More

Int J Pharm 2017 Oct 1;532(1):37-46. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany. Electronic address:

The utilization of the cationic lipid R-DOTAP as immune cell stimulant (e.g. its stimulating effects on immature dendritic cells) and correspondingly as possible adjuvant for vaccination is well known. Read More

J Immunol 2017 10 23;199(7):2503-2514. Epub 2017 Aug 23.

Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;

Heterodimeric IL-27 (p28/EBV-induced gene 3) is an important member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family. IL-27 is predominantly synthesized by mononuclear phagocytes and exerts immunoregulatory functional activities on lymphocytic and nonlymphocytic cells during infection, autoimmunity or neoplasms. There is a great body of evidence on the bidirectional interplay between the autonomic nervous system and immune responses during inflammatory disorders, but so far IL-27 has not been defined as a part of these multifaceted neuroendocrine networks. Read More

Thromb Haemost 2017 08;117(9):1782-1797

Katrin Schäfer, MD, FESC, FAHA, Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Tel.: +49 6131 17 4221, Fax: +49 6131 17 8047, E-mail:

Platelet degranulation at the site of vascular injury prevents bleeding and may affect the chronic vascular wound healing response. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β1 is a major component of platelet α-granules known to accumulating in thrombi. It was our aim to determine the role of TGFβ1 released from activated platelets for neointima formation following arterial injury and thrombosis. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2017 31;36:167-169. Epub 2017 May 31.

Alabama Orthopaedic Clinic. Electronic address:

Introduction: Pelvic fractures are relatively uncommon in children, accounting for 0.3-7.5% of all pediatric injuries (Gänsslen et al. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017 07 17;488(4):590-595. Epub 2017 May 17.

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; The Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

The cardiac milieu is mechanically active with spontaneous contraction beginning from early development and persistent through maturation and homeostasis, suggesting that mechanical loading may provide a biomimetic myocardial developmental signal. In this study, we tested the role of cyclic mechanical stretch loading in the cardiomyogenesis of pluripotent murine embryonic (P19) stem cells. A Flexcell tension system was utilized to apply equiaxial stretch (12% strain, 1. Read More

J Clin Orthop Trauma 2017 Jan-Mar;8(1):38-44. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

Baptist Health Care and the Andrews Institute, 1717 North E. Street, Suite 208, Pensacola, FL 32501, USA.

Controversy exists regarding the routine use of chemical prophylaxis in isolated lower extremity fractures. The incidence of VTE in specific fracture locations in the lower extremity is largely unknown, and represents key information necessary to determine the need for prophylaxis. A large cross-sectional study using the National Trauma Databank was performed evaluating for the incidence and risk factors of VTE in isolated tibia fractures. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2017 17;10:965-971. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

Melanoma Section, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Background: Mutations in the gene have been implicated in several human cancers. The objective of this screening study was to identify patients with solid tumors (other than metastatic melanoma or papillary thyroid cancer) or multiple myeloma harboring activating mutations for enrollment in a vemurafenib clinical study.

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples were collected and sent to a central laboratory to identify activating mutations by bidirectional direct Sanger sequencing. Read More

J Am Chem Soc 2017 03 21;139(8):2960-2963. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are important structural motifs in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and materials science. The development of a new synthetic strategy toward these compounds is described based on the design principle of iron(III)-catalyzed carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions. This approach is characterized by its operational simplicity, high functional group compatibility, and regioselectivity while relying on FeCl as an environmentally benign, earth-abundant metal catalyst. Read More

PLoS One 2017 15;12(2):e0171857. Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America.

Despite the important role of mechanical signals in bone remodeling, relatively little is known about how fluid shear affects osteoblastic cell migration behavior. Here we demonstrated that MC3T3-E1 osteoblast migration could be activated by physiologically-relevant levels of fluid shear in a shear stress-dependent manner. Interestingly, shear-sensitive osteoblast migration behavior was prominent only during the initial period after the onset of the steady flow (for about 30 min), exhibiting shear stress-dependent migration speed, displacement, arrest coefficient, and motility coefficient. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2017 05 28;17(5):510-519. Epub 2017 Jan 28.

French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Inserm U1117, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker-Pasteur Infectiology Centre, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Background: Listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection and a notifiable disease in France. We did a nationwide prospective study to characterise its clinical features and prognostic factors.

Methods: MONALISA was a national prospective observational cohort study. Read More

Nucleic Acids Res 2017 Jun;45(10):e79

Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

DNA library preparation for high-throughput sequencing of genomic DNA usually involves ligation of adapters to double-stranded DNA fragments. However, for highly degraded DNA, especially ancient DNA, library preparation has been found to be more efficient if each of the two DNA strands are converted into library molecules separately. We present a new method for single-stranded library preparation, ssDNA2. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2017 Mar 5;116(1-2):167-174. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

CetAsia Research Group, 310-7250 Yonge St., Thornhill, Ontario L4J-7X1, Canada; Botos do Cerrado - Pesquisas Ambientais, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address:

The Critically Endangered Taiwanese humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis taiwanensis) is endemic to inshore and estuarine waters of central western Taiwan. It numbers fewer than 75 individuals, is declining and faces a myriad of human threats. Data from a long-term photo-identification program on these dolphins allowed major injuries to be examined quantitatively. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016 11 31;113(46):12985-12990. Epub 2016 Oct 31.

Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands

Binary decisions of agents coupled in networks can often be classified into two types: "coordination," where an agent takes an action if enough neighbors are using that action, as in the spread of social norms, innovations, and viral epidemics, and "anticoordination," where too many neighbors taking a particular action causes an agent to take the opposite action, as in traffic congestion, crowd dispersion, and division of labor. Both of these cases can be modeled using linear-threshold-based dynamics, and a fundamental question is whether the individuals in such networks are likely to reach decisions with which they are satisfied. We show that, in the coordination case, and perhaps more surprisingly, also in the anticoordination case, the agents will indeed always tend to reach satisfactory decisions, that is, the network will almost surely reach an equilibrium state. Read More

Dalton Trans 2016 Oct;45(39):15500-15506

Abteilung für Festkörperchemie und Theoretische Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

Octahedral tungsten iodide clusters equipped with apical ligands (L) are synthesized to implement substantial photophysical properties. The [WI(CFCOO)] cluster reported herein is the first example of a family of ligand substituted [WIL] clusters. Such compounds are expected to exhibit a rich photochemistry in which the apical ligands play a crucial role. Read More

Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2016 Dec;16(6):419-426

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-48, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.

Background: Recent studies and meta-analysis have shown that complete revascularization (CR) compared with infarct-related artery revascularization (IRA) during percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with decreased mortality. However, it is unclear if CR versus IRA in STEMI during indexed hospitalization is associated with risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).

Methods: A database search was conducted for all randomized controlled trials that enrolled STEMI patients and compared CR versus IRA and reported CI-AKI. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016 Oct 27;254(10):2017-2023. Epub 2016 Aug 27.

Practice Zeitz Franko Zeitz, Blumenstrasse 11-15, 40212, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the extent to which measurement errors in the determination of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) occur in cases of epiretinal membrane and whether systematic deviations are found in the values obtained.

Methods: A macular scan and a circumpapillary scan were performed on 97 eyes of 97 patients using SD-OCT. Group 1 comprised 53 patients with epiretinal membrane at an age of 70 ± 4. Read More

Lancet Oncol 2016 Sep 23;17(9):1272-82. Epub 2016 Jul 23.

Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Background: About half of patients with papillary thyroid cancer have tumours with activating BRAF(V600E) mutations. Vemurafenib, an oncogenic BRAF kinase inhibitor approved for BRAF-positive melanoma, showed clinical benefit in three patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive papillary thyroid cancer in a phase 1 trial. We aimed to establish the activity of vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive papillary thyroid cancer. Read More

Nat Genet 2016 09 18;48(9):1089-93. Epub 2016 Jul 18.

Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany.

The cereal grass barley was domesticated about 10,000 years before the present in the Fertile Crescent and became a founder crop of Neolithic agriculture. Here we report the genome sequences of five 6,000-year-old barley grains excavated at a cave in the Judean Desert close to the Dead Sea. Comparison to whole-exome sequence data from a diversity panel of present-day barley accessions showed the close affinity of ancient samples to extant landraces from the Southern Levant and Egypt, consistent with a proposed origin of domesticated barley in the Upper Jordan Valley. Read More

Plant Physiol 2016 10 12;172(2):776-788. Epub 2016 Jul 12.

Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 (W.Q., Y.X., M.J.S., C.S., D.A., S.J.L., J.S.F., R.A.F.);Biotic Interactions, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland (C.A.M.R., M.E.);Plant Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (B.E.H.); andInstitut für Kernchemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany (M.P., T.G., B.R., L.K., A.S.C., A.T.K.)

The western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is a major pest of maize (Zea mays) that is well adapted to most crop management strategies. Breeding for tolerance is a promising alternative to combat WCR but is currently constrained by a lack of physiological understanding and phenotyping tools. We developed dynamic precision phenotyping approaches using C with positron emission tomography, root autoradiography, and radiometabolite flux analysis to understand maize tolerance to WCR Our results reveal that WCR attack induces specific patterns of lateral root growth that are associated with a shift in auxin biosynthesis from indole-3-pyruvic acid to indole-3-acetonitrile. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016 Dec 5;28(12):1854-1860. Epub 2016 Jul 5.

Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Esophageal dysphagia is common in gastroenterology practice and has multiple etiologies. A complication for some patients with dysphagia is food impaction. A valid and reliable questionnaire to rapidly evaluate esophageal dysphagia and impaction symptoms can aid the gastroenterologist in gathering information to inform treatment approach and further evaluation, including endoscopy. Read More

Evolution 2016 08 13;70(8):1760-9. Epub 2016 Jul 13.

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544.

Reproduction among members of social animal groups is often highly synchronized, but neither the selective advantages nor the proximate causes of synchrony are fully understood. Here I investigate the evolution of hatching synchrony in the Greater Ani (Crotophaga major), a communally nesting bird in which several unrelated females contribute eggs to a large, shared clutch. Hatching synchrony is variable, ranging from complete synchrony to moderate asynchrony, and is determined by the onset of incubation of the communal clutch. Read More

Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2016 Jun;74(2):124-9

Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to learn more about the indications, criteria, and methods surgeons use for performing examination under anesthesia (EUA) for "intermediate" sized posterior wall acetabular fractures (those involving 20% to 40% of the posterior wall) and to find what criteria are used to determine hip instability.

Methods: An 18 question survey was posted on the Ortho- paedic Trauma Association's website and was used to gather anonymous data from orthopaedic surgeons regarding their approach to the intermediate sized posterior wall fracture.

Results: Considerable variability existed among re- sponses to many of the questions asked. Read More

Front Vet Sci 2016 20;3:36. Epub 2016 May 20.

Dentistry and Oral Surgery Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI , USA.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of pulse oximetry to detect blood flow within the canine tooth of dogs.

Materials And Methods: Dogs aged 18-138 months presenting for oral treatment and meeting the inclusion criteria underwent pulse oximetry evaluation of at least one canine tooth. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate values were acquired from vital canine teeth of 38 clinical patients (representing 40 total teeth) with a handheld pulse oximeter and compared to a control area. Read More

Mol Ther Oncolytics 2016 24;3:16003. Epub 2016 Feb 24.

Oncolytic Measles Viruses and Vaccine Vectors, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut , Langen, Germany.

To target oncolytic measles viruses (MV) to tumors, we exploit the binding specificity of designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). These DARPin-MVs have high tumor selectivity while maintaining excellent oncolytic potency. Stability, small size, and efficacy of DARPins allowed the generation of MVs simultaneously targeted to tumor marker HER2/neu and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker EpCAM. Read More