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Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR. Electronic address:

Background: While viral infection is known to be associated with asthma exacerbations, prior research has not identified reliable predictors of acute symptom severity in virus-related asthma exacerbations (VRAE).

Objective: To determine the effect of asthma control and viral infection on the severity of current illness and evaluate biomarkers related to acute symptoms during asthma exacerbations.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 120 children with physician diagnosed asthma and current wheezing who presented to Arkansas Children's Hospital Emergency Department. Read More

J Infect Dis 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (98195), Washington, USA.

Background: Rhinovirus (RV) is a common cause of respiratory illness in all people, including those experiencing homelessness. RV epidemiology in homeless shelters is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed data from a cross-sectional homeless shelter study in King County, Washington, October 2019-May 2021. Read More

Antiviral Res 2022 Jun 19;204:105368. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy. Electronic address:

The genetic plasiticity of viruses is one of the main obstacles to the development of antivirals. The aim of this study has been to assess the ability of two physiologic oxysterols and host-targeting antivirals - namely 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC and 27OHC) - to select resistant strains, using human rhinovirus (HRV) as a challenging model of a viral quasispecies. Moreover, we selected 27OHC for further studies aimed at exploring its potential for the development of antiviral drugs. Read More

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022 Jun;57(6):683-691

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.

To explore the relationship between pathogens in the olfactory cleft area and olfactory disorders in patients with upper respiratory inflammation (URI) during the prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A total of 234 URI patients including acute upper respiratory infection, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR) were continuously selected from September 2020 to March 2021 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital and 98 healthy adults were enrolled as controls. The secretions from the olfactory cleft of all subjects were collected with nasal swabs under nasal endoscopy. Read More

J Clin Virol 2022 Jun 8;153:105215. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer B-121F, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-7093, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: In December 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant displaced the Delta variant and caused an unprecedented spike in the numbers of COVID-19 cases. This study reports the positivity rates of circulating non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses and evaluates coinfections of these viruses with SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron surge.

Methods: Data from the multiplex respiratory panels used for diagnosis at the Johns Hopkins Microbiology Laboratory were used to assess positivity rates and respiratory virus coinfections in the time frame between November 2021 and February 2022. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022 Jun 16:e1971. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.

Background: Cardiomyopathy is a known complication of organic acidemias but generally thought to be secondary to poor metabolic control.

Methods: Our patient was found through biochemical testing and Sanger sequencing to harbor an Icelandic founder mutation: NM_052845.4(MMAB):c. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 30;13:886611. Epub 2022 May 30.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.

Rhinoviruses (RV) have been shown to inhibit subsequent infection by heterologous respiratory viruses, including influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To better understand the mechanisms whereby RV protects against pulmonary coronavirus infection, we used a native murine virus, mouse hepatitis virus strain 1 (MHV-1), that causes severe disease in the lungs of infected mice. We found that priming of the respiratory tract with RV completely prevented mortality and reduced morbidity of a lethal MHV-1 infection. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, McLendon Clinical Laboratories, University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.

To evaluate co-circulation of respiratory viruses during the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha surge, we performed a molecular respiratory panel on 1,783 nasopharyngeal swabs collected between January 15 and April 15, 2021 from symptomatic outpatients that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in North Carolina. Of these, 373 (20.9%) were positive for at least one virus tested on the panel. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2022 Jun 4;28:e937371. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

A recent global outbreak of cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children has raised health alerts. Increasing numbers of cases are being reported in most countries, mainly in the United Kingdom (UK). Although the cause remains unknown, several viruses have been isolated from affected children, including adenovirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and rhinovirus. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Institute for Health Protection of Mother and Child of Serbia 'Dr Vukan Cupic', Beograd, Serbia.

Background: Bronchiolitis is the leading acute respiratory tract infection in infants during the winter season. Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a reduction in the number of bronchiolitis diagnoses has been registered.

Objective: The present study aimed to describe the incidence and clinical features of bronchiolitis during the 2020-2021 winter season in a large cohort of children in Europe and Israel, and to clarify the role of SARS-CoV-2. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2022 Jun 11. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objectives: We describe the use of a multi-pathogen platform, TaqMan array card (TAC) real-time PCR, for the detection of pathogens in patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness (SRI).

Methods: Prospective hospital-based syndromic surveillance for acute and chronic SRI was carried out at two sentinel sites in South Africa between January and December 2017. We tested respiratory specimens for 21 respiratory pathogens and blood samples for nine bacteria using TAC. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

The availability of virucidal compounds to reduce the impact of respiratory viruses is a relevant topic for public health, especially during the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Antimicrobial properties of Xibornol are known since the 1970s, but its activity on viruses is currently little explored. In this study, Xibornol activity at a fixed concentration of 0. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2022 Jun 13:e0052622. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Pathology, grid.471401.7grid.21107.35Johns Hopkins University School of Medicinegrid.471401.7, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflows applied to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens could enhance the detection of respiratory pathogens, although optimal approaches are not defined. This study evaluated the performance of the Respiratory Pathogen ID/AMR (RPIP) kit (Illumina, Inc.) with automated Explify bioinformatic analysis (IDbyDNA, Inc. Read More

Access Microbiol 2022 21;4(3):000332. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Pediatrics Department, King Hamad University Hospital, Busaiteen, Bahrain.

Respiratory tract infections are a leading cause of hospital visits in the paediatric population and carry significant associated morbidity and mortality in this population. The introduction of respiratory panel testing has been said to guide clinicians in the overall management of patients. We conducted a retrospective study examining all respiratory panels carried out in our hospital during 2019 on paediatric patients. Read More

J Clin Virol 2022 Jun 7:105197. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Background: Although the clinical course of the COVID-19 in adults has been extensively described, the impact of the co-detection of SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus on severity outcomes is not understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the risk of hospitalization of outpatients with COVID-19 with and without the co-detection of rhinovirus in southern Brazil. Secondarily, such risk was also compared between all individuals with COVID-19 and those with single rhinovirus infection. Read More

BMC Public Health 2022 Jun 11;22(1):1167. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Köln, Germany.

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are among the main causes of death. Although there are many respiratory viruses, diagnostic efforts are focused mainly on influenza. The Respiratory Viruses Network (RespVir) collects infection data, primarily from German university hospitals, for a high diversity of infections by respiratory pathogens. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 24;9:829624. Epub 2022 May 24.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: The diagnosis of respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in critically ill patients is important for determining treatment options and adhering to infection-control protocols. However, data on the incidence and occurrence patterns of RVIs are scarce. We investigated the epidemiology and clinical impact of RVIs in critically ill patients. Read More

Infect Prev Pract 2022 Sep 25;4(3):100221. Epub 2022 May 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Sendai City, Miyagi 983-8512, Japan.

Introduction: Although outbreaks of parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3) have been reported in children, to our knowledge none have been reported in a nursery school. As the symptoms of PIV-3 infection are similar to those of COVID-19 infection, accurate diagnosis of PIV-3 and other respiratory viruses is important during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims: We experienced an outbreak of upper respiratory symptoms at a nursery school in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, from 29/5/2021 to 13/6/2021 and aimed to determine the causative organism(s). Read More

Curr Protoc 2022 Jun;2(6):e453

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.

A diverse collection of viral pathogens target airway epithelial cells for infection, with effects ranging from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to death of the infected individual. Among these pathogens are recently discovered and/or emergent viruses that sometimes fail to infect commonly used, immortalized cell lines and for which infection phenotypes in the respiratory tract remain unknown. Human airway epithelial cultures have been developed over the past several decades and have proven to be a useful model system in culturing hard-to-grow viruses and assaying various features of infection in a physiologically relevant setting. Read More

Med Biol Eng Comput 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Consciousness Studies Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bengaluru, 560012, Karnataka, India.

The high spread rate of SARS-CoV-2 virus has put the researchers all over the world in a demanding situation. The need of the hour is to develop novel learning algorithms that can effectively learn a general pattern by training with fewer genome sequences of coronavirus. Learning from very few training samples is necessary and important during the beginning of a disease outbreak when sequencing data is limited. Read More

Cutis 2022 Feb;109(2):101-102

Wellness Dermatology, Lawrenceville, New Jersey.

Guttate psoriasis is a subgroup of psoriasis that most commonly presents as raindroplike, erythematous, silvery, scaly papules. Guttate psoriatic flares may follow rhinovirus or COVID-19 infection due to dysregulation of the innate immune response. We describe the case of a patient who experienced a moderate psoriatic flare 3 weeks after diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Read More

J Infect Dev Ctries 2022 May 30;16(5):857-863. Epub 2022 May 30.

Division of Medical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: Viruses are responsible for two-thirds of all acute respiratory tract infections. This study aims to retrospectively detect respiratory tract viruses in patients from all age groups who visited the hospital.

Methodology: A total of 1592 samples from 1416 patients with respiratory tract symptoms were sent from several clinics to the Molecular Microbiology Laboratory at Gazi University Hospital from February 2016 to January 2019. Read More

mBio 2022 Jun 2:e0085422. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Universitygrid.26009.3d Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

For RNA virus families except , viral RNA sensing includes Toll-like receptors and/or RIG-I. Picornavirus RNAs, whose 5' termini are shielded by a genome-linked protein, are predominately recognized by MDA5. This has important ramifications for adaptive immunity, as MDA5-specific patterns of type-I interferon (IFN) release are optimal for CD4T cell T1 polarization and CD8T cell priming. Read More

Pediatr Pulmonol 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: There is scarce information focused on the effect of weather conditions and air pollution on specific acute viral respiratory infections, such as rhinovirus (RV), with a wide clinical spectrum of severity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between episodes of severe respiratory tract infection by RV and air pollutant concentrations (NO and SO ) in the reference area of a pediatric university hospital.

Methods: An analysis of temporal series of daily values of NO and SO , weather variables, circulating pollen and mold spores, and daily number of admissions in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with severe respiratory RV infection (RVi) in children between 6 months and 18 years was performed. Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022 25;64:e34. Epub 2022 May 25.

Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente, Departamento de Pediatria, Unidade de Infectologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

This study aims to assess COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses in pediatric patients. Between April 17 and September 30, 2020, we collected 1,566 respiratory samples from 1,044 symptomatic patients who were younger than 18 years old to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 919 were analyzed for other respiratory pathogens (ORP). Read More

Biosci Rep 2022 Jun;42(6)

Laboratory of Biotechnology, Green Chemistry Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.

Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been recognized as a potent protein expression system in engineering valuable enzymes and vaccines. Various fusion tags facilitate protein purification, leaving the potential risk to influence the target protein's biological activity negatively. It is of great interest to consider removing the additional tags using site-specific proteases, such as human rhinoviruses (HRV) 3C protease. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2022 May 30;37(21):e172. Epub 2022 May 30.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

Background: Since the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) such as extensive and comprehensive hand hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing have been implemented globally. This study aimed to investigate changes in respiratory viruses other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that occurred following the implementation of these NPIs.

Methods: From January 2018 to December 2021, influenza-like illness patient specimens and specimens from the Korea Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Surveillance System were analyzed at the Incheon Metropolitan City Institute of Public Health and Environment. Read More

Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2022 May 27. Epub 2022 May 27.

Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with community-acquired pneumonia but prevalence estimates vary substantially. We aimed to systematically review and pool estimates for 22 viruses commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of each of the common respiratory viruses detected by any diagnostic method in children aged up to 18 years with community-acquired pneumonia. Read More

Immun Inflamm Dis 2022 Jun;10(6):e632

Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Registration, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, P. R. China.

Background: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the human rhinovirus (HRV) outbreaks in Guangzhou, China, in 2020.

Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HRV-related outbreaks in Guangzhou, 2020.

Results: Seventeen outbreaks were reported in 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Guangzhou, a total of 465 patients (290 males and 175 females) were enrolled, with a median age of 10. Read More

Viruses 2022 05 17;14(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea.

Many countries have implemented public health and social measures (PHSMs) to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the PHSMs are targeted at SARS-CoV-2 transmission control, they directly or indirectly impact the epidemiology of different respiratory viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the collateral impact of PHSMs used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus infections. Read More