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Semin Plast Surg 2020 May 6;34(2):92-98. Epub 2020 May 6.

Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Associates, Fort Worth, Texas.

Progressive premaxillary retrusion is a common sequela of the facial aging process. In most cases, this manifests with central maxillary recession. Central maxillary insufficiency is also commonly encountered within certain ethnic communities, or in cleft lip nasal deformity, and may represent a challenge for the plastic and reconstructive surgeon attempting correction in the setting of facial contouring, rhinoplasty, or reconstruction following oncologic resection or trauma. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Aug 24;34(4):363-372. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Saddle nose correction remains a challenging procedure for rhinoplasty surgeons due to both aesthetic and functional issues. The most common causes of saddle nose are nasal trauma and prior septal surgery, and a defective relationship between the caudal septum and the anterior septal spine is the principal postoperative pathology. The authors propose their own classification system for saddle nose with one new category and several approaches to deal with this condition in accordance with the level of severity. Read More

Semin Plast Surg 2015 Nov;29(4):262-8

VIP International Plastic Surgery Center, Seoul, Korea.

An Asian rhinoplasty is one of the most popular procedures in plastic surgery. The anatomical characteristics of the Asian nose are quite different from those of other races, including low dorsum height, short columella, a thick soft tissue covering on the tip with flaccid lower lateral cartilage, and a sunken midface with relative protrusion of the mouth due to maxilla or premaxillary retrusion. For augmentation and lengthening of the nose, a silicone implant has been commonly used in Asian countries. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014 Feb 10;35(2):216-22. Epub 2013 Jan 10.

From the Department of Radiology (C.J.S.), Beverly Tower Wilshire Advanced Imaging, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Summary: Cosmetic rhinoplasty encompasses a diverse group of procedures, including alteration of the radix, nasal dorsum, nasal tip, and nasal base; premaxillary augmentation; septoplasty; and combinations thereof. Similarly, many different types of grafts and alloplastic materials can be used in cosmetic rhinoplasty, such as cartilage, bone, silicone, porous polyethylene, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and calcium hydroxylapatite. Complications of rhinoplasty that can be observed on imaging include retained metallic surgical instrument fragments, infection, implant extrusion, nerve impingement by implants, nasal valve collapse, and implant deformity. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2010 Sep 2;63(9):e686-90. Epub 2010 Aug 2.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.

Premaxillary augmentation is a widely adopted procedure used as an independent facial contouring operation or as an adjunct to rhinoplasty. Insufficient projection of the praemaxilla is a relatively common deformity, especially in the Asian population. We performed two cases of premaxillary augmentation using autologous costal cartilage as an adjunct to rhinoplasty. Read More

Indian J Plast Surg 2008 Jul;41(2):151-9

Department of Plastic Surgery, SSG Hospital and Medical College, Baroda, India.

Maxillonasal dysplasia or Binder's syndrome is an uncommon congenital condition characterized by a retruded mid-face with an extremely flat nose. We report here six patients with maxillonasal dysplasia whose noses were corrected with onlay costal cartilage grafts using a combined oral vestibular and external rhinoplasty approach for nasal dorsal augmentation, columellar lengthening, and premaxillary augmentation. The cartilage graft was dipped in a solution of 100 ml 0. Read More

Arch Facial Plast Surg 2008 May-Jun;10(3):152-7

Division of Facial Plastic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Alexandria Medical School, Alexandria, Egypt.

Objective: To describe a technique for reconstructing the lost tip support in cases involving caudal septal and premaxillary deficiencies.

Methods: The study included 120 patients with aesthetic and functional nasal problems resulting from the loss of caudal septal and premaxillary support. An external rhinoplasty approach was performed to reconstruct the lost support using a cartilaginous caudal septum replacement graft and premaxillary augmentation with Mersilene mesh. Read More

Laryngoscope 2007 May;117(5):803-7

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Objective: The objective of this study is to review our favorable experience in performing rhinoplasty in aging patients.

Methods: All patients aged 65 years or greater who underwent rhinoplasty, either esthetic or functional, by the senior author (Y.D. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2005 May-Jun;29(3):169-73

Hossam M. T. Foda, Sidi Gaber, 372, Alexandria, 2012-215-8695, Egypt.

Premaxillary retrusion may distort the aesthetic appearance of the columella, lip, and nasal tip. This defect is characteristically seen in, but not limited to, patients with cleft lip nasal deformity. This study investigated 60 patients presenting with premaxillary deficiencies in which Mersiline mesh was used to augment the premaxilla. Read More

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2002 Nov;10(4):415-22

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Square, Suite 1380, Westmount, Montreal, Quebec, H3Z2P9 Canada.

Plast Reconstr Surg 2000 Sep;106(3):707-12

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

Recession of the premaxillary area is a relatively common deformity. Typically, it presents as a mild weakness of the central maxilla, but in certain instances, such as in the Black and Asian communities, it may be moderate to severe. This condition can be compounded by a narrow nasolabial angle, recessed alar bases, and sunken cheeks. Read More

Laryngoscope 1991 Jan;101(1 Pt 1):86-8

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990 Oct;116(10):1197-201

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland.

Substantial premaxillary augmentation is necessary as an adjunctive treatment in most cleft rhinoplasties and in those patients exhibiting an acute nasolabial angle due to retrusion of the premaxila. We describe our technique of evaluation and treatment of this condition using a custom-carved piece of material made from a woven combination of Teflon and organic fibers (Proplast). Detailed technical illustrations as well as patient results are demonstrated. Read More