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Fed Pract 2018 Jan;35(1):32-36

and are Internal Medicine Residents at Scott and White Memorial Hospital. and are Physicians at the Central Texas Veterans Health Care System; all in Temple, Texas.

Prompt diagnosis of a patient presenting with rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system manifestations is critical for treatment of this potentially fatal fungal infection. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Mucormycosis is an aggressive infection caused by an angioinvasive fungus that results in significant human disease. It most commonly manifests as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, and cutaneous infections. Among healthcare-associated mucormycosis, cutaneous manifestations are the most common, accounting for >50% of infections. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(51):e13290

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

Rationale: Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection which mainly develops in compromised hosts and the associated mortality rate is high.

Patient Concerns: We report a case of mucormycosis in a 59-year-old woman following routine endoscopic sinus surgery. The patient had a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and bronchial asthma. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2018 Oct - Dec;35(4):217-221. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, España. Electronic address:

Infections due to zygomycetes, caused by mucorales and entomophthorales, are characterized by angioinvasion and invasion of neighboring organs or structures. Mucorales most commonly cause rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous or disseminated infection and its spread is favored by several diseases (such as diabetes or chronic kidney disease) and risk factors (neutropenia, immunosuppression, iron overload). They have a high mortality rate, and the key to success in their treatment are early diagnosis, prompt administration of antifungal treatment, and extensive surgical debridement. Read More

Med Mycol Case Rep 2018 Dec 21;22:69-73. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Hamad Medical Corporation, Al-Sadd, Doha 3050, Qatar.

Immunocompromised status is associated with invasive fungal infections including mucormycosis. These infections are challenging to treat and associated with high overall mortality. Here we report a fatal case of invasive mucormycosis in a cirrhotic, diabetic patient. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Dec 28;61(12):909-915. Epub 2018 Aug 28.

Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of mucormycosis, a life-threatening fungal infection, remains a challenge for physicians.

Objectives: To identify the causative Mucorales in fresh clinical samples and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of patients with proven mucormycosis by molecular method.

Patients/methods: Fresh clinical samples of patients with proven mucormycosis according to the EORTC/MSG criteria admitted between 2015 and 2017 and histopathologically proven FFPE archives collected during 2004-2007 and 2015-2017 from Mazandaran University-affiliated hospitals of northern Iran were included. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Oct 2;61(10):764-769. Epub 2018 Jul 2.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Inadequate data are available on the global epidemiology of mucormycosis, mainly derived from the evaluation of specific population groups. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an invading and fatal mycosis, particularly among diabetic patients. In the present study, patients hospitalised in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, from 2007 to 2017, were evaluated. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2018 Aug 16;97(8):550-554. Epub 2018 May 16.

Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg HNO.

Mucormycosis is a rare but serious type of fungal infection, which can progress rapidly especially in immunsupressed patients.We report about a 47 year old female patient with ptosis on the left eye. The ophthalmological report offered no further pathologic findings. Read More

Tunis Med 2017 May;95(5):378-380

Mucormycosis is a rare and acute fungal infection which is frequently lethal, usually observed in non-controlled diabetic patients. The infection usually begins in the nose but it can invade the lung, the digestive tract, and the skin. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis accounts for 40 to 49% of mucormycosis cases. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018 Jan;22(Suppl 1):S112-S116

Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, V S Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Mucormycosis or zygomycosis, also called phycomycosis, is an uncommon, invasive, potentially lethal and an aggressive fungal infection of the order that usually affects patients with alteration of their immunological system. From its initial description (Paltauf, 1885), this entity still has a high mortality. Imaging techniques are not usually diagnostic, and cultures are not totally reliable. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018 May 26;62(5). Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2018 Mar 15;26(3):242-244. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

3 Department of Pathology, 123647 Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that can infect different regions of the body. This entity may present in rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, and disseminated forms. Although pulmonary mucormycosis is usually seen as an invasive parenchymal consolidation or cavitation, it may rarely present as an endobronchial mass. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Feb 8;2018. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.

Mucormycosis, a rare opportunistic infection seen in immunocompromised hosts, is caused by fungi of Mucorales family. It may be confined to the organs, such as rhinocerebral and pulmonary mucormycosis, or may cause disseminated infection. A 14-year-old boy presented to our clinic with fever and left upper quadrant abdominal pain, and on evaluation was found to have pancytopaenia, and imaging revealed ill-defined splenic collection with thrombus in the splenic vein. Read More

J Assoc Physicians India 2017 12;65(12):103-104

Chairman, Institute of Digestive disease & Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana.

Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection that occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with diabetes mellitus, leukemia, lymphoma, renal disease, septicemia, burns, malnutrition, and following long-term treatment with steroids and antibiotics. Based on the clinical presentation and involvement, mucormycosis is classified as six major forms, namely, rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal (GI), disseminated and miscellaneous, with rhinocerebral and pulmonary being the common forms. GI mucormycosis is rare, accounting for only 7% of all cases; however, the mortality rate is as high as 85%. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018 Oct;40(7):e461-e463

Departments of Pediatrics.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) can lead to internal carotid artery thrombosis. Here, we report the first case of RCM with temporal artery thrombosis following HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation in an adolescent presenting with low-grade fever, right mandibular pain, and right jaw claudication. This case suggests that RCM can cause temporal artery thrombosis and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in severely immunocompromised patients with maxillary sinusitis presenting with jaw claudication. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018 Jun;37(6):555-558

Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego, California.

A 17-year-old girl developed invasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis during intensive re-induction chemotherapy for relapsed pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Due to the high case fatality rate for invasive mucormycosis in profoundly immunosuppressed patients, an aggressive treatment regimen was pursued. In addition to the standard of care treatments with intravenous amphotericin and aggressive surgical debridements, she received intraventricular amphotericin to the brain via an Ommaya reservoir, hyperbaric oxygen treatments, filgrastim, intravenous immunoglobulin and antifungal in vitro synergy testing to allow for more targeted antifungal therapy with the addition of micafungin. Read More

Med Mycol Case Rep 2018 Mar 1;19:13-17. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Pneumology Department, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac, France.

Mucormycosis is a rare and life-threatening fungal infection of the Mucorales order occurring mainly in immunosuppressed patients. The most common forms are rhinocerebral but pulmonary or disseminated forms may occur. We report the case of a 61-year-old patient in whom pulmonary mucormycosis was diagnosed during his first-ever episode of diabetic ketoacidosis. Read More

J Mycol Med 2017 Dec 7;27(4):586-588. Epub 2017 Nov 7.

Department of Dermatology, the Forth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, PR China.

Mucormycosis is a rare life-threatening opportunistic infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. We report a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus arrhizus var. tonkinensis, the first formally reported case in the literature. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2018 May - Jun;11(3):301-303. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Royal Medical Services, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Bahrain. Electronic address:

The purpose of presenting this case is to report a fatal case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis post-dental extraction in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Several cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis have been reported, but mucocutaneous mucormycosis has not been commonly reported to be a part of polymicrobial wound infections at multifocal sites. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the second case of polymicrobial rhinocerebral infection involving mucormycosis. Read More

Plast Surg (Oakv) 2017 Aug 28;25(3):211-217. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Department of Plastic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an acute, rapidly fatal, fungal infection, classically involving the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. It is an aggressive, opportunistic infection that frequently progresses to involve the orbit and cerebrum. Cerebral extension in immunocompromised patients is almost universally fatal. Read More

Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2017 Jul-Sep;7(3):202-204

Balaji Medicenter, Panchkula, India.

Mucormycosis is a rare potentially fatal opportunistic fungal infection that affects human beings. Normally, a healthy is immune to such infections but there are some risk factors which predispose a person to mucormycosis, of which malnutrition and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors. India is the most commonly affected country by mucormycosis because of high proportion people with low socioeconomic status and diabetes mellitus. Read More

Mycoses 2017 Dec 6;60(12):836-841. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Mucormycosis is an aggressive and life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection, which predominantly affects immunocompromised patients. It typically manifests in rhinocerebral, pulmonary or disseminated forms in patients with immunosuppressive conditions. Mucormycosis limited to the oral cavity is rare, and to the best of our knowledge only seven cases have previously been reported in English literature. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 7;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Intensive Care Unit, Hospital San Javier, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

We present the case of a 28-year-old man with a long-standing history of cocaine abuse and Child-Pugh class C alcoholic liver cirrhosis who developed severe lower respiratory tract infection complicated with septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. He was managed in the intensive care unit. On the eighth day after admission, he developed a nose discolouration, which was initially thought to be associated with high-dose vasopressors. Read More

Ann Maxillofac Surg 2017 Jan-Jun;7(1):120-123

Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Mucormycosis of the frontal sinus are rarely seen in day to day clinical practice. Although this fungus is commonly found in the environment, the disease is usually prevented by the immune system and is hence rare. Well-recognized risk factors for the disease include diabetes mellitus, leukemia, aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, blood dyscrasias, and immunosuppressive therapy in organ transplantation, renal disease, sepsis, and severe burns. Read More

Mycopathologia 2017 Oct 21;182(9-10):933-935. Epub 2017 Jun 21.

Research Unit, Hospital La Inmaculada, Huércal-Overa, Almería, Spain.

Mucormycosis is an unusual fungal infection that usually affects immunosuppressed patients. Small outbreaks of mucormycosis have been previously reported. We present two clinical cases of fatal rhinocerebral mucormycosis with a close temporal relationship between them and a possible nosocomial transmission: case 1 was a 75-year-old male with diabetes and COPD, treated with antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids, who developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 May 22;2017. Epub 2017 May 22.

Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.

A 17-year-old female with recently relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and a treatment course complicated by rhinocerebral mucormycosis infection developed severe peripheral neuropathy during the treatment for mucormycosis infection. This was felt to be a medication side effect. Her peripheral neuropathy was refractory to many well-established treatments, but ultimately responded dramatically and consistently to a novel therapy, topical doxepin cream (5%). Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017;26:143. Epub 2017 Mar 14.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.

Eur Heart J Suppl 2016 Apr 29;18(Suppl E):E19-E21. Epub 2016 Apr 29.

IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, via Morandi, 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive infection caused by ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order Mucorales. We describe a case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis presented in a paediatric patient after cardiac surgery correction of a complete atrioventricular canal defect. The rhinocerebral form of mucormycosis in our patient presented as an important epistaxis that needed immediate intubation due to blood inhalation. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2017 Jan;27(1):85-90

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Swami Devi Dyal Dental College and Hospital, Golpura, Panchkula.

Background: Mucormycosis is one of the rapidly progressing and lethal form of fungal infection which involves the nose and paranasal sinuses of the head and the neck regions. Mucormycosis also remains a threat to patients with uncontrolled diabetes or other predisposing systemic conditions. It manifests as rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous or disseminated form. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 04 18;17(1):283. Epub 2017 Apr 18.

Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Background: Mucormycosis is a highly lethal fungal infection especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Methods: In order to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of mucormycosis in renal transplant recipients we searched publications of mucormycosis cases in renal transplant recipients in PUBMED database up to December 2015.

Results: A total of 174 cases in renal transplant recipients were included in this review. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2016 ;16(4):264-269

Ionian Department, Microbiology and Virology Lab. "Policlinico" University Hospital, P.zza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.

Background: Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare, rapidly progressive and potentially lethal disease almost exclusively affecting immunocompromised hosts or patients with metabolic disorders, such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This work is aimed to describe five cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis to review and possibly define diagnostic and surgical treatment guidelines. In all the patients, surgical debridement, systemic and local antifungal therapy, and oral rehabilitation using filling prostheses were performed. Read More

World Neurosurg 2017 Feb 5;98:872.e1-872.e3. Epub 2016 Dec 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Upstate Medical University Hospital, Syracuse, New York, USA.

Central nervous system mucormycosis is an aggressive fungal infection often ending in fatality. The usual circumstance is an immunocompromised individual presenting with rapidly progressive rhinocerebral involvement. An extremely rare variant of central nervous system mucormycosis isolated to the basal ganglia in an immunocompetent intravenous drug user is detailed in this manuscript. Read More

Neurol Clin Pract 2016 Dec;6(6):549-552

Department of Neurology (AM, ID, UK, CBM, AMM, MJD), Department of Pathology (TS), and Department of Ophthalmology (MJD), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.

Front Neurol 2016 24;7:181. Epub 2016 Oct 24.

Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.

Rhinocerebral mucomycosis (RCM) as an emerging opportunistic, angioinvasive, and devastating fungi infection with high mortality is difficult to be diagnosed early because of the lack of specific clinical features or manifestations. Garcin syndrome is more often caused by skull base and rhinopharyngeal tumors or metastases, and basal meningitis. We reported that an aged diabetic man, involved nearly all cranial nerves (Garcin syndrome), who was at first suspected to be suffered from tuberculous meningitis, ultimately developed typically progressing RCM. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016 11 28;155(5):888-889. Epub 2016 Jun 28.

Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.

Ann Hematol 2017 Jan 3;96(1):151-153. Epub 2016 Oct 3.

Department of Medicine A/Hematology and Oncology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Muenster, Germany.

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2016 Aug;51(8):561-7

Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provinical Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China.

Objective: Through the retrospective analysis of the clinical data in 14 cases of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS), the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of this disease were evaluated.

Methods: Fourteen clinically confirmed cases of IFRS since January 2008 to October 2015 were evaluated.collected, the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding for clinical reference. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2016 Jan 5;46(1):58-62. Epub 2016 Jan 5.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

Background/aim: Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection most commonly encountered in the immunocompromised host. We analyzed 51 adult patients treated for mucormycosis between 2003 and 2013 and recorded at a tertiary university hospital in Turkey.

Materials And Methods: We examined the following data for all patients: age, sex, predisposing disease, symptoms, treatment, surgical procedure, concomitant infections, intensive care requirement, and outcomes. Read More

Mycoses 2016 Dec 22;59(12):765-772. Epub 2016 Jul 22.

Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Posaconazole has significant activity against the Mucormycetes. However, data are limited on the clinical efficacy of posaconazole for treating rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of posaconazole in patients with ROCM. Read More

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016 Jun 7;68(2):261-2. Epub 2016 Jan 7.

Department of Otolaryngology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Surg Neurol Int 2016 25;7:61. Epub 2016 May 25.

Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

Background: Rhinocerebral mucormycosis occurs in immunocompromised hosts with uncontrolled diabetes, solid organ transplants, and hematologic malignancies. Primary disease is in the paranasal sinuses but often progresses intracranially, via direct extension or angioinvasion. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is rapidly fatal with a mortality rate of 85%, even when maximally treated with surgical debridement, antifungal therapy, and correction of underlying processes. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Jun 2;2016. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is an angioinvasive fungal infection most often caused by Rhizopus oryzae It is usually associated with an underlying risk factor and is associated with a poor prognosis. There are no consensus guidelines on the optimal management of this aggressive disease; most management decisions are based on case reports and expert opinion. We report a successfully managed case of RCM in an insulin-dependent diabetic, initially presenting with a change in mental status, rapidly progressing to complete right eye blindness and ophthalmoplegia and complicated by multiple cerebral infarctions and abscesses. Read More

BJR Case Rep 2016 2;2(2):20150447. Epub 2016 May 2.

Department of Pathology, Columbia Asia Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Mucormycosis is a rare, potentially fatal and opportunistic infection caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales. Rhinocerebral, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cutaneous and disseminated are the different forms of mucormycosis. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is the most common type and presents as a highly destructive infection in immunocompromised hosts, especially in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Read More

BJR Case Rep 2016 1;2(2):20150448. Epub 2016 May 1.

Department of Pathology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, India.

Angioinvasive rhinocerebral mucormycosis is an acute fulminant infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales that targets uncontrolled diabetics and other immunosupressed individuals. Early imaging features of angioinvasiveness include the presence of thrombosed vessels, especially in the orbital regions and the "black turbinate" sign representing devitalized paranasal sinus mucosa. Intracranial extension carries a grave prognosis, with death reported in 90% of cases. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016 Mar 6;6:87-91. Epub 2016 Feb 6.

Infectious Diseases Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González" of the Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Gonzalitos Y Madero SN, Mitras Centro, Monterrey, CP 64460, NL, Mexico.

Mucormycosis is a life-threatening disease, were rhinocerebral infection is most commonly seen in the clinical setting. Chronic mucormycosis is a rare presentation that exhibits a challenging diagnosis. We describe the case of a 47 year old diabetic man with complains of left zygomatic arch swelling of 3 months evolution. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015 Sep-Dec;19(3):375-8

Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Santa Creu and Sant Pau Hospital, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic acute fungal infection with a high mortality rate seen in immunocompromised patients. It is extremely rare in heart transplant recipients. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RM) is the most frequently observed presentation. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2016 Mar-Apr;37(2):152-5. Epub 2015 Dec 9.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar St, Suite 204, Los Angeles CA, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: To report a case of acute invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and diabetes mellitus. To provide a literature review on the role of Isavuconazole in the management of invasive Mucorales rhinosinusitis.

Methods: A literature review was conducted on August 9, 2015 using PubMed database. Read More

Mycoses 2016 Jul 15;59(7):402-15. Epub 2016 Feb 15.

Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Fungi in the order Mucorales cause acute, invasive and frequently fatal infections in susceptible patients. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported mucormycosis cases during the last 25 years in Iran. After a comprehensive literature search, we identified 98 cases in Iran from 1990-2015. Read More

Iran J Neurol 2015 Oct;14(4):222-4

Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

J Pharm Pract 2017 Apr 8;30(2):261-265. Epub 2016 Jul 8.

4 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

We describe the first successful case of posaconazole salvage therapy for mucormycosis with concomitant sirolimus (SRL) maintenance immunosuppression following liver transplantation, despite black box drug interaction following intolerance to first-line tacrolimus and amphotericin due to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This case describes a 55-year-old female who developed rhinocerebral mucormycosis 108 days after liver transplantation. After 3 months of posaconazole therapy, the patient remains free of disease at 3 years posttransplant. Read More