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J Pak Med Assoc 2021 Apr;71(4):1175-1180

Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Objective: To investigate the association of receptor for advanced glycation end products gene polymorphism 429T/C (rs1800625) with diabetic retinopathy and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 at Pakistan Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi, and the Multidisciplinary Laboratories of Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University (RIU), Islamabad, Pakistan. Those included were healthy controls in group A, diabetics without retinopathy in group B and patients having diabetic retinopathy in group C. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Cologne Image Reading Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Purpose: Ranibizumab monotherapy showed stronger effects on area of retinal neovascularization (NV) reduction while offering better visual acuity (VA) results than panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) monotherapy during the first 12 months of the PRIDE study. The second year of PRIDE was an observational, non-interventional follow-up, performed to evaluate long-term anatomical and functional outcomes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients under real-life conditions, prior to the approval of ranibizumab for PDR.

Methods: Seventy-three PDR patients (28 from the ranibizumab group; 20 from the PRP group; 25 from the combination group) were included in the observational follow-up phase and treated at the investigators discretion. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Jun 11;11(1):12382. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

The fatty acid-binding protein4 (FABP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) play key roles in the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), respectively. To identify FABP4 in vitreous fluid in PDR, vitreous concentrations of FABP4 (V-FABP4) and VEGFA (V-VEGFA) from PDR (n = 20) and non-PDR (n = 20) patients were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays. The data, which included height and weight, systemic blood pressures, several blood biochemical parameters and blood flow at the optic nerve head (ONH) by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were collected. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jun 3;13(6):e15420. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Ophthalmology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR.

Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a cause of blindness in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and remains a clinical challenge. It results from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which occurs in cases of severe retinal ischemia. Early detection and immediate comprehensive management, including early surgical intervention, are essential to maintain good intraocular pressure (IOP) control and achieve the best visual outcome, as presented in this case. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021 May;10(6)

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

Purpose: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious ocular disease that can lead to retinal microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. To date, no studies have explored PDR development by analyzing the aqueous humor (AH). Therefore we carried out tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic quantification to compare AH protein profiles between PDR and non-PDR subjects. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021 May;10(6)

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common cause of vision loss in working age adults and presents changes in retinal vessel oxygenation and morphology. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is an association of retinal vessel oxygen saturation with vessel density (VD) and tortuosity in DR.

Methods: Ninety-five subjects were classified in the following groups: nondiabetic control (N = 25), no DR (N = 28), mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR; N = 21), moderate to severe NPDR (N = 14), or treated proliferative DR (PDR; N = 7). Read More

Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Dec;13:25158414211016105. Epub 2021 May 23.

Murray Ocular Oncology & Retina, Miami, FL, USA.

Vitreoretinal surgery has advanced extensively from the first days of vitrectomy. During the last decade, new developments in intravitreal pharmacotherapy have created new opportunities to enhance the surgical outcomes of our patients. In this article, we review and discuss some of the supporting evidence of different pharmacotherapies that may be used as an adjunct to vitrectomy for select common etiologies. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2021 May-Jun;37(3):733-739

Prof. Dr. Abdul Khaliq Naveed, FCPS, PhD. Department of Biochemistry, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Objectives: to determine the relationship of 374T/A (rs1800624) polymorphism in the gene encoding RAGE with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and serum soluble RAGE (sRAGE) level in Pakistani patients.

Methods: A case-control study, conducted from January 2017 to December 2018, involving 150 healthy controls (HC), 150 T2DM patients with no retinopathy (DNR) and 150 DR patients diagnosed by coloured fundus photography. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was used for genotyping. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021 2;14:2483-2488. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), D-dimer (D-D), and fibrinogen (FIB) in different types of diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: A total of 61 patients with diabetes, who were treated in our department between November 2017 and May 2019, were selected. According to their non-mydriatic fundus photography and fundus angiography results, patients were divided into three groups, ie, the non-DR (NDR) group (n=23), the non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group (n=17), and the proliferative DR (PDR) group (n=21). Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021 Jun;10(7)

Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine factors affecting predominantly peripheral lesion (PPL) grading, such as qualitative versus quantitative assessment, device type, and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in ultrawide field color images (UWF-CIs).

Methods: Patients with DR had UWF-CI qualitatively graded for PPL using standardized techniques and had hemorrhages/microaneurysms (H/Mas) individually annotated for quantitative PPL grading on two different ultrawide field devices.

Results: Among 791 eyes of 481 patients, 38. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 7;21(1):252. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.

Background: To describe the longitudinal changes in retinal neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) as observed on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) treated by panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

Methods: Each patient included in this prospective clinical study was newly diagnosed with PDR and NVE confirmed by both fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and OCTA. They received four sessions of PRP using a multiwavelength laser. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Jun;57(6):440-446

Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Tianjin 300384, China.

To report the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive vitrectomy for the treatment of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the effect of preoperative retinal photocoagulation on prognosis. Case-series study and cohort study. This study included 48 severe PDR patients (53 eyes). Read More

Cureus 2021 May 4;13(5):e14831. Epub 2021 May 4.

2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related lockdown in the management of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), including diabetic macular edema (DME), in a tertiary reference center in Greece Methods In this retrospective study, we first compared the number of patients who were diagnosed with DR or DME in our clinic during the period of the lockdown and during the same period of the previous year. In addition, we included consecutive patients with DR or DME, who were followed up and treated regularly in our clinic and their appointments deferred due to lockdown, so as to compare the visual acuity, fundoscopy, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings prior to and post lockdown. Results During the lockdown period, there was a statistically significant decrease in patients with DR and DME as compared to the same period in the previous year. Read More

Adv Ther 2021 Jun 5. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza 3, 00198, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the effects of 36 months of treatment with citicoline and vitamin B eye drops on macular function in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) with mild signs of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Methods: A prospective, randomized, interventional, monocentric, double-masked study was conducted. Twenty patients with DM1 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: the DC group (10 patients; mean age ± standard deviation 46. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):56-61. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between retinal capillary non-perfusion and the distribution of retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage (VL) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: Ultra-widefield angiograms of 96 eyes of 69 patients with PDR were reviewed for the proportion of non-perfused area to total gradable area, and for the presence of neovascularization and VL.

Results: Retinal neovascularization was distributed as such: neovascularization elsewhere (NVE), 57. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Background/aims: Surveillance of people with previously successfully treated diabetic macular oedema (DMO) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) adds pressure on ophthalmology services. This study evaluated a new surveillance pathway entailing multimodal imaging reviewed by trained ophthalmic graders and compared it with the current standard care (face-to-face evaluation by an ophthalmologist).

Methods: Cost analysis of the new ophthalmic grader pathway, compared with the standard of care, from the perspective of the UK National Health Service, based on evidence from the Effectiveness of Multimodal imaging for the Evaluation of Retinal oedema And new vesseLs in Diabetic retinopathy study. Read More

Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021 Jun 3. Epub 2021 Jun 3.

Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China;

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been regarded as a sight-threatening vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Accumulating evidence has identified the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in DR pathogenesis. We aim to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of linc00174 in DR process. Read More

Retina 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Purpose: To review the current literature on the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and the challenges in the real-world setting.

Methods: A review of the literature was performed on the therapeutic options for PDR, with a focus on the real-world data presented by the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES).

Results: Data from clinical trials and previous literature has reported that intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy is non-inferior to the gold standard panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for treating PDR. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2021 May 26;21(11). Epub 2021 May 26.

Information Technology Department, University of King Abdul Aziz, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a disease resulting from diabetes complications, causing non-reversible damage to retina blood vessels. DR is a leading cause of blindness if not detected early. The currently available DR treatments are limited to stopping or delaying the deterioration of sight, highlighting the importance of regular scanning using high-efficiency computer-based systems to diagnose cases early. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 28;10(11). Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.

We investigated the association between the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and hearing loss based on vascular etiology. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010-2012. Adults aged >40 years with diabetes were enrolled. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 25;10(11). Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.

Vitreous fluid is becoming an increasingly popular medium for the study of retinal disease. Numerous studies have demonstrated that proteomic analysis of the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy yields valuable molecular information regarding known and novel proteins and pathways involved in this disease. However, there is no standardized methodology for vitreous proteomic studies. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 15;10(10). Epub 2021 May 15.

AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.

Background: Analysis of retinal microaneurysm turnover (MAT) has been previously shown to contribute to the identification of eyes at risk of developing clinically significant complications associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). We propose to further characterize MAT as a predictive biomarker of DR progression and development of vision-threatening complications.

Methods: 212 individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D; ETDRS grades 20 and 35) were evaluated annually in a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study, by color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. Read More

Health Technol Assess 2021 May;25(32):1-104

Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Background: Owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the workload related to diabetic macular oedema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy is rising, making it difficult for hospital eye services to meet demands.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of a new pathway using multimodal imaging interpreted by ophthalmic graders to detect reactivation of diabetic macular oedema/proliferative diabetic retinopathy in previously treated patients.

Design: This was a prospective, case-referent, cross-sectional diagnostic study. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2021 May 31;21(1):243. Epub 2021 May 31.

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Zihni Derin Yerleşkesi - Fener Mahallesi, 53100, Merkez/Rize, Turkey.

Background: To evaluate alterations in the serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and netrin-1 after intravitreal bevacizumab (BCZ) injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: This prospective case-control study included a total of 50 participants assigned to one of three groups, including 10 individuals with DME and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 13 with DME, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and 27 healthy individuals as a control group. Serum VEGF and netrin-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) immediately before, as well as 1 week and 1 month after, intravitreal BCZ injection. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021 May 29;177:108875. Epub 2021 May 29.

Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Hatay, Turkey.

Aims: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is the most common cause of impaired vision for adults. DR is related to a number of risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burden of coronary artery disease assessed by Syntax Score (SS) and DR in T2DM. Read More

Mol Biotechnol 2021 May 31. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.

Retinal diseases are the primary reasons for severe visual defects and irreversible blindness. Retinal diseases are also inherited and acquired. Both of them are caused by mutations in genes or disruptions in specific gene expression, which can be treated by gene-editing therapy. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2021 Apr-Jun;16(2):287-290. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

The off-label, therapeutic use of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in vascular retinal diseases such as diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) has increased significantly due to its ability to reduce retinal neovascularization and slow progression of disease. Here, we will review the literature and investigative developments on the use of IVB as a preoperative adjuvant to vitrectomy in severe PDR, specifically focusing on its ability to reduce intra- and postoperative complications and its risk for progression or development of traction retinal detachment. In particular, this review will highlight the natural progression of evidence from case series and observations to prospective, randomized clinical trials. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Jul 21;22(1):790. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy.

Curcumin [1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione], the main component of turmeric (, a flowering plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae), is known to possess different pharmacological activities, particularly anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Since an underlying inflammatory process exists in several ocular conditions, such as anterior uveitis, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the aim of the present review was to summarize the pleiotropic effects exerted by this molecule, focusing in particular on its beneficial role in retinal diseases. The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin has also been described in numerous systemic inflammatory pathologies and tumors. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021 21;14:2291-2308. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by retinal vascular endothelial cell death and vascular inflammation, which are microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Salusin-β, a newly identified peptide, is closely associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the exact role of salusin-β in high glucose (HG)-induced retinal capillary endothelial cell (REC) inflammation and apoptosis remains unclear. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.

Purpose: To quantitatively and morphologically document enlarged neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) using widefield swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with vitreoretinal interface (VRI) slab images.

Design: Retrospective observational imaging study.

Participants: The study included 46 NVEs in 25 eyes of 21 consecutive patients who presented with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with NVEs between March 2018 and June 2020 at Osaka University Hospital. Read More