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Am J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Panhandle Eye Group, 7400 Fleming Ave., Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA; Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1400 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas 79106, USA.

Purpose: To compare vitreous substitution with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas to balanced salt solution (BSS) for the prevention of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the indication of non-clearing VH.

Methods: One hundred and forty-four PDR subjects requiring PPV for the indication of non-clearing VH were enrolled into the trial. Subjects were prospectively randomized into one of two vitreous substitution groups: Group A subjects underwent 20-30% SF6 gas tamponade, whereas Group B subjects underwent vitreous substitution with BSS. Read More

Front Mol Biosci 2022 9;9:871291. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.

To reveal molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Asians and facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets through untargeted metabolomics. To determine the differences in serum metabolites and metabolic pathways between different stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and proliferative DR (PDR) and non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and identify differential metabolites between T2DM and DR (NPDR and PDR) patients. This prospective observational registration study described the differential metabolites between 45 T2DM patients and 15 control cases with no significant differences in clinical characteristics. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 Jun 7;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China.

Vitreomacular interface plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of vitreomacular interface disorders (VMID) in PDR. The macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 493 eyes from 378 PDR patients were retrospectively reviewed to detect VMID, including vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), epiretinal membrane (ERM), lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP), and macular hole (MH). Read More

Biomedicines 2022 Jun 14;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disease of the retina and a serious complication of type I and type II diabetes mellitus. DR affects working-age populations and can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated. The standard of care for proliferative DR is inhibiting VEGF. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: To test the hypothesis that elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and lipoprotein (a) (LPA) contribute to diabetic retinopathy (DR) associated with dysregulated lipid profile, dyslipidaemia, and kidney function.

Methods: A total of 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Patients were categorized into those with no DR (DM), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 11;27:101615. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.

Purpose: To report our findings in a case that had an accumulation of a translucent fluid between the intraocular lens (IOL) and posterior lens capsule one day after vitrectomy for a vitreous hemorrhage.

Observations: A 67-year-old woman was diagnosed with diabetes 20 years before the vitrectomy and was treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 14 years earlier. She underwent cataract surgery with an implantation of an IOL 4 years earlier. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022 Jun;11(6):17

Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.

Purpose: Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is an axonal guidance molecule that inhibits angiogenesis by vasorepulsion and blocks revascularization in the ischemic retina. BI-X is an intravitreal anti-Sema3A agent under clinical investigation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular ischemia (DMI).

Methods: Surface plasmon resonance was used to determine binding affinity of BI-X to human and murine Sema3A. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 27;9:776855. Epub 2022 May 27.

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) accounts for severe impact on vision, its mechanism is still poorly understood. To compare the differences of vitreous protein profiles in PDR patients before and after a complete anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loading dose with ranibizumab treatment. Twelve vitreous humor (VH) samples were collected from six PDR patients before (set as pre group) and after (set as post group) intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) treatment. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 1;9:788573. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Eye Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou, China.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of high myopia and cataract surgery on the grading of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and their roles in the correlation between DR and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: A total of 1,063 eyes of 1,063 diabetic patients were enrolled. We conducted binary and multiple multivariate regressions to analyze the ocular and systemic risk factors of DR. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 17;8(1):41. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Background: Noninfectious endophthalmitis may be misdiagnosed, leading to serious clinical implications. So far, its causative factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the role of silicone oil and syringe agitation in the development of inflammation after intravitreal injection of aflibercept. Read More

Exp Eye Res 2022 Jun 14;222:109152. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 YiYuan Street, NanGang District, Harbin, 150001, China.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious blinding complication of diabetes. At present, the therapeutic intervention effect is limited. We aimed to investigate the circRNA expression profiles in retinal proliferative fibrovascular membranes of patients with DR and explore the effect of circFAT1 on pyroptosis and autophagy of high glucose (HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and its molecualr mechanism. Read More

Front Public Health 2022 31;10:906760. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Background: The relationship between uric acid (UA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains ambiguous, and the results of current studies on the UA levels in patients with DR are conflicting. A meta-analysis was performed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between UA levels and DR.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until December 11, 2021 to identify eligible studies, that compared the UA levels of the case group (patients with DR) and control group (controls with diabetes and healthy participants). Read More

PLoS One 2022 15;17(6):e0269231. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America.

Purpose: Inadequacies in healthcare access and utilization substantially impact outcomes for diabetic patients. The All of Us database offers extensive survey data pertaining to social determinants that is not routinely available in electronic health records. This study assesses whether social determinants were associated with an increased risk of developing proliferative diabetic retinopathy or related complications (e. Read More

Diabetol Int 2022 Jul 25;13(3):575-579. Epub 2022 Jan 25.

Advanced Medical Care Center, Omi Medical Center, Kusatsu, 525-8585 Japan.

We describe the multimodal management of a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema associated with active acromegaly. A 61-year-old Japanese female who had had type 2 diabetic mellitus for > 10 years complained of deteriorated eyesight. She had distinct acromegalic features, and her visual acuity was 0. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 25;9:873483. Epub 2022 May 25.

Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Purpose: Tear fluid biomarkers may offer a non-invasive strategy for detecting diabetic patients with increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) or increased disease progression, thus helping both improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assessed the tear fluid of nondiabetic individuals, diabetic patients with no DR, and diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or with proliferative DR (PDR) to find putative biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of DR.

Methods: Tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer test strips from a cohort with 12 controls and 54 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and bead-based multiplex assay. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 27;13:841813. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Backgrounds: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), is the major cause of irreversible blindness in the working-age population. Increasing evidence indicates that immune cells and the inflammatory microenvironment play an important role during PDR development. Herein, we aim to explore the immune landscape of PDR and then identify potential biomarkers correlated with specific infiltrating immune cells. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022 Aug 16;617(Pt 2):69-76. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China. Electronic address:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a key reason for legal blindness worldwide. Currently, it is urgently necessary to determine the etiology and pathological molecular mechanism of DR to search for resultful therapies. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is inhibitive for canonical Wnt signaling via negative feedback, and has been reported as a biomarker for DR. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 11;8(1):39. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India.

Background: To assess the association of lipid and lipid-derived toxic molecules in pathogenesis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 14 healthy individuals (HC) without T2DM, 22 T2DM subjects without DR (DNR), 24 T2DM subjects with mild non-proliferative DR (MNPDR), and 24 T2DM subjects with high-risk proliferative DR (HRPDR). All subjects underwent plasma and vitreous analysis for estimation of total lipid (TL), free fatty acid (FFA), lipid peroxides (LPOs) like malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-Hydroxy-noneal (HNE), the advanced lipoxidation end product (ALE) like Hexanoyl-lysine (HLY) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following standard spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods respectively. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2022 31;2022:3156642. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of secondary full-thickness macular hole (MH) after diabetic vitrectomy (DV) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: In this retrospective, observational, and longitudinal study, we enrolled consecutive patients with PDR who developed MH after DV. The macular structure was evaluated using optical coherence tomography. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 9;22(1):258. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, OYS, Finland.

Background: The treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) has revolutionized during the last 15 years after the introduction of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the real-world visual outcomes of diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in long-term follow-up.

Methods: A real-world, descriptive, population-based cohort and follow-up of all patients with T1D and DME in 2006-2020 in 34 communities of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 1;27:101604. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Purpose: To report a case of a 42-year-old male with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) complicated by tractional retinal detachments (TRD) bilaterally with a rare finding on B-scan ultrasonography.

Observations: On B-scan ultrasound, a total combined rhegmatogenous-TRD was observed, accompanied by extensive retinal macrocysts that appeared nearly confluent for 360°.

Conclusions And Importance: Retinal macrocysts are rare but important clinical entities that help drive management, as their presence typically suggests a chronic retinal detachment. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 19;21(1):681-688. Epub 2022 Mar 19.

Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background: Various studies suggest that oxidative stress has a role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Detection of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in ocular fluid may provide the possible biomarkers for monitoring the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to compare catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and MDA levels in tears among diabetic patients with and without DR. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 10;21(1):399-406. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy, which is a common complication of diabetes, is one of the most common reasons of blindness in adults. There are several potential risk factors for diabetic retinopathy such as hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), high fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Yet, ethnicity is another factor which may contribute to diabetic retinopathy regardless of the potential risk factors mentioned. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 7;8(1):35. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Division of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of retinal photography obtained by undergraduate students using a smartphone-based device in screening and early diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We carried out an open prospective study with ninety-nine diabetic patients (194 eyes), who were submitted to an ophthalmological examination in which undergraduate students registered images of the fundus using a smartphone-based device. At the same occasion, an experienced nurse captured fundus photographs from the same patients using a gold standard tabletop camera system (Canon CR-2 Digital Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera), with a 45º field of view. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. Read More

J Diabetes Res 2022 28;2022:4663221. Epub 2022 May 28.

Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Purpose: To identify the causes and risk factors of repeated hospitalization among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Our study retrospectively examined the data of DR patients who were readmitted for treatments to the Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital between January 2012 and July 2021. We first analyzed the main causes of repeated admissions and then divided the patients into three groups according to the times of readmissions. Read More

Front Nutr 2022 19;9:890277. Epub 2022 May 19.

Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

The essential fatty acids (EFA), n3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and n6 linoleic acid (LA) are of benefit in diabetes mellitus, but their mechanisms of action are unknown. We, therefore, examined the effects of EFAs on the metabolism, gut microbiota, and inflammatory and retinal histopathology indices in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) animals, and we assessed the levels of vitreal lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-derived from LA-in subjects with diabetic retinopathy (DR). STZ-induced T1DM rats received LA or ALA 100 μg/day intraperitoneally on alternate days for 21 days, and their blood glucose; lipid profile; plasma, hepatic, and retinal fatty acid profiles (by gas chromatography); retinal histology; activities of hepatic and retinal desaturases; and inflammatory markers (by qRT-PCR) were evaluated. Read More

World J Diabetes 2022 May;13(5):408-416

Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that can severely affect the patients' vision, eventually leading to blindness. DR is the most important manifestation of diabetic micro-vasculopathy and is mainly related to the course of diabetes and the degree of blood glucose control, while the age of diabetes onset, sex, and type of diabetes have little influence on it.

Aim: To explore the changes in blood oxygen saturation and oxidative stress indices of retinal vessels in patients with DR. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022 Sep 24;27:101594. Epub 2022 May 24.

UC Davis Eye Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Purpose: To describe an unexpected and atypical transvitreal and subretinal fibrinoid reaction following vitrectomy for non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Observations: A 58-year-old woman with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage underwent combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and vitrectomy in the right eye. Two months later she underwent staged phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation followed by vitrectomy in the left eye. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address:

Purpose: To evaluate the sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters for detecting clinically referable eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Subjects: Patients with DM with various levels of DR. Read More