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EClinicalMedicine 2022 Jul 20;49:101463. Epub 2022 May 20.

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Diabetes significantly increases the risk of postoperative macular edema (PME) after cataract surgery, leading to potential worst post-operative outcomes. This study aims to compare the effect of different prophylactic interventions in improving postoperative anatomic and visual acuity outcomes of diabetes patients who underwent cataract surgery.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science databases from inception until February 2nd, 2022, for studies including studies reporting PME events and/or best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: To test the hypothesis that elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and lipoprotein (a) (LPA) contribute to diabetic retinopathy (DR) associated with dysregulated lipid profile, dyslipidaemia, and kidney function.

Methods: A total of 83 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Patients were categorized into those with no DR (DM), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). Read More

Age Ageing 2022 Jun;51(6)

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Background: active screening can improve health outcomes for people with prediabetes. However, its efficacy in older adults remains uncertain.

Objective: the study aimed to analyse the progression from prediabetes to diabetes in older adults, including associated complications and mortality rates, to determine the benefits of active screening. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 21;8(1):44. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.

Background: MMP-9 plays a prominent role in inflammation and MMP-14 take part in angiogenesis. The objective of this study is to compare MMP-9 and MMP-14 levels between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods: The patients who scheduled for pars plana vitrectomy were included in our study. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022 06 1;53(6):317-324. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Background And Objective: To determine whether quantification of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) can be used as a biomarker for predicting visual prognosis in routine clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective, nonrandomized cohort study review of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration from January 1, 2012, to March 1, 2018.

Results: In the 286-patient cohort, the mean baseline, 6-month, and 12-month best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 60. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2022 May;10(10):562

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the most common causes of visual impairment and blindness. However, it is not yet known how abnormal retinal cell subpopulations contribute to disease progression.

Methods: In this study, we used the Gene Expression Omnibus database to construct a single-cell atlas of DR and healthy samples to explore changes in the abundance of different cell subpopulations, and identify the molecular pathways potentially involved in DR. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2022 May;10(10):556

Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

Background: To investigate the mechanism of transthyretin (TTR) induced high expression of circ_0007411 and its parent gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 () in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRECs) cultivated under high glucose condition.

Methods: The levels of , circ_0007411, miR-548m, S-phase kinase associated protein 1 () and epidermal growth factor receptor () were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The direct interaction between circ_0007411/ and miR-548m was investigated via Dual-luciferase reporter assay. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2022 May;10(10):587

College of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.

Background: To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of genipin (GE) on mitochondrial damage in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells induced by high glucose.

Methods: Differential genes of GE in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) were screened by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential genes located in the pathway were obtained. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 3;13:871272. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of most common complications of diabetes. Recently, the classical phenotype of DKD, which is characterized by albuminuria preceding renal insufficiency, has been challenged since a subset of diabetic patients with renal insufficiency but without albuminuria has been increasingly reported. However, the available evidence is inconsistent. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2022 Jun 18;22(1):162. Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Pi Research Consultancy Center, Dhaka, 1211, Bangladesh.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising at a rapid rate worldwide. As a chronic, incurable metabolic disease, diabetes affects a person's life in all ways. Studies thus far have focused on the impact of diabetes on the physical and mental health of persons affected by the quality of life (QoL). Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 17;8(1):41. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Background: Noninfectious endophthalmitis may be misdiagnosed, leading to serious clinical implications. So far, its causative factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the role of silicone oil and syringe agitation in the development of inflammation after intravitreal injection of aflibercept. Read More

Stem Cell Res Ther 2022 Jun 17;13(1):258. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.

Background: Endothelial damage is an initial step of macro- and micro-vasculature dysfunctions in diabetic patients, accounting for a high incidence of diabetic vascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. However, clinic lacks effective therapeutics targeting diabetic vascular complications. In field of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells, such as human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hucMSCs), have great potential in treating tissue damage. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 17;8(1):40. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Retinol and α-tocopherol of diabetic models prevent the damage of photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) caused by hyperglycemia.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of retinol and α-tocopherol on photoreceptor and RGC densities and the expression of caspase-3 and -7 on the retinal layers of the diabetic rat model. Read More

JMIR Res Protoc 2022 Jun 17;11(6):e31652. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.

Background: Chronic diseases are a substantial public health issue worldwide and affect an individual's quality of life. Due to the alarming rise in type 2 diabetes, health care that was primarily focused on diagnosis and treatment of the disease is increasingly focused on prevention and self-care. Patients who adhere to a constant and strict treatment regimen (physical activity, diet, medication) and regularly monitor their health are more likely to maintain self-care and health, prevent the exacerbation of the disease, and avoid the complications of diabetes (retinopathy, diabetic feet, etc). Read More

Front Public Health 2022 31;10:906760. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Background: The relationship between uric acid (UA) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains ambiguous, and the results of current studies on the UA levels in patients with DR are conflicting. A meta-analysis was performed to provide a better understanding of the relationship between UA levels and DR.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched until December 11, 2021 to identify eligible studies, that compared the UA levels of the case group (patients with DR) and control group (controls with diabetes and healthy participants). Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 13. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.183, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is still the fastest growing cause of blindness in working aged adults, and its typical characteristics are endothelial cell dysfunction and pericytes loss. Transcription factor fork head box P1 (FOXP1) is a member of FOX family involved in diabetes progression and is expressed in endothelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of FOXP1 in DR. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 27;9:774216. Epub 2022 May 27.

State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Guangzhou, China.

Background: The relationship between obesity and diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association of generalized obesity [assessed by body mass index (BMI)] and abdominal obesity [assessed by waist to hip ratio (WHR)] with incident DR, and vision-threatening DR (VTDR), and DR progression among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM).

Method: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, from November 2017 to December 2020. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022 26;13:907340. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of General Surgery, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China.

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to explore the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) and ocular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Springer were searched for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T2DM patients treated with SGLT-2i versus placebo or other hypoglycemic agents published prior to August 2021. The primary outcome of this meta-analysis was incidence of ocular diseases, which was assessed using risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Read More

Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Bionic Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Background: The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network plays important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. This study aimed to construct a ceRNA network related to exosomes in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We explored the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and then analyzed the RNAs of samples to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), miRNAs (DEMs) and mRNAs (DEGs) alongside the progress of DR. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 11;8(1):39. Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College Campus, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India.

Background: To assess the association of lipid and lipid-derived toxic molecules in pathogenesis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: The present cross-sectional study included 14 healthy individuals (HC) without T2DM, 22 T2DM subjects without DR (DNR), 24 T2DM subjects with mild non-proliferative DR (MNPDR), and 24 T2DM subjects with high-risk proliferative DR (HRPDR). All subjects underwent plasma and vitreous analysis for estimation of total lipid (TL), free fatty acid (FFA), lipid peroxides (LPOs) like malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-Hydroxy-noneal (HNE), the advanced lipoxidation end product (ALE) like Hexanoyl-lysine (HLY) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following standard spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods respectively. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 9;22(1):258. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, 90029, Oulu, OYS, Finland.

Background: The treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) has revolutionized during the last 15 years after the introduction of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the real-world visual outcomes of diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in long-term follow-up.

Methods: A real-world, descriptive, population-based cohort and follow-up of all patients with T1D and DME in 2006-2020 in 34 communities of the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 19;21(1):681-688. Epub 2022 Mar 19.

Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Background: Various studies suggest that oxidative stress has a role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. Detection of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in ocular fluid may provide the possible biomarkers for monitoring the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of this study was to compare catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and MDA levels in tears among diabetic patients with and without DR. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 21;21(1):1047-1054. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Vision and Eye Research institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University Young Street, Cambridge, CB1 2LZ UK.

Background: Diabetes mellitus can cause several long-term macrovascular and microvascular complications including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy (DR). Several studies have reported positive associations between eating pathologies and DR; however, these studies have not been aggregated and sub-grouped into type of pathological eating behaviour, and the differences in risk according to type of eating behaviour is unknown. The aim of this review, therefore, was to aggregate risks of DR in populations with and without pathological eating behaviours, stratified according to eating behaviour. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 10;21(1):399-406. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy, which is a common complication of diabetes, is one of the most common reasons of blindness in adults. There are several potential risk factors for diabetic retinopathy such as hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), high fasting blood sugar (FBS), and high Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Yet, ethnicity is another factor which may contribute to diabetic retinopathy regardless of the potential risk factors mentioned. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022 Jun 26;21(1):1177-1184. Epub 2022 May 26.

Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Young Street, Cambridge, CB1 2LZ UK.

Background: Vitamin D levels have been shown to be associated with diabetic retinopathy, however to date, no review has examined the relationship between vitamin D and sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) and non-sight threatening diabetic retinopathy (NSTDR). The aim of this review, therefore, was to pool associations between vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL) and STDR/NSTDR. A further aim was to examine associations between circulating 25(OH)D levels and STDR/NSTDR. Read More

Int J Retina Vitreous 2022 Jun 7;8(1):35. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Division of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 3900, Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of retinal photography obtained by undergraduate students using a smartphone-based device in screening and early diagnosing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: We carried out an open prospective study with ninety-nine diabetic patients (194 eyes), who were submitted to an ophthalmological examination in which undergraduate students registered images of the fundus using a smartphone-based device. At the same occasion, an experienced nurse captured fundus photographs from the same patients using a gold standard tabletop camera system (Canon CR-2 Digital Non-Mydriatic Retinal Camera), with a 45º field of view. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2022 Jun 7. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, St. Michael's Hospital/Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, where in its most advanced form ischemic changes lead to the development of retinal neovascularization, termed proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). While the development of PDR is often associated with angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines, studies differ on which cytokines are implicated in disease pathogenesis and on the strength of these associations. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the existing body of data on intraocular cytokines as biomarkers in PDR. Read More

PeerJ 2022 31;10:e13375. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ning Xia Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Ningxia Clinical Research Center on Diseases of Blindness in Eye), Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.

Background: Herein, we aimed to present evidence that Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic acid, can alleviate high glucose (HG)-induced retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell apoptosis and protect retina in db/db mice.

Methods: ARPE-19 cells (a human RPE cell line) were divided into four groups: control group; HG group (30 mmol/L glucose); HG+FA group (30 mmol/L glucose and 10 mmol/L FA). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 and Annexin-5 staining, respectively. Read More

J Diabetes 2022 Jun 6;14(6):365-376. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Greater lipid variability may cause adverse health events among diabetic patients. We aimed to examine the effect of lipid variability on the risk of diabetic microvascular outcomes among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: We assessed the association between visit-to-visit variability (measured by variability independent of mean) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride, and remnant cholesterol (RC) measurements among participants involved in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study and the risk of incident microvascular outcomes, including nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Read More

Eye Vis (Lond) 2022 Jun 7;9(1):20. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

College of Medical Technology of Xi'an Medical University, No.1 Xinwang Road, Xi'an, 710021, Shaanxi, China.

Background: To investigate the effect of ghrelin, a brain-gut peptide hormone, on high glucose-induced retinal angiogenesis in vitro and explore its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Methods: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were first divided into control and high-glucose groups, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the receptor for ghrelin [growth hormone secretin receptor 1a, (GHSR-1a)] in cells were determined. HRMECs were then treated with high glucose alone or in combination with ghrelin or siGHSR-1a, and cell viability, migration, tube formation and the expression of the ER stress-related proteins PERK, ATF4 and CHOP were detected. Read More