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Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 20;78:103842. Epub 2022 May 20.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O 3050, Doha, Qatar.

Background And Introduction: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major health problem since discovery of the virus in 1981. Globally, since introduction of antiretroviral therapy, AIDS-related mortality was reduced by 47% since 2010. Also, HIV-related opportunistic infections (OIs) became less common, especially with use of prophylaxis to prevent such infections. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 25;12:900154. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Delayed immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is significantly associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The aim of this study was to observe the recovery trend of peripheral lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulins in HSCT recipients who developed CMV retinitis (CMVR).

Methods: We identified 37 CMVR cases and 303 non-CMVR controls in this case-control study from a database of 404 consecutive severe aplastic anemia patients who received allogeneic HSCT at a single center between 2015 and 2020. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Jun;70(6):2090-2093

Department of Uvea, SankaraNethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to the clinical characteristics of patients with viral retinitis.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: Aqueous or vitreous samples of 20 out of 35 eyes showed qRT-PCR positivity for virus etiology (57. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2022 May 24:9564624221100941. Epub 2022 May 24.

125822National University of Trujillo, Trujillo, Perú.

To determine efficacy of mydriatic-digital images (MDI) when screening retinal complications in people living with HIV, in this study, a consecutive series of 79 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were evaluated. Two series of MDI were taken: - macula and optic nerve - nine gaze fields, which findings were compared with those obtained by a retina specialist. Both examiners were unaware of each other's results. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2022 May 18. Epub 2022 May 18.

Département d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris VI, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 27;9:807013. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Purpose: To delineate the characteristics and treatment of cytomegalovirus-immune recovery retinitis (CMV-IRR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with immune recovery under effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen.

Methods: We reported four patients with HIV who were diagnosed with CMV-IRR soon after effective HAART. Plasma levels of CD4 T cells, HAART regimen, and other clinical and laboratory characteristics of the four patients were described. Read More

Hematology 2022 Dec;27(1):535-542

Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

Objectives: Bendamustine is a standard treatment for low-grade B-cell lymphomas, and considered safe in clinical trials. Its safety in routine practice might be different.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the infection complications in an unselected cohort of patients treated with bendamustine over a nine-year period. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 05 10;12(1):7617. Epub 2022 May 10.

ICMR-NICED Virus Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, GB4, ID & BG Hospital Campus, Dr. S.C Banerjee road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700010, India.

During advanced HIV infection, Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been proven to produce devitalizing end-organ diseases (EOD). The interactive co-existence of HIV and HCMV has been reported by many researchers and has been suggested to be linked with a more aggressive disease state. This study has been designed to bring forward an assessment of the clinical risk factors capable of defining the conditions of HCMV induced retinitis and gastro-enteric diseases among HIV1 seropositive patients. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2022 May 8;97(5):251-263. Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander - FOSCAL, Santander, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia.

Background: Non-infectious retinal disease, even in the HAART era, continues to be one of the most common diagnoses in patients with HIV, with prevalences of up to 27% of cases. This study aims to characterize the association between demographic variables and their role. As a risk factor for the development of non-opportunistic non-infectious retinal disease in patients with HIV/AIDS. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 May 3:11206721221098880. Epub 2022 May 3.

Ophthalmology Unit, 9370University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Purpose: To report a case of possible multi-district thromboembolic event involving the eye of a patient with several cardiovascular risk factors, following a second inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 m-RNA based vaccine.

Case-report: A 60-year-old man presented with blurred vision in the left eye lasting 1 month but started within 24 hours from the 2 dose of BNT162b2 vaccine inoculation. He also reported a long-lasting but self-limiting priapism which started about 4 h after the vaccination. Read More

Ann Eye Sci 2022 Mar;7

Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an opportunistic infection that has traditionally affected those who have HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressed individuals. CMV retinitis previously infected one-third of AIDS patients in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, but since HAART, Western countries have seen an 80% decrease in the incidence of the disease. More recently, CMV retinitis has been reported in patients who are immunosuppressed, often due to chemotherapy or immunomodulatory medications. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Apr 23. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.

Purpose: To investigate the ocular manifestation changes in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patents in a tertiary eye clinic in China over the past 18 years.

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 264 HIV/AIDS patients (528 eyes) were recruited at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from 2001 to 2018. Patients underwent ophthalmic examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp microscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy, and completed a registration form including demographic characteristics, medical history, and immune status data. Read More

Viruses 2022 04 14;14(4). Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, 25000 Besançon, France.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that alternates lytic and latent infection, infecting between 40 and 95% of the population worldwide, usually without symptoms. During its lytic cycle, HCMV can result in fever, asthenia, and, in some cases, can lead to severe symptoms such as hepatitis, pneumonitis, meningitis, retinitis, and severe cytomegalovirus disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Usually, the host immune response keeps the virus in a latent stage, although HCMV can reactivate in an inflammatory context, which could result in sequential lytic/latent viral cycles during the lifetime and thereby participate in the HCMV genomic diversity in humans and the high level of HCMV intrahost genomic variability. Read More

Retina 2022 Apr 11. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of ophthalmology, Faculty of medicine, Khon Kaen University.

Propose: A screening protocol for cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) by fundus photography was generated and the diagnostic accuracy of machine learning technology for CMVR screening in HIV patients was investigated.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-five eyes of ninety HIV positive patients were enrolled and evaluated for CMVR with binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Then, a single central field of the fundus image was recorded from each eye. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2022 04 4;36(2):171-179. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea.

Cureus 2022 Mar 9;14(3):e23002. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU.

The purpose of this case report was to present a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) post-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. A 43-year-old female patient who was complaining of metamorphopsia and sudden blurring in the vision of her left eye was referred to the ophthalmology department. The patient had DLBCL and was started on systemic chemotherapy, which showed no response to therapy and disease progression. Read More

South Afr J HIV Med 2022 8;23(1):1322. Epub 2022 Mar 8.

Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences Management, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa.

Background: South Africa's public antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme has undergone progressive changes since its introduction in 2004. The effect of this on the burden of the AIDS-defining opportunistic infection, cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), in SA, has not been fully appreciated.

Objectives: To determine the effect of ART availability in the public sector of SA on the trend in the number of cases of newly diagnosed CMVR over time. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):13-19. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, SP Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.

Background: Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) causes a wide spectrum of diseases worldwide and has the capability to affect every organ system in the body. Ocular manifestations have been reported in up to 70% of individuals infected with HIV and the ocular manifestations reflect systemic disease and maybe the first sign of disseminated infection.

Purpose: To study the pattern of ocular manifestations related to HIV in seropositive patients with the objective of identifying its spectrum in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and to emphasize on the role of ophthalmologists in fighting the battle against HIV. Read More

Oman J Ophthalmol 2022 Jan-Apr;15(1):1-2. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Ophthalmology Residency Program, Oman Medical Speciality Board, Muscat, Oman.

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 15;12:870296. Epub 2022 Mar 15.

Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a severe, vision-threatening opportunistic infection in an immunodeficient population. Reports on cytomegalovirus retinitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients due to severe aplastic anemia have been scant. This study assessed the risk of cytomegalovirus retinitis in relation to the pre-transplant status of severe aplastic anemia patients. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 21;14(2):e22455. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Medicine/Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, SAU.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be a reason for severe disease in immunocompromised patients, either via the reactivation of latent CMV infection or via the acquisition of primary CMV infection. Clinical syndromes that may be observed are retinitis, colitis, esophagitis, encephalitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, uveitis, and graft rejection following transplantation. The simultaneous occurrence of CMV colitis and retinitis as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is extremely rare. Read More

Cureus 2022 Feb 5;14(2):e21947. Epub 2022 Feb 5.

Ophthalmology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, MYS.

A 60-year-old Aboriginal man with underlying severe exfoliative dermatitis, treated with oral azathioprine and oral prednisolone, presented with left painful red eye for ten days. On initial presentation, left eye vision was poor at hand motion. There was corneal endotheliitis over the left eye with severe anterior chamber inflammation obscuring the fundus view. Read More

Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022 Mar 7. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Shree Goraksha College of Pharmacy & Research Centre, Khamgaon, 431151, Maharashtra, India.

Valganciclovir HCl (VGH) is the widely used drug for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis infection with an induction dose of 900 mg per oral (p.o.) twice a day and a maintenance dose of 900 mg (p. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2022 Mar 4:11206721221086154. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Advanced Eye Centre, 29751Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India.

Purpose: To describe a young male with bilateral sequential Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) as the presenting feature of Dyskeratosis Congenita.

Case Report: A 25-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative male developed CMVR in his left eye, while on a three week course of oral valganciclovir therapy for CMV retinitis in his right eye. Systemic examination revealed reticular hypopigmentation of the forearms, dystrophic nails, oral leukoplakia and complete blood counts showed pancytopenia. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Mar 2;15(3). Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a clinical syndrome featuring severe vitritis and occlusive vasculitis characterised by full thickness necrotising retinitis. ARN is usually caused by an acute infection by either varicella zoster virus or herpes simplex virus, rarely cytomegalovirus (CMV). ARN often occurs in healthy adults; occasionally affecting immunocompromised patients with poor prognosis including significant visual loss and detachment of the atrophic retina regardless of antiviral treatment. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Feb 2;12(2). Epub 2022 Feb 2.

University Eye Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: The Acute Retinal Necrosis (ARN) is an inflammatory, rapidly progressive necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis, most frequently caused by Varicella-Zoster-Virus (VZV), followed by Herpes-Simplex-Virus (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV). The diagnosis is based on clinical signs that were first defined by the American Uveitis Society in 1994 that include one or more foci of retinal necrosis, rapid progression without treatment, circumferential progression, occlusive vasculopathy, and inflammatory signs of the vitreous and anterior chamber Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 16 eyes of 10 patients, six patients with simultaneous or delayed bilateral affection, treated for ARN. Status of disease, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA, decimal), intraocular pressure (IOP), pathogen proof, therapy, and complications were evaluated at diagnosis and 3 months later. Read More

Curr Oncol 2022 01 24;29(2):490-496. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a rare end-organ disease of CMV infection and is a marker of severe immunosuppression, especially in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. In multiple myeloma (MM) patients, CMV retinitis has been reported in the post-transplant setting, with an incidence lower than 0.2%, and in patients receiving lenalidomide. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Feb;70(2):497-499

Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Bhausaheb Hire Government Medical College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.

Purpose: To study the occurrence of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) as an ocular manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective study was done on the observations of cases of HIV-positive children. All seropositive patients from the Anti-Retroviral Therapy clinic were referred to the department of ophthalmology for evaluation. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Dec;100(48):e28101

Department of Ophthalmology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Rationale: Intraocular infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may cause severe visual loss. However, it is relatively rare, and there is no consensus on its treatment.

Patient Concerns: A 44-year-old woman complained of a right-eye floater and exhibited a unilateral exudative change along the retinal veins at the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2022 03 15;197:114917. Epub 2022 Jan 15.

Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China. Electronic address:

Noninfectious (autoimmune and immune-mediated) uveitis is one of the primary diseases leading to blindness in the world. Due to the limitation of current first-line drugs for clinical uveitis, novel drugs and targets against uveitis are urgently needed. Ganciclovir (GCV), an FDA-approved antiviral drug, is often used to treat cytomegalovirus-induced retinitis in clinical patients. Read More