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Ophthalmol Retina 2019 Mar 10;3(3):258-269. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report the ocular and adnexal injuries sustained by patients with Thomas A. Swift's electric rifles (TASER; TASER International, Scottsdale, AZ), review the literature, and discuss the management of this complex trauma.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective case series and literature review. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2019 Mar 18;3(3):252-257. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

The Tony and Leona Campane Center for Excellence in Image-Guided Surgery and Advanced Imaging Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address:

Purpose: Intraoperative OCT (iOCT) has enabled visualization of subtle structural details during surgical interventions, including retinal detachment repair. The purpose of this study was to evaluate iOCT findings during retinal detachment repair and to assess their impact on anatomic and functional outcomes, including outer retinal integrity.

Design: The PIONEER Intraoperative and Perioperative OCT Study is a prospective cohort, institutional review board-approved study. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2019 17;2019:9481902. Epub 2019 Mar 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

Purpose: To report characteristics and visual results in patients with PDR-associated complications following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in a tertiary center over an eight-year period.

Methods: Medical records of diabetic retinopathy patients receiving PPV between January 2007 and December 2014 for PDR-related complications were reviewed.

Results: A total of 890 consecutive PDR patients were included in the study. Read More

Ther Adv Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Dec;11:2515841419838662. Epub 2019 Apr 7.

Lumbini Eye Institute, Lumbini, Nepal.

Purpose: To evaluate the primary anatomic and physiological success of scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and factors influencing its outcomes.

Methods: This is a prospective analytical study of 92 eyes that underwent scleral buckling at the Lumbini Eye Institute and Research Center, in Lumbini, Nepal. Parameters evaluated which could influence the outcome of the surgery included the lens status, duration of symptoms, locations of breaks, the extent of retinal detachment, and preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Read More

J Vitreoretin Dis 2019 Mar 26;3(2):69-75. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate visual and anatomic outcomes of 25-gauge vitrectomy with relaxing retinectomies for complex retinal detachment (RD) secondary to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: A single-center, retrospective case series of 44 patients who had undergone a 25-gauge vitrectomy with a relaxing retinectomy for the treatment of combined RD and PVR was performed. Pre-operative characteristics, intraoperative techniques, and outcomes were analyzed. Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Purpose: To compare the intravitreal concentrations of cellular mediators involved in neurodegeneration, inflammation, and angiogenesis in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other vitreoretinal diseases.

Methods: A multiplex bead immunoassay was used to measure vitreous levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor, serum amyloid P, C-reactive protein, complement C4, alpha-1 antitrypsin, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-AA, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta in patients undergoing 23-gauge vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other diagnoses (control group).

Results: We evaluated 55 patients, of whom 24 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 31 had other diagnoses including vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, macular hole, and epiretinal membrane. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 3;19(1):86. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.

Background: To report the clinical course and outcomes of adjunctive dexamethasone implants in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and retinal detachment (RD) undergoing vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.

Methods: This retrospective, interventional case series included AD patients with RD and various degrees of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) who were scheduled to undergo vitrectomy. Following total vitrectomy and retinopexy, silicone oil tamponade was performed. Read More

PLoS One 2019 3;14(4):e0214674. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Swiss Eye Institute and Clinic for Vitreoretinal Diseases, Berner Augenklinik am Lindenhof-Spital, Bern, Switzerland.

Purpose: Various profibrotic and proinflammatory cytokines have been found upregulated in uncomplicated primary retinal detachment (pRD), but without providing a uniform picture. Here, we compare the cyto- and chemokine profiles in pRD with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in an attempt to unravel relevant differences not in single cytokines, but in the cytokine profiles at diagnosis.

Methods: Undiluted vitreous fluid (VF) was obtained at the beginning of surgery from 174 eyes with pRD without relevant PVR (maximally grade B; group 1; n = 81) and with moderate or advanced PVR requiring a gas tamponade (group 2; n = 49) or silicon oil filling (group 3; n = 44). Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Mar;33(1):56-60. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Department of Ophthalmology, Acibadem University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) added the infusion fluid with a control group in the event of grade C PVR in recurrent retinal detachment (RD).

Methods: The records of the patients with recurrent retinal detachment with grade C PVR who underwent vitrectomy for retinal detachment surgery between April 2003 and October 2004 were reviewed retrospectively for this comparative study. The recurrent retinal detachment patients with grade C PVR who underwent vitrectomy and had a minimum post-operative follow-up period of 12 months were included. Read More

Acta Diabetol 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Aims: To compare the vitreous levels of chemokines in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. To find the relationship between stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and levels of vitreous chemokines.

Methods: The study involved 20 non-diabetic and 20 diabetic patients without clinical signs of DR (NDR) and 40 diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Al-Oruba Street, 7191, Riyadh, 11462, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To provide a focused review of sickle cell retinopathy in the light of recent advances in the pathogenesis, multimodal retinal imaging, management of the condition, and migration trends, which may lead to increased prevalence of the condition in the Western world.

Methods: Non-systematic focused literature review.

Results: Sickle retinopathy results from aggregation of abnormal hemoglobin in the red blood cells in the retinal microcirculation, leading to reduced deformability of the red blood cells, stagnant blood flow in the retinal precapillary arterioles, thrombosis, and ischemia. Read More

Retina 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Purpose: To determine the preoperative characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and outcomes of eyes with posteriorly inserted vitreous base.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational, consecutive case series at 2 academic centers, 37 patients were studied who had posteriorly inserted vitreous base noted during vitrectomy. Posteriorly inserted vitreous base was defined as the insertion of the posterior hyaloid membrane being located posterior to the vortex veins. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 May;30(3):151-158

Tennessee Retina, Nashville, TN, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Endoresection of intraocular tumors is a complicated procedure utilizing pars plana vitrectomy techniques. Though it has potential downsides and complications, there is potential for this technique in the treatment of malignant and benign intraocular tumors.

Recent Findings: Endoresection has been utilized in some form for the last three decades, but recent advances in vitreoretinal surgery have improved the technique. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences.

Purpose: To illustrate that patients with diabetic retinopathy who are treated exclusively with anti-VEGF therapy and have an interruption in treatment may experience marked progression of disease with potentially devastating visual consequences.

Design: Retrospective, multicenter, case series METHODS: Retrospective review of patients treated exclusively with anti-VEGF therapy for proliferative (PDR) or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), with or without diabetic macular edema (DME), and temporarily lost to follow-up. Baseline disease characteristics, cause and duration of the treatment interruption, and resulting disease progression, complications, and outcomes were assessed. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital & Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin, China.

Background/objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept (a recombinant fusion protein that primarily targets vascular endothelial growth factors) after vitrectomy for the management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy without tractional retinal detachment (TRD).

Subjects/methods: Fifty patients with non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage (VH) due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy without TRD were enroled. They were randomly divided into control and treatment groups (25 eyes to each group) after they provided informed consent. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 03 8;3:CD009562. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Split, Spinciceva 1, Split, Croatia, 21000.

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a separation of neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. It is caused by retinal tears, which let fluid pass from the vitreous cavity to the subretinal space. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckling surgery and pneumatic retinopexy are three accepted management strategies whose efficacy remains controversial. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14603

Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

This retrospective study investigated the risk factors of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) occurring after vitrectomy performed to treat proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).All patients were treated with vitrectomy for PDR. Patients with history(s) of the following were excluded: ocular surgery (except phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation or retinal laser photocoagulation); ocular trauma; systemic diseases; ocular diseases; uveitis; scleritis; tumor; congenital ocular disorders; or others. Read More

Retina 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Purpose: To investigate differences in genotype distributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms within genes, encoding inflammatory mediators, among patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Methods: A genetic association study was performed on 191 Slovenian patients, divided into 2 groups: 113 RRD patients with PVR and 78 RRD patients without PVR. Genotype distributions were investigated within the following 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs3760396 (CCL2), rs9990554 (FGF2), rs17561 (IL1A), rs2069763 (IL2), rs1800795 (IL6), rs1800871 (IL10), rs3008 (JAK3), rs2229094 (LTA), rs1042522 (TP53), rs7656613 (PDGFRA), rs7226855 (SMAD7), rs1800471 (TGFB1), and rs1800629 (TNF). Read More

J Ophthalmol 2019 21;2019:4303056. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.

Purpose: To describe the technique and outcomes of using either inverted or free internal limiting membrane flap in the management of retinal detachment due to paracentral retinal breaks.

Methods: This retrospective observational case series includes nine patients who received surgery for retinal detachment due to paracentral retinal breaks developed either from primary rhegmatogenous origin, or secondary iatrogenic retinal breaks after prior membrane peeling, or during surgery for tractional retinal detachment. Either inverted or free internal limiting membrane flaps were inserted in the identified breaks, followed by air fluid exchange and gas tamponade. Read More

PLoS One 2019 22;14(2):e0211438. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-City, Osaka, Japan.

We previously reported on the elevated intravitreal activities of tryptase and chymase in association with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and idiopathic macular hole (MH). In this present study, we investigated the potential intraocular production of these serine proteases, and measured and compared tryptase and chymase activities in the vitreous body and serum in ERM, MH, proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) patients. In addition, nuclear staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and mast-cell staining with toluidine blue were performed on samples of the vitreous core and bursa premacularis (BPM) of MH. Read More

Cir Cir 2019 ;87(2):136-140

Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Juárez de México. Ciudad de México, México.

Objective: To compare the frequency of anatomic and functional success, between eyes with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated with exoplant or vitrectomy.

Method: Non-experimental, retrospective, comparative and longitudinal study in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, <20/200 visual acuity and macular involvement, treated with exoplant (group 1) or vitrectomy (group 2), and 9 months follow up, without proliferative vitreoretinopathy or other vitreoretinal disease that reduced vision. The frequencies of anatomic success (attached retina) and functional success (visual acuity > 20/200) were compared between groups at the end of follow up (chi squared and odds ratio). Read More

Cir Cir 2019 ;87(2):215-218

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.

Background: Pupillary block induced by silicon oil in vitrectomized patients is a common condition usually treated with Nd-YAG laser iridotomy or with surgical removal of silicon oil.

Case Report: A case of silicone oil pupillary block glaucoma successfully treated with a 30 G needle transfixion technique is described. We performed a non-complicated vitrectomy surgery for retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy that included lensectomy, inferior peripheral iridectomy, and silicone oil injection. Read More

Ophthalmologica 2019 Feb 14:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea,

Purpose: To assess treatment efficacy of scleral buckling surgery with wide-field surgical microscope and 27-gauge (G) chandelier illumination for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This study is a retrospective chart review of 29 eyes in 29 patients with RRD who underwent scleral buckling surgery with a wide-field surgical microscope and 27-G chandelier illumination fiber inserted into the sclera at the pars plana. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

J-CREST (Japan Clinical REtina STudy group), Kagoshima, Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate real-world evidence for young Japanese patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by retrospectively examining surgical procedures and clinical outcomes in the Japan Clinical Retina Study group.

Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective study of the medical records of 562 young patients (384 males and 178 females; mean age: 33.0 ± 11. Read More

Exp Eye Res 2019 Apr 6;181:232-239. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. Electronic address:

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the leading cause of retinal detachment failure. The mechanism of PVR development is complex and still not completely elucidated. There are no proven methods for early prevention or clinical treatment. Read More

Ophthalmology 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report the structural and functional outcomes of autologous neurosensory retinal transplant for closure of refractory large macular holes (MHs).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, consecutive case series.

Participants: A total of 41 eyes of 41 patients with a full-thickness MH refractory to prior vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel and tamponade. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Instituto de la Visión-Hospital La Carlota, Montemorelos, Nuevo León, México

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept (IVZ) to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) administered preoperatively to patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for severe manifestations of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Design: Randomised clinical trial (RCT).

Methods: Two hundred and six patients with PDR-related complications requiring PPV were randomised into one of two treatment groups: Group A received IVZ (1. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jan 29;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Vitreo-retinal Unit, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK.

We report the case of a 32-year-old Afrocaribbean man with known stage 3 proliferative sickle-cell retinopathy who presented with a mixed picture of tractional and rhegmatogenous macula off detachment. He underwent left primary 25 g vitrectomy with silicone oil, delamination and endolaser photocoagulation under a general anaesthetic. He, however, presented 48 hours postoperatively with gross anterior segment ischaemia. Read More

Retina 2019 Jan 24. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Purpose: To compare the impact of surgical timing on anatomical and functional outcomes of vitrectomy for open-globe injury.

Methods: Fifty-three patients were entered into this prospective open-label study, with 26 patients randomized into early surgery group (vitrectomy conducted within 4 days) and 27 into delayed surgery group (vitrectomy performed between 10-14 days after injury). Six-month data were available for 46 patients and 7 were lost to follow-up. Read More

Curr Res Transl Med 2019 May 23;67(2):62-71. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, H1T1C8, Quebec, Canada.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) present two examples of proliferative retinopathy, characterized by the same stages of progression; ischemia of the retinal vessels, leads to hypoxia and to correct the problem there is the setting up of uncontrolled angiogenesis, which subsequently causes blindness or even detachment of the retina. The difference is the following; that DR initiated by the metabolic complications that are due to hyperglycemia, and ROP is induced by overexposure of the neonatal retina to oxygen. In this review, we will demonstrate the physiopathological mechanism of the two forms of proliferative retinopathy DR and ROP, in particular the role of the CD40/CD40L axis and IL-1 on vascular complications and onset of inflammation of the retina, the implications of their effects on the onset of pathogenic angiogenesis, thus understanding the link between platelets and retinal ischemia. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 24;200:187-200. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.

Purpose: To determine factors predictive of anatomic, visual, and financial outcomes after traditional and nontraditional primary pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD).

Design: Retrospective interventional case series and cost comparison.

Methods: Participants: Total of 178 eyes (156 patients) with PR-repaired primary RD by a single surgeon at a clinical practice from January 2001 to December 2013 and followed for ≥1 year. Read More

Cell Biosci 2019 21;9:12. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, No.8 of Baobei Road, Kaifeng, 475000 People's Republic of China.

Background: Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a severe blinding complication of retinal detachment surgery. Increasing evidence demonstrate that PVR is associated with oxidative stress. Scutellarin is a natural flavone compound that has been reported to have anti-oxidative activity. Read More

J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019 Apr 22;35(3):161-167. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Purpose: We compared the efficacies of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal conbercept (IVC) as the adjuvant pretreatments for vitrectomy with silicone oil infusion for tractional retinal detachment (TRD) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 74 patients (79 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for diabetic TRD. They received IVC (37 eyes) or IVR (42 eyes) at standard doses 3-5 days preoperatively and were followed up for ∼6 months. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019 Jan;60(1):282-293

Byers Eye Institute, Omics Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States.

Purpose: To gain insight into the pathophysiology of vitreoretinal degeneration, the clinical course of three family members with Versican Vitreoretinopathy (VVR) is described, and a canonical splice site mutation in the gene encoding for versican (VCAN) protein was biochemically analyzed.

Methods: A retrospective chart review, human eye histopathology, Sanger DNA sequencing, protein structural modeling, and in vitro proteolysis assays were performed.

Results: The proband (II:1), mother (I:2), and younger sibling (II:2) suffered retinal degeneration with foveal sparing and retinal detachments with proliferative vitreoretinopathy, features that were confirmed on histopathologic analysis. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 14;19(1):17. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.

Background: To identify the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and visual outcomes in posterior segment IOFBs patients managed by PPV in a tertiary hospital.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for 56 patients, who had PPV for IOFBs removal between November 2013 and November 2015. The mechanisms of injury, the nature of the IOFBs, the BCVA before and after the surgery, the penetrating site and the complications of the surgery were all collected. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Purpose: To present a case of retinal detachment caused by a Nerf-gun shot in a pediatric patient.

Methods: Single case report.

Results: A 16-year-old white man presented with a nasal visual field deficit and floaters in his left eye for 1 month after being shot with a foam-ball Nerf gun by a friend. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 01;50(1):42-49

Background And Objective: To compare between trimanual and unimanual vitrectomy in complicated proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Patients And Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, comparative study including patients with tractional retinal detachment (TRD), vitreous hemorrhage with TRD, and combined TRD with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The patients were allocated into two groups: the unimanual group with three-port vitrectomy and the trimanual group with added fourth sclerotomy, through which the endoillumination probe was guided by the assistant. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct-Dec;8(4):249-252

Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

We report a case with multiple recurrences of retinal detachment (RD) with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy in a 12-year-old child who underwent vitrectomy using a heavy liquid perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) as a short-term postoperative tamponade. He had an encircling band and three vitrectomies with gas, followed by silicone oil tamponade for retinal redetachment prior to the use of PFO as a short-term tamponade. Short-term PFO tamponade was used in which inferior retinal reattachment was considered to be difficult with conventional gas or silicone oil tamponade, especially in regard to proper postoperative posturing. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2018 Oct-Dec;8(4):189-195

Retina Consultants Ltd., Des Plaines, Illinois, USA.

Stickler Syndrome (SS) is a significant cause of retinal blindness in children. The immediate cause of blindness is retina detachment from giant retinal tear (GRT). It is frequently diagnosed late and the giant retinal tear (GRT) may be complicated by high-grade proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Importance: Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Studies have suggested that statins may reduce the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To investigate the association between statin therapy and the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Read More

Retin Cases Brief Rep 2019 Winter;13(1):21-24

Vitreo Retina Services, Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: 1) To evaluate factors governing flow of subretinal fluid and validate Lincoff rules (LRs) in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 2) To identify cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment where LRs are not followed.

Method: This was a retrospective study where 253 patients of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were identified through surgery records. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Purpose: To compare the cytokine profiles of phakic (p) and pseudophakic (ps) eyes with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) to eyes with macular holes (MH) and to identify differences in the specific cytokine profiles.

Methods: Aqueous humour (AH) and vitreous fluid (VF) were obtained from patients with primary RD without proliferative vitreoretinopathy undergoing vitrectomy. AH and VF of patients with macular holes (MH) served as controls. Read More

J Ophthalmol 2018 6;2018:3470731. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Purpose: To evaluate logical surgical approaches to closing macular holes in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with retinal detachment.

Methods: Retrospective, interventional case series.

Results: 10 eyes in 10 patients were included in this study. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 7. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Purpose: Unremoved vitreoschisis-induced vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) are associated with macular pathology. When present on the retinal periphery, they may play a role in proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal detachment after vitrectomy. Existing instruments for their removal involve substantial risk of iatrogenic retinal damage. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 14;12:2323-2329. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshizu, Sakura, Japan,

Purpose: To investigate the potential risk factors for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after vitrectomy in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Subjects And Methods: In this retrospective, observational, comparative study, patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who underwent vitrectomy at Toho University Sakura Medical Center between December 2011 and November 2016 and who were followed for ≥12 months after surgery were included. Subject parameters examined included age, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, administration of insulin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2018 Dec;54(12):918-922

Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China.

To report the clinical outcomes and safety profile of 27G(+) transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) in eyes with posterior segment disease. Prospective, interventional case series. Eyes undergoing 27G(+) TSV for a vitreoretinal surgery indication were included from Dec 2015 to Mar 2016. Read More

Ann Clin Biochem 2019 Mar 24;56(2):253-258. Epub 2019 Feb 24.

5 Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.

Objective: Adropin, a newly identified regulatory protein encoded by Enho gene, is correlated with insulin sensitivity and diabetes. The aim of this study is to determine whether serum and vitreous adropin concentrations are correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: A population of 165 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (52 without diabetic retinopathy, 69 with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 44 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy) was enrolled in this study. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1763-1771

Department of Retina and Vitreous, Retina Foundation, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair is one of the most common vitreoretinal surgeries a surgeon performs. In an ideal scenario, RRD can be repaired with a single surgical intervention; however, despite excellent skill, flawless technique, and the introduction of high-end technology, up to 10% of cases require additional interventions to ultimately repair recurrent detachments. It is thus important to study the outcomes of multiple interventions to understand whether performing repeat vitrectomy on patients with a history of failed surgeries is worthwhile. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;66(12):1751-1762

Department of Ophthalmology, Kittner Eye Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Twenty-five percent of diabetes-related vision loss stems from complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Panretinal photocoagulation has been the preferred treatment of high-risk PDR for decades and more recently intravitreal injections of drugs that inhibit the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor have become popular. But despite these treatments PDR may progress uncontrollably to advanced pathologies such as traction retinal detachments (TRDs), combined traction/rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (TRD/RRDs), vitreous hemorrhages, rubeosis iridis, and traction maculopathies, which produce mild-to-severe loss of vision. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2018 18;11(11):1779-1783. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago.

Aim: To report the results of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade in selected cases.

Methods: RRD patients without severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy C or more underwent PPV without operative use of heavy liquid, and utilizing air tamponade were consecutively enrolled. Alternative postoperative facedown position or lateral position was required for 3-5d. Read More