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Plast Reconstr Surg 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Dept. of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare center, Dankook University, College of Medicine, South Korea.

Background: Blindness caused by soft tissue filler injection is the most tragic complication, with no standard treatments until recently. Retrobulbar hyaluronidase injection has been proposed as the treatment, but its effectiveness in visual compromise remains to be determined. The authors aimed to determine the effectiveness of retrobulbar hyaluronidase using soft tissue filler in an iatrogenic blindness animal model. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 May;67(5):630-633

Retina and Uvea Services, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Purpose: To report a series of central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO) following cataract surgery complicated by posterior capsular rupture (PCR).

Methods: Data from 14 patients with acute CRAO following cataract surgery was collected for this study including subject demographics, initial and final best-corrected visual acuity, systemic investigations, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) findings.

Results: Mean subject age was 59. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019 Apr 21. Epub 2019 Apr 21.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.

Background: Blindness or visual loss is the most serious complication resulting from facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. In this study, three recent clinical cases were analyzed, and the relevant anatomy of cadavers was evaluated to investigate the mechanism behind visual impairment due to HA injection.

Methods: Three patients with different extents of visual loss after HA injection were studied. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 17;19(1):92. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, South Korea.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of an intravitreal dexamethasone (IVD) implant (Ozurdex®) for the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) without macular edema (ME).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed, and 20 eyes of 20 patients diagnosed with non-ischemic CRVO without ME were included. A total of 10 CRVO eyes were observed without treatment, and another 10 CRVO eyes received a single IVD injection at baseline. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Purpose: To compare the retinal area measured on a panoramic en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) image with that on an ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWF FA) image.

Methods: Sixteen eyes (11 with branch retinal vein occlusion, 2 with central retinal vein occlusion, 1 with branch retinal artery occlusion, and 2 with hypertensive retinopathy) were included in this study. A panoramic en face OCTA image was created from five single non-panoramic en face OCTA 12 × 12-mm images. Read More

EXCLI J 2019 4;18:127-128. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

J Neurointerv Surg 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Interventional Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard of care for acute ischemic strokes with proximal intracranial occlusion. Arterial access is commonly achieved with femoral artery puncture, although this is not always possible. In this case series, we describe 11 cases of anterior circulation stroke where direct carotid puncture was used to obtain vascular access. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 5:1120672119841541. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

4 VitreoRetinal Surgery, PA, Edina, MN, USA.

Introduction:: Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides encompass a diverse spectrum of autoimmune diseases characterized by necrotizing small vessel vasculitis. Ocular manifestations may be the presenting findings of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides.

Methods:: Single, retrospective case study. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Private Practice, Gdańsk, Poland.

Br J Surg 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Carotid stenosis is a common cause of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Despite rising recognition and centralization of stroke services there has been a decline in interventions for carotid stenosis in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the current prevalence and management of carotid stenosis in the UK. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Mar 29. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Hyperacute Stroke Unit, University College London Hospital, United Kingdom.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of ischemic stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and investigation for paroxysmal AF is recommended following an embolic brain event. In contrast, retinal ischemic monocular blindness is traditionally considered most linked to carotid artery disease (CAS) and investigating for AF is less vigilant. We aimed to determine the prevalence of AF in patients with ischemic monocular blindness. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 22;200:252. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Concord, North Carolina.

Int J Ophthalmol 2019 18;12(3):520-522. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.

Retina 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Städtisches Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Chemnitz, Germany.

Purpose: To compare changes in thickness of separate retinal layers between acute central and branch retinal artery occlusion (RAO) regarding the severity grade of retinal ischemia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Design: retrospective, observational case-control series.

Setting: institutional. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Academic Department of Ophthalmology, Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; and Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Research, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Purpose: To describe and explain the entire range of ischemic macular damage that follows panretinal hypoperfusion from central retinal artery or vein occlusion.

Design: Perspective article.

Methods: Correlation of the fundoscopic, fluorescein angiographic, oximetric and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) features developing within the posterior inner retina following incremental reductions in arterio-venous perfusion pressure across the retinal circulation. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2019 Mar 3;31(1):98-101. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Manisa Celal Bayar University, Department of Ophthalmology, Manisa, Turkey.

Purpose: To report a case of triamcinolone crystals associated miliary microemboli of the retinal arterioles and choriocapillaris.

Methods: A 30-year-old woman with alopecia areata on her left auriculotemporal scalp, scheduled for 10 mg/ml triamcinolone acetonide steroid injections (maximum volume of 3 ml per session) for 1 month intervals, presented with a sudden decrease in vision in her left eye after 1 ml injection in a dermatology clinic.

Results: On ocular examination her best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was hand movement in the left eye. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Mar 14;12(3). Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

A 52-year-old man presented to our cardiology service for an elective diagnostic coronary angiogram for risk stratification in the context of stable angina. He was diagnosed with antiphospholipid syndrome 2 years prior and had three known thrombotic episodes in the form of a stroke, retinal artery occlusion and deep vein thrombosis. Our initial differential was atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, however, coronary angiography demonstrated a dominant right coronary artery with a long segment of chronic spontaneous dissection distally but with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction III flow. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 28;200:271-272. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Nashville, Tennessee.

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019 Jan-Mar;14(1):97-100

Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Purpose: To report the unusual case of an immunocompetent individual with herpes zoster ophthalmicus who developed central retinal artery occlusion and subsequent neovascular glaucoma.

Case Report: A 40-year-old, immunocompetent patient was diagnosed with herpes zoster ophthalmicus and central retinal artery occlusion on initial presentation. Subsequently, he developed neovascular glaucoma. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 27;9(2):e025455. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Objective: To understand the efficacy of aspirin use for preventing ischaemic stroke after central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Design: The retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1998 to 2013.

Setting: A population-based study. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Purpose: To measure retinal oxygen saturation (SO ) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Methods: Retinal oximetry was performed using the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter in 50 eyes (50 patients) with resolved BRVO. SO was calculated in each major retinal artery and vein in four quadrants. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2019 27;2019:8243487. Epub 2019 Jan 27.

Private Practice, Metrolina Eye Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.

Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) is typically associated with irreversible vision and peripheral visual field loss. We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with a BRAO related to several cardiovascular risk factors. Our patient encountered gradual but significant vision recovery months following carotid artery endarterectomy for carotid stenosis. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 19:1120672119830925. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

VIROS-Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery, A Karl Landsteiner Institute, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Background:: The risk of developing stroke after retinal artery occlusion was reported to be increased. The aim of our study was to assess the rate of strokes/transitory ischemic attacks after retinal artery occlusion in a European population and to identify the risk groups.

Methods:: All patients, diagnosed with branch or central retinal artery occlusion at our outpatient department since 2014, were asked to participate in this prospective case-control study. Read More

Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2019 Feb 4;3(1):13-15. Epub 2019 Jan 4.

University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

A 69-year-old woman with a history of untreated hypertension presented with acute-onset monocular vision loss. Initial workup was delayed due to lack of immediate specialty consultation and dilated funduscopic exam. Point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department identified a small hyperechoic structure within the distal area of the central retinal artery; in conjunction with specialty ophthalmologic evaluation in a tertiary care center, the diagnosis of central retinal artery occlusion was made. Read More

Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019 Feb 17:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 17.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Ministry of Health - Ordu University Research and Training Hospital , Ordu , Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of single intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) on ocular blood flow velocities in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) and retinal vein occlusions (RVO).

Methods: This prospective non-randomized interventional study included injected and fellow eyes of 12 patients with DME and of 16 patients with RVO treated with intravitreal Ozurdex. Colour Doppler Ultrasonography (CDU) measures of the central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA), ophthalmic artery (OA) those are peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were performed in both injected and uninjected eyes before injection, at one week, one month after injection, and prior to re-injection. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a technique used in interventional radiology for the diagnosis of vascular cerebral conditions. Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a complication of endovascular procedures that involve atherosclerotic plaque removal with subsequent embolisation. The case is presented on a patient who noticed a sudden vision loss during a DSA. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 7;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department and Clinic of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.

The purpose of the retrospective, population-based study was to assess the relationship between the risk of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and the level of air pollutants. This study identified 2.272 cases of newly diagnosed CRAO registered in the Polish National Health Service database. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Dr. YOURhinoclinic (Private Clinic), Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: Loss of vision is an extremely rare and unexpected complication following a routine uncomplicated nasal surgery. In majority of patients, visual loss has attributed to retinal emboli which occur with retrograde flow of the intra-arterially injected agents into the nasal cavity or direct trauma to the optic nerve. In this report, the authors present a patient with unilateral decreased vision due to branch retinal artery occlusion soon after a routine nasal surgery. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2019 Feb;8(3):e010509

1 Department of Neurosciences University of Calgary Alberta Canada.

Background Monocular vision loss, attributed to either central retinal artery occlusion ( CRAO ), branch retinal artery occlusion ( BRAO ), or ocular ischemic syndrome ( OIS ), is thought to be associated with an increased prevalence of cerebral infarcts. However, there is a paucity of data substantiating this. We aimed to investigate this relationship in a Canadian center and further understand the importance of associated internal carotid artery stenosis in potential clinical decision making. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):236-241

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Objective: To determine the risk of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and amaurosis fugax around the time of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Patients And Methods: Patients at Mayo Clinic sites with a diagnosis code of CRAO from January 1, 2001, through September 9, 2016, were reviewed. New CRAOs were confirmed, and ischemic stroke, TIA, and amaurosis fugax events were tallied within 15 days before and after CRAO. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health, and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Electronic address:

Surv Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals and School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.

The retinal ganglion cells infarcted in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) are the somata of the optic nerve axons, part of the central nervous system. Consequently, CRAO with inner retinal infarction is a small vessel stroke, usually with the devastating consequence of severe visual loss in the affected eye. At present, there is no generally accepted, evidence-based therapy of non-arteritic CRAO in contrast to ischemic cerebral stroke that has well accepted treatment protocols. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Bristol Eye Hospital , Bristol Royal Infirmary NHS Trust, Department of medical retina and uveitis, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin St, Bristol BS1 2LX. Electronic address:

Susac syndrome is a rare condition presumed to be immune-mediated occlusion of small arterial vasculature principally of the brain, inner ear, and retina. Clinically the syndrome manifests as a pathognomonic triad of encephalopathy, hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusion. Early recognition and diagnosis is important as delayed treatment may be profound and result in deafness, blindness, dementia and other neurological deficits. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 26;200:179-186. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) confers a high risk of acute vascular ischemic events, including stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Understanding the burden and risk factor profile of these ischemic events can serve as a valuable guide for ophthalmologists in the management and appropriate referral of these patients.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Read More

PLoS One 2019 25;14(1):e0210505. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.

Objective: To analyze quality and frequency of OCTA artifacts and to evaluate their impact on the interpretability of OCTA images.

Design: 75 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), or neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in the outpatient department of a tertiary eye care center.

Methods: All participants underwent an OCTA examination (spectral domain OCT Cirrus 5000 equipped with the AngioPlex module). Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019 Jan 30;5(1):50-53. Epub 2018 May 30.

Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Hemangioendothelioma is rarely encountered in the orbit. We present a patient with a growing orbital mass for whom surgical excision was planned. Two previous attempts at removing the mass failed due to profuse bleeding. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;67(2):312-313

Department of Ophthalmolgy, S.S. Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;67(2):273-274

Dr RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Lancet 2019 01;393(10168):275

Department of Ophthalmology, Mohamed VI University Hospital of Marrakesh, Marrakesh, Morocco.

Biomaterials 2019 Mar 9;197:146-160. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Departments of Anesthesiology, USA; Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, USA. Electronic address:

Retinal ischemia is a major cause of vision loss and impairment and a common underlying mechanism associated with diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal artery occlusion. The regenerative capacity of the diseased human retina is limited. Our previous studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of intravitreal injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-conditioned medium in retinal ischemia in rats. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 14;9(1):80. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.

Retinal hypoperfusion injury is the pathophysiologic basis of ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) which often leads to severe visual loss. In this study, we aimed to establish a rat model of retinal chronic hypoperfusion by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and observe changes in the retinal function and morphology. We found that model rats showed retinal arteriosclerosis, slight dilated retinal vein, small hemangiomas, hemorrhages, vascular segmental filling, and nonperfused areas after 2 weeks of BCCAO. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Apr 9;28(4):e12-e13. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.

A 23-year-woman was presented for sudden-onset monocular blindness. Branch retinal artery occlusion in the right eye and multiple brain embolism were detected. Trousseau syndrome due to bilateral ovarian cancer was diagnosed; no embolic events were observed after anticoagulant therapy and surgical resection. Read More

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2018 Dec;38(6):544-553

Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Susac syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder first described as a classic triad (encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusion, and sensorineural hearing loss) in 1979 by renowned physician John O. Susac, has been an advancing area of clinical interest and scientific research over the last several decades. This comprehensive review aims to succinctly highlight the breadth and detail of this enigmatic disease, with a primary focus on otologic manifestations. Read More

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019 May 24;33(5):1420-1429. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL. Electronic address:

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Feb 26;28(2):256-258. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address:

Immunogenetics 2019 Apr 5;71(4):299-305. Epub 2019 Jan 5.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by autosomal recessive mutations in Cat Eye Syndrome Chromosome Region 1 (CECR1) gene. In this report, we aimed to describe the clinical manifestations, immunological features, genotype, and treatments of one Chinese patient with novel CECR1 gene mutations. This patient initially presented with recurrent fever and rashes from the age of 3 months, but no pathogen was found. Read More

PLoS One 2019 3;14(1):e0209118. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: To investigate the characteristics and temporal changes in visual field defects (VFDs) in eyes with acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: A total of 119 patients diagnosed with acute non-arteritic CRAO through examination with Goldmann perimetry were included among the patients who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2009 and December 2016. Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea.