Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Autophagy 2020 May 26:1-21. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Anesthesiology, And College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA.

Retinal ischemia is a major cause of vision loss and a common underlying mechanism associated with diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and central retinal artery occlusion. We have previously demonstrated the robust neuroprotection in retina induced by post-conditioning (post-C), a brief period of ischemia, 24 h, following a prolonged and damaging initial ischemia. The mechanisms underlying post-C-mediated retinal protection are largely uncharacterized. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Sep 6;19:100734. Epub 2020 May 6.

Retina Consultants of Alabama, P.C., USA.

Purpose: To summarize the case of a 13 year-old boy diagnosed with a BRAO secondary to infection.

Observations: The patient presented with a sudden, unilateral, and painless scotoma. Fundoscopic findings and multimodal imaging were consistent with a BRAO with associated areas of intraretinal whitening along the involved artery. Read More

Ophthalmol Retina 2020 May 11. Epub 2020 May 11.

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de l'Hôpital Nord, chemin des Bourrely, 13015 Marseille, France.

To report the hyperacute compensatory vascular responses to retinal artery occlusion using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and OCT-Angiography (OCT-A). Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 May 8. Epub 2020 May 8.

Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital.

Vision loss is a known rare complication of prone positioning during surgery. Vision loss following prone surgery is most commonly attributed to direct pressure on the eye but can also be caused by central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the absence of pressure on the eye. Central retinal artery occlusion has not been previously described following prone transcranial surgery for craniosynostosis. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Mar 7;17:100594. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Department of Ophthalmology, The Permanente Medical Group, 975 Sereno Drive, 2nd Floor, Dept 220, Vallejo, CA, 94589, USA.

Purpose: To present a case of glioblastoma multiforme which initially presented with only ophthalmic manifestations.

Observations: A 48-year-old man presented with decreased vision and pain with eye movements of the right eye. MRI of the brain showed increased T2/FLAIR signal involving the right optic nerve with no other identified abnormalities. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 May 7;13(5). Epub 2020 May 7.

Vitreoretinal services,Mithu Tulsi Chanrai Campus, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Eur J Ophthalmol 2020 May 7:1120672120924545. Epub 2020 May 7.

Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

Significance: Susac's syndrome is a rare retinocochleocerebral immune-mediated endotheliopathy and clinically manifests as a pathognomonic triad of encephalopathy, hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusion. This triad is rarely present at symptom onset, thus, it is often initially misdiagnosed. To date, Susac's syndrome has persisted as an elusive entity and there are numerous treatment regimens proposed with varying effectiveness mainly based on case series. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 2;12(4):e7518. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA.

Central retinal artery occlusion represents a vision-threatening entity in those presenting with monocular painless vision loss, especially in the elderly and those with cardiovascular comorbidities. While confirmation of this diagnosis requires consultation with an ophthalmologist, prompt recognition is the crucial action of the emergency physician to help reverse retinal ischemia and save vision. Here we describe the case of a central retinal artery occlusion identified on point-of-care ocular ultrasound and confirmed by fluorescein angiography. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 23;18:100724. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, 681 Samsen Street, Dusit Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.

Purpose: To report the first case of a patient with essential thrombocythemia (ET) who presented with unilaterally extensive choroidal ischemia coinciding with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).Observations: A 64-year-old man presented with a classic sign of short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA) occlusion, Amalric triangular choroidal infarction, coinciding with CRAO in the left eye. He was later diagnosed as having ET due to a massive platelet count of 1,100,000 cells/mm and confirmed genetic testing. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2020 May;95(5):1050-1058

Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Primary care physicians are at the forefront of patient care and often are the first clinicians to triage and diagnose any eye-related complaints. They must be able to quickly identify vision-threatening pathologies, as delay in treatment of an ocular emergency can result in permanent vision loss. This concise review describes the definition, presentation, examination, and management of various ophthalmic emergencies including blunt ocular trauma, chemical ocular injury, orbital cellulitis, endophthalmitis, acute angle closure glaucoma, optic neuritis, giant cell arteritis, central retinal artery occlusion, retinal detachment, and homonymous hemianopia in a succinct manner. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Service d'ophtalmologie, faculté de médecine de Tunis, hôpital universitaire Charles-Nicolle, université Tunis-El Manar, boulevard du 9-Avril 1938, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie. Electronic address:

J Rheumatol 2020 May 1. Epub 2020 May 1.

From the Schulich School of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Rheumatology Association Research studentship, University of Western Ontario. This funding was supported through the Canadian Rheumatology Association Roche summer studentship. There are no conflicts of interest. IRB was not necessary as this was a systematic literature review. Address correspondence to Dr. Janet Pope MD MPH FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St. London ON N6A 4V2,

Objective: Rheumatoid Arthritis and other rheumatic diseases may present with ocular manifestations. The purpose of our work was to determine the prevalence and type of eye involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases through a meta-analysis and literature review.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library from their inceptions until January 7, 2019. Read More

Int J Spine Surg 2020 Apr 30;14(2):195-208. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Aurora, Colorado.

Background: Patients undergoing surgery in the prone position may be at risk for postoperative vision loss associated with increased intraocular pressure. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate the magnitude of the increase in intraocular pressure at specific perioperative time points in adult patients. The research question to be addressed is "What is the magnitude of the increase in intraocular pressure at specific perioperative time points in adults undergoing surgery in the prone position?"

Methods: Comprehensive search strategies were used to identify nine eligible studies (N = 229). Read More

Eye (Lond) 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.

Background/objectives: Patients with ophthalmic emergencies often present to emergency rooms. Emergency medicine (EM) physicians should feel comfortable encountering these conditions. We assessed EM physicians' comfort working up, diagnosing, and managing ophthalmic emergencies. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Acute dacryocystitis causing visual loss due to development of orbital complications like central retinal artery or ophthalmic artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusions, and optic neuritis is rare but a known entity. However, development of scleral abscess and panophthalmitis as a complication of acute dacryocystitis, leading to loss of vision, has not been described earlier. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing this mode of visual loss in acute dacryocystitis. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 10;18:100705. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, USA.

Purpose: To present a case of central retinal artery occlusion as the first symptomatic manifestation of Moyamoya disease in a middle-aged patient.

Observations: Case report of a 48-year-old female Chinese-American patient who presented with sudden onset painless unilateral vision loss. Fundus photos, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, and catheter cerebral angiogram were performed. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 14;18:100704. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA.

Purpose: Multifocal retinal arterial occlusions and choroidal infarctions due to embolic triamcinolone acetonide (TA) administered during a septoplasty were imaged using swept source OCT angiography (SS-OCTA) to demonstrate the utility of this imaging modality for the diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases.

Observations: A 37-year-old man presented with vision loss in his left eye upon awakening from a left-sided septoplasty during which TA was injected. Examination of the left eye demonstrated retinal whitening in the macula, white material in the distal lumen of retinal arterioles, and multifocal hypopigmented choroidal lesions. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Apr;99(16):e19875

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, chronic, autoimmune disease which can affect any organ system including the eye. About one-third of the patients can be diagnosed with SLE-related eye involvement which is usually indicative of disease activity. Retinopathy is one of the most vision-threatening complications that can be associated with the disease. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 8;18:100683. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Purpose: To describe two cases of retinal artery occlusion followed by contralateral amaurosis fugax associated with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA, formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome).

Observations: Case 1 is a 57 year-old male who presented with transient vision loss in the right eye two weeks after a cilioretinal artery occlusion in the left eye. Evaluation eventually led to a diagnosis of EGPA. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2020 18;13(3):431-437. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China.

Aim: To analyze the systemic factors including stroke history related to the retinal artery occlusion (RAO).

Methods: Patients with an exact diagnosis of RAO in the medical database of the Kailuan Corporation were identified as the case group. Five patients without RAO were added for each case from the Kailuan Study and matched for sex and age (age±2) as the control group. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2020 Jan-Mar;10(1):62-65. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Department of Ophthalmology, Grant Medical College and Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare but devastating fungal infection caused by filamentous fungi of the family Mucoraceae. We report a rare case of unilateral ROCM in a diabetic patient where central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) was the first manifestation of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed orbital and intracranial spread of the disease. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020 Apr-Jun;15(2):195-200. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Adnan Menderes Caddesi Saglik Sokak, Sakarya, Turkey.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) with those from a healthy control population and to identify the relationship between them.

Methods: Forty-six patients with RAO and fifty-one healthy control subjects were included in this retrospective case-control study. RAO was diagnosed following an ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography (FA). Read More

Vasc Med 2020 Apr 20:1358863X20913609. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

1st Department of Cardiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common retinal vascular lesion, and a leading cause of visual impairment. Patients with RVO have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and share multiple common risk factors. In this study, we investigated the endothelial function and arterial stiffness of patients with RVO compared to healthy-control (CL) subjects. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Apr 15;13(4). Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a devastating disease resulting in severe visual loss in most cases. It has no proven treatment, and a variety of management options used clinically all have dismal rate of success. We report outcome of treatment with local intra-arterial thrombolysis administered 2. Read More

Stroke 2020 May 17;51(5):e95. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Division of Neuroradiology, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada.

Stroke 2020 May 17;51(5):e96. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN.

Eye (Lond) 2020 Apr 14. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Background/objectives: To analyze the ophthalmic characteristics of congenital prepapillary vascular loop (PVL) and to propose a new morphologic classification dividing the loops into six types.

Subjects/methods: Collaborative multinational multicentre retrospective study of PVL cases.

Results: There was a total of 49 cases (61 eyes), 37 unilateral (75. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2020 Apr 6. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Division of Vascular Medicine (CL, AK, UH, MC), Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (MJM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; and Medical Clinic and Policlinic I (AB), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

A 78-year-old man suffered sudden visual loss of his right eye. Five years earlier, he had experienced vision loss of his left eye due to central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO); back then, the etiology for the CRAO was not established. Current ocular ultrasound depicted a hyperechoic spot within the optic nerve in both eyes. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 2;18:100687. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Purpose: To describe a case of unilateral retinal arteriolar occlusion following multiple intravitreal brolucizumab injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Observations: A 92-year-old Caucasian woman presented with blurry vision in her left eye (OS) after receiving the third dose of intravitreal brolucizumab. At the time of presentation, visual acuity (VA) was 20/40 in her right eye (OD) and had decreased from 20/150 to count finger (CF) at 1-foot OS. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 Apr 8. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Orbit and Oculoplastic Department, Hospital Nuestra Sra. De la Luz I.A.P., Mexico City, Mexico.

Objective: To propose an algorithm of treatment for sudden visual loss following filler injections and perform an English-written literature search for assignment of evidence level and grade recommendation.

Methods: Algorithm of treatment includes ocular physical Maneuvers, hyAluronidase administration, intravenous STEroids, intraocular pressure Reduction, and Supplemental Oxygen (M.A. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 17;11:277. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.

Ischemic retinopathies represent a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. They include diabetic retinopathy (DR), acute glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and central (or branch) retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). These conditions share in common a period of ischemia or reduced blood supply to the retinal tissue that eventually leads to neuronal degeneration. Read More

Case Rep Cardiol 2020 11;2020:3192957. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Cardiology Department, Leiria Hospital Center, Portugal.

Acute visual loss is rarely caused by a heart condition. This manuscript transcribes a case report of a 36-year-old patient with a 2-year history of aortic valve replacement due to bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis that presents to the emergency department with an acute right eye visual loss. After ophthalmologic investigation identified a central retinal artery occlusion, a transthoracic echocardiography was performed to search for a possible cardiac embolus, despite the patient presenting INR values of 2-2. Read More

Case Rep Neurol 2020 Jan-Apr;12(1):78-83. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Neurology, Cliniques St-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Susac syndrome (SS) is a central nervous system vasculitis characterized by the clinical triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and visual disturbance caused by branch retinal artery occlusion. It is considered as an inflammatory disorder, and an autoimmune etiology is suggested. A 29-year-old man with a history of recent cocaine abuse developed the clinical features of SS. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 11;14:775-793. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Medical School, Bari, Italy.

Purpose: Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a chronic vasculitis of the large and medium-sized arteries, affects people >50 years of age. This study assessed the prevalence of visual manifestations and other clinical features at presentation in an Italian cohort of GCA patients. Recent advances in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of GCA are also reviewed. Read More

Transl Stroke Res 2020 Mar 24. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Studies in experimental ischemia models by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) have reported reduced retinal electrophysiological function, coupled with inner retinal degeneration and gliosis. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term (up to 14 days) BCCAO impairs oxygen delivery (DO), which affects oxygen metabolism (MO) and extraction fraction (OEF), electrophysiological function, morphology, and biochemical pathways. Twenty-one rats underwent BCCAO (N = 12) or sham surgery (N = 9) and were evaluated in separate groups after 3, 7, or 14 days. Read More

Biomed Opt Express 2020 Mar 12;11(3):1336-1353. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland.

The retinal volumetric flow rate contains useful information not only for ophthalmology but also for the diagnosis of common civilization diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, or cerebrovascular diseases. Non-invasive optical methods for quantitative flow assessment, such as Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT), have certain limitations. One is the phase wrapping that makes simultaneous calculations of the flow in all human retinal vessels impossible due to a very large span of flow velocities. Read More

Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020 Apr;50(2):335-341

Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, Avenue de la Côte de Nacre, 14000 Caen, France. Electronic address:

Purpose: To describe the characteristics and outcome of patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA)-related ophthalmologic involvement at diagnosis.

Methods: In a retrospective single-center cohort of 409 consecutive patients with GCA, we retrieved 104 patients with visual symptoms at GCA diagnosis and we compared them to 104 age- and sex-matched controls without ophthalmologic involvement. Each visual symptom was associated to an ophthalmologic diagnosis that was centrally re-assessed by an ophthalmologist. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2020 Mar;8(5):980-985

Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.

Background: Congenital anomalous retinal artery is rare and does not typically affect visual acuity. However, an abnormal artery that passes through and supplies blood to the macular area complicated with branch retinal artery occlusion may negatively impact visual acuity. This study reports an unusual case of anomalous retinal artery combined with retinal artery occlusion. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Mar 9;12(3). Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012 Oviedo, Spain.

Nutritional supplementation with antioxidants and vitamins is widely recommended in the treatment of vascular disorders affecting the retina, although there is insufficient evidence on its effectiveness. The vitamin-like compound coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a nutritional supplement of current interest to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we report a retrospective clinical case series study of 48 patients diagnosed with retinal vascular diseases, including non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), retinal artery occlusion (RAO), and homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia following stroke, treated with oral supplementation with CoQ10 (100 mg per day) and vitamins. Read More

Undersea Hyperb Med 2020 First Quarter;47(1):65-73

Adiyaman University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Genetics, Adiyaman, Turkey.

Background: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a rare ocular-ischemic syndrome causing irreversible blindness. Its pathophysiology has not been clarified, and no targeted therapies are available yet. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is already an approved therapy for CRAO and has been shown to improve the visual acuity of CRAO patients safely. Read More

Undersea Hyperb Med 2020 First Quarter;47(1):57-64

Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency with poor prognosis, despite diligent conventional treatment. According to the clinical recommendations of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) is a potentially beneficial treatment; however, the benefit of adjunctive HBO2 in patients with CRAO in Korea remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adjunctive HBO2 in patients with CRAO. Read More

Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020 Jan 7;37:101436. Epub 2019 Oct 7.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, USA. Electronic address:

Susac's syndrome (SuS) is a rare disorder with a clinical triad of encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and branch retinal artery occlusions. We report a 7-year-old girl who presented with chronic, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, who, years later, presented with encephalopathy and vision loss. Such prolonged period between symptoms is unusual and to our knowledge, this is the longest interval between onset of hearing loss and completion of the full triad in SuS. Read More

J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020 Mar 12. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, EPE, Porto, Portugal.

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a neuro-ophthalmological emergency. There is a finite time window for acute interventions such as revascularization (e.g. Read More

Prog Retin Eye Res 2020 Mar 10:100848. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion (IOAO) is a rare but devastating ophthalmic disease that may cause sudden and permanent visual loss. Understanding the possible etiologic modalities and pathogenic mechanisms of IOAO may prevent its occurrence. There are numerous medical etiologies of IOAO, including cosmetic facial filler injection, intravascular procedures, intravitreal gas or drug injection, retrobulbar anesthesia, intraarterial chemotherapy in retinoblastoma. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Mar 10;10(1):4420. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea.

Morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) had been known to be associated with hypertensive target organ injury and vascular events. Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is also known to be related with underlying cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the effect of MBPS on patients with RVO. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2019 Oct-Dec;26(4):240-242. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Department of Subspecialties, Retina Service, Association to Prevent Blindness in Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.

We report the trans-operative approach and short-term outcome of a patient who suffered a traumatic avulsion of the cilioretinal artery branch during the surgical management of a cilioretinal arterial branch occlusion (CRABO) with intraocular embolectomy. A patient with acute CRABO underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with embolectomy. The blocked artery was incised using 25 gauge vertical scissors, and embolus manipulation was done using microsurgical forceps. Read More

Neuropathology 2020 Mar 3. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology & Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

We present a 47-year-old woman with a 10-year disease course consisting of episodic confusion, aphasia, psychosis, depression, migrainous headaches and seizures. There was mild elevation of protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid, progressive cerebral atrophy, and numerous small T1 hypointensities appearing as central "holes" in the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging. She eventually expired due to status epilepticus and subsequent significant respiratory complications. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2020 Mar 2. Epub 2020 Mar 2.

NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK

Cat scratch disease (CSD) in humans is caused by infection with or other spp. The name of the disease reflects the fact that patients frequently have a history of contact (often involving bites or scratches) with infected cats. Patients with CSD typically develop lesions at the site where the skin is broken together with regional lymphadenopathy but may go on to exhibit systemic symptoms and with deep-seated infections at a range of sites including the eye. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Apr 28;43(4):e135-e137. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Service d'ophtalmologie, Hôpital Omar Idrissi, CHU Hassan II, N 67 lot Zohour 2 Hqy Farah, 30040 Fes, Maroc. Electronic address:

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 Apr 24;43(4):294-297. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Mohamed Taher Maamouri, Mrazka, 8000 Nabeul, Tunisie.

Factor V is a pro-coagulant cofactor required for the transformation of prothrombin into thrombin. Thrombin activates factor V, which is then deactivated by protein C. A mutation in factor V is responsible for the formation of factor V Leiden, resistant to activated protein C. Read More