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J Urol 2021 May 12:101097JU0000000000001852. Epub 2021 May 12.

Br J Pharmacol 2021 May 7. Epub 2021 May 7.

Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Background And Purpose: Reduced renal blood flow triggers activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leading to renovascular hypertension. Renal vascular smooth muscle expression of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), modulates the vasodilatory response needed to control renal vascular tone and blood flow. Here, we tested if angiotensin II (Ang II) impacts sGC expression via an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT R)-forkhead box subclass O (FoxO) transcription factor dependent mechanism. Read More

Kidney Int 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Cardiology I: Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany. Electronic address:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects about 10% of all populations worldwide, with about 2 million people requiring dialysis. Although patients with CKD are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and events, they are often underrepresented or excluded in clinical trials, leading to important knowledge gaps about how to treat these patients. KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened the fourth clinical controversies conference on the heart, kidney and vasculature in Dublin, Ireland, in February 2020, entitled Central and Peripheral Arterial Diseases in Chronic Kidney Disease. Read More

Acta Biomed 2021 Apr 30;92(S1):e2021162. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

University of Parma.

Background Fibromuscolar dysplasia (FMD) is an idiopathic, non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory stenotic lesion of renal arteries causing renovascular hypertension up-regulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Case report: A 18-year-old man was referred to our Hypertension Center (Clinica e Terapia Medica) for the recent onset of hypertension, poorly controlled on calcium channel blockers, already associated to electrocardiographic and echocardiography signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and significant albuminuria (728 mg/24 h). An increased plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone level and a mild hypokalemia raised the suspicion of renovascular hypertension. Read More

Can J Cardiol 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa. Electronic address:

We present a case of severe renal artery stenosis that mimicked a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute kidney injury, active urine sediments and severe hypertension. Simultaneous presence of secondary hyperaldosteronism and hypokalemia prompted renal angiogram and subsequent renal artery angioplasty and stenting, thus leading to rapid resolution of acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hypertension. Our case emphasizes the importance and benefits of prompt diagnosis and revascularization of acute severe renal artery stenosis in a patient with history of atherosclerotic renovascular disease presenting with sudden onset of severe hypertension and acute kidney injury with active urine sediment mimicking rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Read More

J Urol 2021 Apr 21:101097JU0000000000001801. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Front Neurol 2021 30;12:655303. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.

deletions are associated with a rare familial moyamoya angiopathy with extracranial manifestations. We report the case of an adolescent male presenting with progressive and symptomatic moyamoya angiopathy and severe dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a hemizygous deletion of . He was treated for renovascular hypertension by left kidney homograft and right nephrectomy in infancy and had other syndromic features, including cryptorchidism, growth hormone deficiency, and facial dysmorphism. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is defined as an elevated blood pressure caused by kidney hypoperfusion, generally as a result of anatomic stenosis of the renal artery with consequent activation of the Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System. The main causes include genetic and inflammatory disorders, extrinsic compression, and idiopathic alterations. RVH is often asymptomatic and should be suspected in any child with refractory hypertension, especially if other suggestive findings are present, including those with severe hypertension, abdominal bruit, and abrupt fall of glomerular filtration rate after administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2021 Jun 13;47(6). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.

Present in more than one billion adults, hypertension is the most significant modifiable risk factor for mortality resulting from cardiovascular disease. Although its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, the disruption of the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS), consisting of the systemic and brain RAS, has been recognized as one of the primary reasons for several types of hypertension. Therefore, acquiring sound knowledge of the basic science of RAS and the underlying mechanisms of the signaling pathways associated with RAS may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets with which to promote the management of patients with cardiovascular and kidney disease. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Nephrology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, 1-6-7 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) has long been known to be associated with hypertension. While renal artery stenosis (RAS) is considered one of the causes of hypertension with MMD, most hypertension causes remain unexplained. A boy with MMD was diagnosed with renovascular hypertension (RVH) due to left-sided RAS by angiography. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Ireland.

Background: Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic hypertension (CH) have been linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to examine the association between these conditions and adverse pregnancy outcomes over the last three decades, and to examine if the risk was modified by parity, maternal age, and body mass index (BMI). We also investigated whether different subtypes of CKD had differing effects. Read More

Cells 2021 Mar 31;10(4). Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901, USA.

Background: Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) confers clinical and mortality benefits in select 'high-risk' patients with renovascular disease (RVD). Intra-renal-delivered extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) protect the kidney in experimental RVD, but have not been compared side-by-side to clinically applied interventions, such as PTRA. We hypothesized that MSC-derived EVs can comparably protect the post-stenotic kidney via direct tissue effects. Read More

Life (Basel) 2021 Mar 7;11(3). Epub 2021 Mar 7.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is conditioned mainly by two disturbances: fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis of the renal artery. RAS is an example of renovascular disease, with complex pathophysiology and consequences. There are multiple pathophysiological mechanisms triggered in response to significant renal artery stenosis, including disturbances within endothelin, kinin-kallikrein and sympathetic nervous systems, with angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) playing a central and key role in the pathogenesis of RAS. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2021 Mar;46(3):187-93

Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Encephalology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Taichong"(LR3) on blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, baroreflex sensitivity, and α 2-adrenergic receptor (α2AR) expression in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in hypertensive rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of hypertension.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham-operation, model, EA, and sham-EA (non-acupoint) groups, with 12 rats in each group. The hypertension model was established by occlusion of the right renal aorta (two-kidney-one clip method). Read More

J Urol 2021 Jun 1;205(6):1812-1813. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Rev Cardiovasc Med 2021 Mar;22(1):175-179

'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 507184 Iasi, Romania.

Renal artery aneurysms, although rare, may give rise to complications both per se (due to the risk of thrombosis and subsequent wall rupture) and by impairment of the renal function (due to extrinsic compression and high blood pressure). We describe a paucisymptomatic young patient with acute thrombosis of a massive dissecting renal artery aneurysm, for which the successful treatment was performed through ex-vivo vascular surgery followed by autotransplantation of the reconstructed kidney. The aneurysm was described through abdominal echography, computed tomography angiography, and transfemoral transcatheter arterial angiography. Read More

Curr Hypertens Rep 2021 03 29;23(4):18. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, 9th Floor Beurger Building, 3405 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Turner syndrome (TS), neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1), and William Syndrome (WS) are 3 genetic conditions that are all associated with a substantial increase in risk of hypertension. In this review, we focus on factors leading to hypertension and on clinical manifestations and management of hypertension in children and adolescents with these genetic conditions RECENT FINDINGS: In most instances, hypertension is secondary. There is a high prevalence of masked hypertension in TS; however, the extent to which control of the BP helps reduce the risk of aortic dissection/aneurysm in TS is not yet fully elucidated. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2021 Mar 26. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is the most common underlying disease in Korean pediatric renovascular hypertension (RVH). The () p.R4810K variant is reported to be a pathologic variant in East Asian MMD. Read More

Front Neurosci 2021 4;15:642015. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oligomeric proantho cyanidins (OPC) is the main polyphenol presents in grape seed and is known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we hypothesize that OPC can attenuate oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), ameliorate neurotransmitter imbalance, decrease the blood pressure and sympathetic activity in renovascular hypertensive rats. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 12;11(1):5816. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Cardiovascular Autonomic Research Cluster, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1040, New Zealand.

We have previously shown that elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP) within physiological ranges in normotensive animals increase arterial pressure; termed the intracranial baroreflex. Hypertension is associated with alterations in reflexes which maintain arterial pressure however, whether the intracranial baroreflex is altered is not known. Hence, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that in hypertension, physiological increases in ICP would not be accompanied with an increase in arterial pressure. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 29;11:602985. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States.

Activation of the renin angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure, which is mainly attributed to the formation of angiotensin-II (Ang II). The actions of Ang II are mediated through binding to the Ang-II type 1 receptor (AT1R) which leads to increased blood pressure, fluid retention, and aldosterone secretion. In addition, Ang II is also involved in cell injury, vascular remodeling, and inflammation. Read More

Hypertension 2021 Apr 10;77(4):1022-1028. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville (A.K., G.C., R.M.).

Hypertension 2021 Apr 10;77(4):1311-1322. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

From the Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil (M.V.F.S., M.R.M., G.M.L., M.R.L., G.F., J.V.M., D.S.A.C., E.C.).

[Figure: see text]. Read More

Int J Hypertens 2021 20;2021:8820646. Epub 2021 Feb 20.

Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: The prevalence and severity of hypertension, as well as the activity of the systemic and local renin angiotensin systems (RASs), are gender related, with more symptoms in males than in females. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated sex differences in renal vascular responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) administration with and without Ang II type 1 and Mas receptor (ATR and MasR) antagonists (losartan and A779) in the 2K1C rat model of renovascular hypertension. Read More

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021 May;77(5):673-684

Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; and.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine if açai seed extract (ASE) could reverse pre-existing cardiovascular and renal injury in an experimental model of renovascular hypertension (2 kidney, 1 clip, 2K1C). Young male rats (Wistar) were used to obtain 2K1C and sham groups. Animals received the vehicle, ASE (200 mg/kg/d), or enalapril (30 mg/kg/d) in drinking water from the third to sixth week after surgery. Read More

Biochem Pharmacol 2021 Apr 27;186:114491. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, The American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt. Electronic address:

Diabetic nephropathy is a major health challenge with considerable economic burden and significant impact on patients' quality of life. Despite recent advances in diabetic patient care, current clinical practice guidelines fall short of halting the progression of diabetic nephropathy to end-stage renal disease. Moreover, prior literature reported manifestations of renal dysfunction in early stages of metabolic impairment prior to the development of hyperglycemia indicating the involvement of alternative pathological mechanisms apart from those typically triggered by high blood glucose. Read More

J Urol 2021 May 24;205(5):1504-1505. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Internist (Berl) 2021 Mar 17;62(3):223-235. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenbergerweg 80, 13125, Berlin, Deutschland.

A genetic influence on blood pressure was demonstrated more than 100 years ago and a simple Mendelian inheritance was initially presumed. Platt and Pickering conducted a lively debate on this topic. Platt favored the idea that a single gene or only a few genes were responsible for high blood pressure. Read More

Arq Bras Cardiol 2021 01;116(1):12-13

Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Agrárias de Itapeva (FAIT), Itapeva, SP - Brasil.

Arq Bras Cardiol 2021 01;116(1):4-11

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE - Brasil.

Background: Strength training has beneficial effects on kidney disease, in addition to helping improve antioxidant defenses in healthy animals.

Objective: To verify if strength training reduces oxidative damage to the heart and contralateral kidney caused by the renovascular hypertension induction surgery, as well as to evaluate alterations in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (n=6/group): sham, hypertensive, and trained hypertensive. Read More