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Kidney Int 2022 Jun;101(6):1304

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.

J Urol 2022 May 20:101097JU0000000000002772. Epub 2022 May 20.

Cureus 2022 Apr 10;14(4):e24004. Epub 2022 Apr 10.

Radiology, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman, JOR.

Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) is among the most prevalent causes of treatment-resistant hypertension. Mostly it is caused by renal artery stenosis (RAS). With atherosclerosis being the most common cause of RAS, RAS due to external compression by the diaphragmatic crus is rare. Read More

Transl Neurosci 2022 Jan 20;13(1):72-79. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.

Background: The classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has an important role in the cardiovascular system and water homeostasis in the body. Recently, the existence of RAS with all of its components has been shown in the mammalian brain. RAS participates in many brain activities, including memory acquisition and consolidation. Read More

Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2021 Oct-Dec;14(4):561-563. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is characterized by narrowing of the descending aorta between the distal aortic arch and the aortic bifurcation. We present the case of a 4-year-old male presenting with a murmur and diagnosed with MAS. He was treated with a thoracoabdominal bypass graft. Read More

Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2022 May 4:e3611. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

Renal arterial stenosis (RAS) often causes renovascular hypertension, which may result in kidney failure and life-threatening consequences. Direct assessment of the hemodynamic severity of RAS has yet to be addressed. In this work, we present a computational concept to derive a new, noninvasive, and patient-specific index to assess the hemodynamic severity of RAS and predict the potential benefit to the patient from a stenting therapy. Read More

Function (Oxf) 2022 8;3(3):zqac017. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Deparment of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 53226 Wisconsin, USA.

Human hypertension caused by in-frame deletion of exon-9 (Cul3∆9) is driven by renal and vascular mechanisms. We bred conditionally activatable Cul3∆9 transgenic mice with tamoxifen-inducible Tie2-CRE mice to test the importance of endothelial Cul3. The resultant mice (E-Cul3∆9) trended towards elevated nighttime blood pressure (BP) correlated with increased nighttime activity, but displayed no difference in daytime BP or activity. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 21;14(3):e23350. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Cardiology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, IND.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a potentially treatable cause of renovascular hypertension and it typically affects young females. FMD usually involves distal two-thirds of the renal artery and percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) is the treatment of choice for FMD with resistant hypertension. PTRA is a safe procedure with minimal complications. Read More

J Urol 2022 Apr 25:101097JU0000000000002724. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

J Pers Med 2022 Mar 28;12(4). Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Interventional Cardiology, The John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland.

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitute a large proportion of patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). However, the mechanism of impaired renal function and hypertension in this subset of patients is multifactorial. We aimed to investigate whether, in diabetic patients, renal function (RF), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values following stent-supported angioplasty (PTA) for ARAS have an impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Read More

Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022 Apr 22. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of chronic kidney disease and secondary hypertension. In animal models, renal ischemia leads to downregulation of growth-factor expression and loss of intrarenal microcirculation. However, little is known about the sequelae of large vessel occlusive disease on the microcirculation within human kidneys. Read More

Endocr Rev 2022 Apr 18. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Emergency Medicine Unit and Specialized Center of Excellence for Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Italy.

An altered secretion of adrenocortical and adrenomedullary hormones plays a role in the clinical syndromes of primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing's and pheochromocytoma. Moreover, an altered production of adrenocortical hormones and/or an abnormal release of factors by the adrenal medulla are involved in several other diseases, including high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, primary reninism, renovascular hypertension, Addison's disease, Bartter's, Gitelman's syndromes, and virilization syndromes. Understanding the regulation of adrenal function and the interactions between adrenal cortex and medulla is, therefore, the prerequisite for mechanistic understanding of these disorders. Read More

Pharmacol Rep 2022 Apr 9. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.

Background: Vascular dementia is the second most prevalent form of dementia. Hypertension is the leading risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and the progression of dementia that is of vascular origin. This study investigates the role of ulinastatin (UTI) and quercetin alone as well as in combination in hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular dementia (VaD). Read More

Hypertension 2022 06 6;79(6):1275-1285. Epub 2022 Apr 6.

Manaaki Manawa - The Centre for Heart Research and the Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

Background: Peripheral arterial chemoreceptors monitor the chemical composition of arterial blood and include both the carotid and aortic bodies (ABs). While the role of the carotid bodies has been extensively studied, the physiological role of the ABs remains relatively under-studied, and its role in hypertension is unexplored. We hypothesized that activation of the ABs would increase coronary blood flow in the normotensive state and that this would be mediated by the parasympathetic nerves to the heart. Read More

Kidney360 2021 May 26;2(5):842-856. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Clinical Pharmacology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAStenosis) or renal artery occlusion is an intractable problem affecting about 6% of people >65 and up to 40% of people with coronary or peripheral vascular disease in the Unites States. The renal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a key role in RAStenosis, with renin (which is mainly produced in the kidney) being recognized as the driver of the disease. In this study, we will determine a new function for the transcription factor Sox6 in the control of renal renin during RAStenosis. Read More

Yale J Biol Med 2022 03 31;95(1):57-69. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.

: Renovascular hypertension elicits cardiac damage and remodeling. Two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) is an experimental model used to study hypertension pathophysiology. In this model, the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) is overactive due to renal artery stenosis, leading to cardiac remodeling. Read More

J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022 04;33(4):408-409

Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Endowed Chair of Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

Mol Biol Rep 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário da Fundação Hermínio Ometto, FHO, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Calorie restriction (CR) is a type of dietary intervention that is essential in weight loss through modulation of critical metabolic control pathways, is well established and understood in cases of systemic arterial hypertension, however, its role in renovascular hypertension is still unclear.

Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, and two groups that underwent surgery to clip the left renal artery and induce renovascular hypertension (OH and OHR). The SHAM diet was as follows: 14 weeks normolipidic diet; OH: 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 12 weeks hyperlipidic diet, both ad libitum; OHR, 2 weeks normolipidic diet + 8 weeks ad libitum high-fat diet + 4 weeks 40% calorie-restricted high-fat diet. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2022 Mar 28. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Spontaneous renal artery dissection refers to endarterial dissection of the renal artery that occurs with unknown cause. Herein, we describe a 45-year-old woman who presented with pain in her right flank and abdomen together with elevated blood pressure and hypokalemia. We made the diagnosis of an enhanced renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and obtained enhanced abdominal computed tomography images, which showed right renal artery dissection with a large false lumen and narrowed true lumen. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2022 Apr 24;11(7):e024421. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Denmark.

Background The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effects of renal artery stenting in consecutive patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and high-risk clinical presentations as defined in a national protocol developed in 2015. Methods and Results Since the protocol was initiated, 102 patients have been referred for revascularization according to the following high-risk criteria: severe renal artery stenosis (≥70%) with true resistant hypertension, rapidly declining kidney function, or recurrent heart failure/sudden pulmonary edema. At baseline, the mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure was 166. Read More

J Urol 2022 06 23;207(6):1336-1337. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

Ann Vasc Surg 2022 Mar 12. Epub 2022 Mar 12.

Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an uncommon cause of pediatric hypertension. Guidelines for workup and management have not been established. The most widely reported etiology of the pediatric renovascular disease has been fibromuscular dysplasia; however, other etiologies including middle aortic syndrome (MAS) and vasculitides have been described. Read More

J Am Heart Assoc 2022 03 9;11(6):e023655. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Division of Hypertension and Nephrology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan.

Background We investigated the early postoperative effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and the circadian characteristics of natriuresis and autonomic nerve activity. Methods and Results A total of 64 patients with hypertension with hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis (mean age, 60.0±21. Read More

J Hypertens 2022 May 4;40(5):1042-1049. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard/Heerlen, The Netherlands.

Flash pulmonary oedema is a life-threatening complication of renal artery stenosis. We report a very rare complication in a patient with bilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis who underwent unilateral renal artery angioplasty because of recurrent flash pulmonary oedema. Shortly after the procedure, she developed extreme polyuria (over 201 in the first 48 h) with massive natriuresis (>1000 mmol urinary sodium excretion in the first 24 h). Read More

Radiographics 2022 May-Jun;42(3):E94-E95. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

From the Department of Radiology, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde and Glasgow University, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, Scotland (G.R.); Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis (O.W.); and Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (M.R.P., E.M.H.).

This review guides readers through the selection and setup of standardized MR angiography (MRA) protocols for the abdomen and pelvis for common clinical applications. Topics covered include renovascular MRA in potential kidney donors and in patients with hypertension; hepatic and mesenteric MRA in potential liver donors, patients with portal hypertension, and patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia; pelvic MRA for pretreatment planning before uterine fibroid embolization and in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome; and abdominal wall MRA for planning of breast reconstructive surgery. This module is the fifth in a series created on behalf of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Angiography (SMRA), a group of researchers and clinicians who are passionate about the benefits of MRA but understand its challenges. Read More

Med Clin North Am 2022 Mar 2;106(2):269-283. Epub 2022 Feb 2.

Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 423 Guardian Drive, 831 Blockley, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality globally. Many patients with hypertension have secondary causes of hypertension that merit further evaluation. For example, secondary hypertension can result in target organ damage to the heart, kidneys, and brain independent of the effects of blood pressure. Read More

Hypertens Res 2022 May 22;45(5):802-813. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.

Borneol is a bicyclic monoterpene that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to increase blood-brain barrier permeability and has shown promising cardiovascular effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of borneol on vascular tone, blood pressure, autonomic function, and baroreflex sensitivity in normotensive and hypertensive rats. A combination of in vitro and in vivo assays was performed in 2-kidneys-1-clip hypertensive rats (2K1C) and their controls (sham). Read More

Pregnancy Hypertens 2022 Feb 11;28:41-43. Epub 2022 Feb 11.

Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto 94305, United States. Electronic address:

Pregnancy may increase signs of renovascular stress. We compared pregnant sham operated (S) and 5/6 nephrectomy (NX) rats to examine the effect of pregnancy on reduced nephron number. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), body weight (BW), food/water intake, serum creatinine (Cr), urinalyses were assessed weekly, and end pregnancy renal histology examined. Read More

Rheumatol Adv Pract 2022 7;6(1):rkac005. Epub 2022 Feb 7.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Curr Opin Pediatr 2022 04;34(2):223-228

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital. Miami, Florida, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Takayasu arteritis is a rare chronic granulomatous large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta and its branches. The purpose of this review is to unite the current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology, cause, and epidemiology as well as diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of this condition in children.

Recent Findings: Although the etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, studies suggest an autoimmune basis for the disease as well as a genetic predisposition. Read More