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Res Rep Urol 2021 6;13:227-236. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.

The landscape of managing ureteric stones has evolved over the last few decades and several treatment options exist depending on the stone size, location, and other patient and stone factors. While open surgery is now rarely performed, the use of medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been controversial and perhaps only recommended for large distal ureteric stones. The mainstay treatment balances between shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS), with the latter usually recommended for larger stones. Read More

J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021 May 10:102161. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address:

Objectives: Although urolithiasis is relatively common in the general population, there is limited information on this condition available in the pregnant population. The objectives of this study are to identify the incidence of urolithiasis in pregnancy, as well as to compare maternal and fetal outcomes associated with urolithiasis in pregnancy.

Methods: Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from the United States, a population-based retrospective cohort study consisting of pregnant women who delivered between 1999 and 2015 was conducted. Read More

Clin Nephrol Case Stud 2021 7;9:54-58. Epub 2021 May 7.

Nephrology Division, NY Harbor VA Medical Center, and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

We recently encountered concern about the safety of bariatric surgery for a patient with cystinuria. Bariatric surgery procedures include those that cause malabsorption, like the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure, and restrictive operations, such as the sleeve gastrectomy. These procedures produce beneficial effects on health and life expectancy, though whether kidney stones are prevented, as well as promoted, is not established. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 Apr 25. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

Department of Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China.

Background: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in kidney calculi patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: The data of 22 renal stone patients (25 kidney units) with AS who underwent PCNL in our institute from January 2008 to December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. General information of these patients, intraoperative and postoperative data were recorded. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2021 30;74(1):128-130. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on all domains of urology. Annual educational conferences by prominent urological bodies were suspended, due to the inability of conventional conference to adhere to social distancing stipulations. Innovative methods of healthcare delivery were therefore required to mitigate some of financial, health, training and research implications. Read More

Clin Chim Acta 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca 07122, Spain. Electronic address:

Background And Aims: Uric acid (UA) kidney stones account for 10 to 11% of all kidney stones, and this percentage has increased over time. An accurate, rapid, simple, and low-cost test is needed to distinguish urine that is susceptible and resistant to the formation of UA crystals. The aim of this paper is to develop a test to assess the risk for UA crystallization (RUAC) and to validate its utility in routine clinical practice by analysis of urine samples of UA stone formers and healthy volunteers. Read More

Urologiia 2021 May(2):106-108

Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.

This manuscript provides an overview of the available literature about unilateral combination of nephrolithiasis and renal tumor. Analysis of publications has shown that ipsilateral staghorn calculus and kidney tumors are an extremely rare combination. The majority of these infrequent papers describe case reports where the method of treating such patients is limited by the capabilities and competence of the surgeon or clinic. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2021 May;74(4):442-445

Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. España.

Uric acid renal stones are a frequent and important part of our clinical practice. Conservative treatment through diet and urine alkalinization with citrate and teobromina seem a promising combination for treatment of those stones. We show on our cases a complete resolution of staghorn stone at 12 weeks of allopurinol and lit-control pH Up treatment, without adverse events and avoiding surgical treatment. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2021 May;74(4):389-396

Oficina de Investigación. Confederación Americana de Urología (CAU). Departamento de Cirugía/Urología. Escuela de Medicina. Universidad del Valle. Cali. Colombia.

Objective: Aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the preoperative placement of JJ stent compared to not doing in patients undergoing ureteroscopy for ureteral and kidney stone.

Materials And Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter study. Adult patients, who underwent ureteroscopy treatment for ureteral and kidney stone, were recruited from August 2017 to March 2019, in 23 Argentine institutions. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2021 Feb;71(2(B)):602-607

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan, Karachi.

Objective: To compare upper versus lower calyceal approaches in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for managing renal calculi.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Urology, The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, and comprised data of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy from January 2014 to January 2015. Patients were divided into upper pole puncture group A and lower pole puncture group B. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 28;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Eindhoven, Netherlands.

A 52-year-old man with a history of urolithiasis presents to the emergency department with a sudden, sharp, continuous right flank colicky pain. Laboratory workup demonstrates acute kidney injury with a mild hyperkalaemia. During the observation period, the patient develops an atypical broad complex sinus bradycardia and eventually short asystolic periods. Read More

Nephrol Ther 2021 Apr;17S:S100-S107

Service de physiologie - explorations fonctionnelles rénales et métaboliques, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.

Cystinuria is the most common monogenic nephrolithiasis disorder. Because of its poor solubility at a typical urine pH of less than 7, cystine excretion results in recurrent urinary cystine stone formation. A high prevalence of high blood pressure and of chronic kidney disease has been reported in these patients. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Apr 27;22:e931404. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Department of Internal Medicine, Benefis Health System, Great Falls, MT, USA.

BACKGROUND Perinephric hematomas are rare, especially following ureteral stent placement. Etiologies of perinephric hematomas include post-extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, Wunderlich syndrome, and renal cell carcinoma, none of which occurred in our patient, who underwent stent replacement. Subcapsular renal hematoma, rather than a perinephric hematoma, can occur following double-J ureteral stent placement. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 21;13(3):e14027. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT.

This article describes the case of a 38-year-old male who presented to the ED with three days history of gradually progressing right-sided lower abdominal pain, which had increased in severity two hours prior to his ED visit. The patient was anorexic but denied experiencing any fever, urinary malfunctions, or chills. Blood tests showed an elevated serum creatinine level of 123 umol/L and a high C-reactive protein level of 62 mg/L. Read More

Urology 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Professor and Consultant Urological Surgeon, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK. Electronic address:

Objective: To look at the safety and outcomes of using ureteral access sheath (UAS) for paediatric renal stones. The use of UAS is variable in urological practice with very little clinical work on their use in paediatric kidney stone disease.

Patients And Methods: Data was retrospectively collected from two large European tertiary endourology centres for all paediatric patients (≤16 years) with renal stones who underwent flexible ureteroscopy and lasertripsy (FURSL) via UAS. Read More

World J Urol 2021 Apr 22. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey.

Purpose: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is the first option in the treatment of pediatric kidney stones; however, optimal frequency is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare low frequency [60 shocks per minute (SWs/min)] and intermediate frequency [90 SWs/min] in terms of lithotripsy success, complications, cardiac arrhythmia, anesthesia time, secondary procedures, and efficiency quotient (EQ) in children.

Methods: Seventy-eight consecutive children who received SWL for radiopaque renal stones between July 2016 and January 2020 were randomly divided into two groups: Group 60 (SWL frequency: 60 SWs/min) and Group 90 (SWL frequency: 90 SWs/min). Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 Apr;9(11):2602-2610

Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China.

Background: Spontaneous renal rupture is a rare disease in the clinic. The causes of spontaneous renal rupture include extrarenal factors, intrarenal factors, and idiopathic factors. Reports on infection secondary to spontaneous renal rupture and the complications of spontaneous renal rupture are scarce. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(16):e25589

Department of Medicine, Princefield University, P.O. Box MA 128, Ho-Volta Region, Ghana, West Africa.

Rationale: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a clinicoradiological phenomenon first observed 2 decades ago. Reversibility is the hallmark of this rare clinical phenomenon once the triggering pathology is aptly and adequately treated. Tinnitus preceding bilateral hearing loss as a symptomatology of RPLS has not been reported in the literature. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8521. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.

We present here the three-dimensional (3D) visualization fused with ultrasound and to evaluate its clinical application effect preliminarily. One hundred and eighteen patients with renal calculi in our hospital from September 2017 to December 2019 were prospectively randomized into two groups. The experimental group was treated with percutaneous renal puncture guided by the 3D visualization fused with ultrasound. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate whether the pediatric extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) nomograms can predict stone-free status in children effectively and whether they are applicable to our series. We hypothesize that two current nomograms predicting successful treatment with ESWL in pediatric patients are valid.

Study Design: We evaluated 415 renal units (children <18 years) with eligible data who received ESWL treatment for upper urinary tract stones. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2021 Apr 17;21(1):176. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a relatively safe and convenient mode of treatment for ureteral and renal stones, despite its relative safety; ESWL is not without its complications. We present a case of a patient we managed for small bowel obstruction and strangulation due to an adhesive internal hernia after ESWL was done because of right ureteral calculi.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 59-year-old patient who presented with severe abdominal pain a few hours after ESWL because of a right upper ureteric calculus. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2021 Mar 11;47. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.

The presence of lower pole stones poses a unique challenge due to the anatomical considerations involved in their management and treatment. Considerable research has been performed to determine the optimal strategy when faced with this highly relevant clinical scenario. Standard options for management include observation, shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Read More

Br J Radiol 2021 May 16;94(1121):20210013. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Urology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.

Objectives: Studies show insufficient sensitivity of virtual non-contrast (VNC) reconstructions for stone detection in dual-energy CT urography (DE-CTU). The aim of this study was to investigate if side-by-side-evaluation of both VNC and post-contrast images could increase the sensitivity of single-phase split bolus DE-CTU.

Methods: Consecutive patients with haematuria who underwent split bolus DE-CTU on the same dual-source DE-CT scanner were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Urology, JN Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed-To-Be-University), JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.

Introduction: The high success rates of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the clearance of large renal calculi has made it a primary mode of surgical management in adults. Similarly, in children too PCNL has been gaining ground and the indications for the same are on the rise. We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of this technique, in children below 18 years of age. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Urinary stones are a common health problem, necessitating frequent outpatient visits and hospital admissions. Ureteric stones demand special attention, given their propensity for upstream hydroureteronephrosis and loss of renal function. They are usually predisposed by diverse anatomical, functional or metabolic abnormalities of the urinary tract and have an early symptomatic presentation. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2021 Jul-Aug;47(4):894-895

Divisão de Urologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Int Braz J Urol 2021 Jul-Aug;47(4):887-889

Unidade de Pesquisa Urogenital, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Urolithiasis 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Urology, Marien Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625, Herne, Germany.

To evaluate factors affecting the outcomes of short-term Mono-J insertion for 6 h following ureteroscopic stone removal. Patients treated with a Mono-J for 6 h after ureterorenoscopy and stone removal were analysed. FaST 1 and 2 (Fast Track Stent Studies), two consecutive single academic centre studies, were conducted between August 2014 and April 2018. Read More

J Endourol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5925, Department of Urology, New York, New York, United States;

Purpose Radiation exposure from fluoroscopy poses risks to patients and surgeons. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has traditionally required fluoroscopy, however the use of ultrasound (US) has decreased radiation exposure. US-guidance in supine PCNL may further reduce radiation exposure. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 8;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

We report a rare case of non-fused renal ectopia with pelviureteric junction obstruction and multiple pelvic and renal calculi thereby discussing vascular anatomy of the non-fused ectopic kidney along with robot assisted surgical management of this rare clinical entity which amounts for good preoperative workup for best surgical and clinical outcome. Read More