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Zhongguo Gu Shang 2020 Jun;33(6):540-5

Department of Traumatology, Sichuan Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of zheng's massage combined with electroacupuncture in the treatment ofreflex sensory dystrophy syndrome of the wrist.

Methods: From October 2016 to September 2018, 48 cases of reflex sensory dystrophy syndrome of the wrist were divided into the observation group and the control group. In the observation group, there were 24 cases, including 10 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 54 to 76 years old, with an average age of (61. Read More

Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 2020 Jun 18. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Florence Nightingale Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of the surgical treatment performed with a buttress plate for the trochlear and distal capitellum fractures with posterior extension in the humerus.

Methods: The data belonging to 6 female and 4 male patients with a mean age of 43.8±11. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jun;99(23):e20527

Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, China.

Background: Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) is a common complication in post-stroke patients. SHS has a large impact on patients and their families, communities, healthcare systems and businesses throughout the world. Non-pharmaceutical therapy for post-stroke SHS is the most common treatment in clinical practice, but their effectiveness is still unclear. Read More

Eur J Transl Myol 2020 Apr 1;30(1):8643. Epub 2020 Apr 1.

Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is often diagnosed in patients who are recovered with surgery or injury. CRPS is usually diagnosed in patients recovering from distal radius fractures. The aim of study was the effects of aspirin in prevention of the complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following a fracture of distal radius. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2020 May;26(3):425-430

Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey.

Background: Distal tibial epiphyseal fractures damage to epiphyseal growth plate. Epiphyseal growth arrest (EGA), reflex sympathetic dystrophy and ankle joint stiffness may also occur after distal tibial epiphyseal injury. This study aims to evaluate the role of trauma mechanism, fracture pattern and fixation technique on clinical outcomes and EGA in the surgically treated distal tibial epiphyseal fractures. Read More

Cortex 2020 Jun 13;127:248-268. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

There is some evidence that people with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) show reduced attention to the affected relative to unaffected limb and its surrounding space, resembling hemispatial neglect after brain injury. These neuropsychological symptoms could be related to central mechanisms of pathological pain and contribute to its clinical manifestation. However, the existing evidence of changes in spatial cognition is limited and often inconsistent. Read More

Lasers Surg Med 2020 Mar 22. Epub 2020 Mar 22.

Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (LARAL/UFSC), Rua Pedro João Pereira, 150, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, CEP 88905-120, Brazil.

Background And Objectives: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is defined as an extreme and chronic pain condition, and photobiomodulation has relevance as a complementary treatment for CRPS. The objective of this study was to verify the effects of photobiomodulation (PBMT) therapy protocols at two wavelengths 660 and 830 nm, associated or not to nicotine in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I).

Study Design/materials And Methods: Sixty-four Swiss mice were divided into the following groups: (i) Naive, (ii) Sham, (iii) Control, (iv) 660 nm, (v) 830 nm, (vii) Nicotine, (vii) Nicotine/660 nm, and (viii) Nicotine/830 nm. Read More

Mediterr J Rheumatol 2019 Mar 28;30(1):16-25. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a perplexing painful syndrome of the extremities usually following a harmful event. It is distinguished in two types, mainly depending on the presence of nerve injury. Although its prevalence may vary depending on social and ethnic factors, middle-aged women seem to suffer most often and the upper limb is the most commonly affected extremity. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2020 Feb;45(2):152-6

Institute of Chinese Medicine History and Literature, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700.

Objective: To observe the effect contralateral needling of in improving pain, edema and limb dysfunction in stroke patients with shoulder-hand syndrome.

Methods: A total of 62 patients with post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were divided into a control group and an observation group, 31 cases in each one. The routine treatment with internal medicine and rehabilitation manipulation was adopted in the two groups. Read More

Local Reg Anesth 2020 31;13:11-16. Epub 2020 Jan 31.

Internal Medicine, Hematology, Radiology, Natural Cure, Cologne (Köln) 50968, Germany.

Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (PNP) as well as the Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), also known as "Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy", or "Sudeck Dystrophy", all of them have a poor prognosis. The numerous therapeutic offers are rarely accompanied by convincing success over a long duration of time. Even worse is the prognosis of a fixed dystonia which may develop in the extremities of PNP or CRPS patients. Read More

BMC Neurol 2020 Feb 19;20(1):62. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Claverton Down Road, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.

Background: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) presents as chronic, continuous pain and sensory, autonomic, and motor abnormalities affecting one or more extremities. People with CRPS can also show changes in their perception of and attention to the affected body part and sensory information in the affected side of space. Prism Adaptation (PA) is a behavioural intervention targeted at reducing attention deficits in post-stroke hemispatial neglect. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2020 Jan;8(2):318-324

Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.

Background: Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection, metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.

Case Summary: We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2020 03;84(3S Suppl 2):S141-S150

Sports and Occupational Rehab Center, Henrico, VA.

Background: We have utilized relative motion splinting for early motion following acute repair of boutonniere injuries, and we have developed nonoperative orthosis-based therapy for the treatment of chronic injuries. We offer our early clinical experience using relative motion flexion splinting for boutonniere deformities and explain the anatomic rationale that permits immediate active motion and hand use following acute injury or repair. For chronic boutonniere deformity, we offer a nonsurgical management method with low morbidity as a safe alternative to surgery. Read More

J Neurochem 2020 03 27;152(5):570-584. Epub 2020 Jan 27.

Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Local microvascular dysfunction and consequent tissue ischemia/hypoxia contribute to the symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and peripheral neuropathic pain. As nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of microvascular blood flow, compounds that increase it are potentially therapeutic for these pain conditions. This led us to hypothesize that the topical administration of drugs that modulate local tissue NO levels can alleviate the pain of CRPS and peripheral neuropathic pain. Read More

Rev Bras Anestesiol 2019 Nov - Dec;69(6):594-604. Epub 2019 Dec 3.

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tabriz, Irã. Electronic address:

Background And Objectives: Calcitonin is a polypeptide hormone regulating the metabolism calcium in the body. For many years calcitonin has been used to maintain and improve bone mineral density and to reduce the fracture rate. Many studies showed that calcitonin had analgesic role in several painful circumstances. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2019 Oct;44(10):762-5

The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510405, China.

Objective: To investigate short-term and long-term efficacy of PGLA thread-embedding therapy in the treatment of stage Ⅰ post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome.

Methods: A total of 60 patients with stage Ⅰ post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, with 30 patients in each group. The patients in the control group were given acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training, and those in the treatment group were given PGLA thread-embedding therapy combined with rehabilitation training. Read More

Cureus 2019 Aug 11;11(8):e5363. Epub 2019 Aug 11.

Rheumatology, Advocate Aurora Health, Brookfield, USA.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), formerly known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy, is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder with significant autonomic features. Recently, it has been recognized that CRPS is not simply a sympathetically mediated peripheral pain condition but rather a disease of the central nervous system as well. Herein, we present a case of a patient who presented with complaints of severe pain following a traumatic event, severing his extensor tendon of his right fifth finger. Read More

Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2020 Feb 20;30(2):221-226. Epub 2019 Sep 20.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Place du Docteur Baylac, 31059, Toulouse, France.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to determine whether postoperative administration of vitamin C (VC) is associated with reduced risk of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I) after subacromial shoulder surgery (SaSS). The secondary objective of the study was to identify risk factor for the development of CRPS-I after SaSS.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate 542 patients undergoing SaSS from January 2015 to December 2016. Read More

Clin Rehabil 2019 10;33(10):1699-1700

Hong Kong Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.

Case Rep Womens Health 2019 Jul 24;23:e00136. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Chapeltown Road, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. As the aging population grows, the demand for the procedure is projected to increase. While highly successful, TKA has associated risks and complications. Read More

Depress Anxiety 2019 11 29;36(11):1036-1046. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.

Background: Cannabis can be prescribed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain, and comorbid cannabis use disorder (CUD) can occur in both conditions. Research demonstrates that PTSD and chronic pain commonly co-occur.

Methods: Data were acquired from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (N = 36,309). Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2019 Sep 18;859:172555. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (Unesc), 88006-000, Criciúma (SC), Brazil; Graduated Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. Electronic address:

Complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS-I) is a chronic painful pathology still undertreated. CTK 01512-2 is a recombinant version of the spider peptide Phα1β, and it functions as a voltage-gated calcium channel blocker and a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist with antinociceptive effect in different pain models. Here, we investigate the mechanisms involved in the acute and chronic nociceptive phases of a model of CPRS-I in mice and assess the antinociceptive effect of CTK 01512-2 using this model. Read More

Hum Brain Mapp 2019 10 12;40(15):4381-4396. Epub 2019 Jul 12.

Center for Pain and the Brain, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

The evaluation of brain changes to a specific pain condition in pediatric and adult patients allows for insights into potential mechanisms of pain chronicity and possibly long-term brain changes. Here we focused on the primary somatosensory system (SS) involved in pain processing, namely the ventroposterolateral thalamus (VPL) and the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). We evaluated, using MRI, three specific processes: (a) somatotopy of changes in the SS for different pain origins (viz. Read More

Curr Pain Headache Rep 2019 May 6;23(6):41. Epub 2019 May 6.

, New York, USA.

Purpose Of Review: The world faces a crisis in pain management. CRPS is a multifaceted painful disorder, which is difficult to treat and resolve. Ozone therapy has unique mechanisms of actions that may directly address the emerging discoveries of factors related to pathogenesis of the disorder and other pain conditions. Read More

Br J Anaesth 2019 Aug 2;123(2):e424-e433. Epub 2019 May 2.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai West and St. Luke's Hospitals, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address:

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a life-altering condition that usually affects the extremities after a trauma or nerve injury. The physiologic changes that occur as a result of the inciting injury are complex, as the name of the syndrome implies. The pain and disability associated with CRPS often lead to psychological co-morbidities that create a vicious cycle of pain, isolation, and depression. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Aug 1;128:e649-e652. Epub 2019 May 1.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA.

Background: Neuromodulation is an evolving therapy for chronic pain. Aiming to meet the limitations of traditional spinal cord stimulation, dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation targets pain in a dermatomal distribution at the site of pain transmission. Despite these advantages, lead migration is a significant complication that hinders the long-term efficacy of DRG stimulation. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Jun 30;28(6):1578-1585. Epub 2019 Mar 30.

Ankara Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate whether combining fluidotherapy to conventional rehabilitation program provides additional improvements on pain severity, upper extremity functions, and edema volume in patients with poststroke complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS).

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Training and research hospital. Read More

Reumatismo 2019 04 1;71(1):31-36. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Children’s Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:

We discuss the case of a 27-month-old girl afflicted with fibromuscular dysplasia. She presented with hemiatrophy of left upper and lower limbs, nail dystrophy, ulcers on the tips of her toes, cold and painful limbs, foot drop, and hypertension. The initial appearance started at 2 months of age and other diagnoses such as complex regional pain syndrome, reflex sympathetic syndrome, vasculitis and coagulation disorders had been considered. Read More

Acta Orthop Belg 2018 Sep;84(3):338-344

Prevention of CRPS-1, a post-traumatic pain syndrome, after a distal radius fracture is important as this syndrome might lead to chronic pain and serious disabilities. In several studies, it was shown that CRPS-1 can be cured with exercise and graded activities. In a prospective cohort study, a home exercise program with progressive loading exercises was applied immediately after cast removal in patients with a distal radius fracture. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 May 28;28(5):1388-1399. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China. Electronic address:

Background: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is the common complication among stroke and cerebral injury patients, which is lack of safe and effective treatment. Electroacupuncture (EA) may potentially be a reliably therapy, but the evidence is insufficiency.

Methods: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, the Chinese Biology Medicine disc, etc. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2019 Feb;15(640):495-502

Service de réadaptation de l'appareil locomoteur, Clinique romande de réadaptation suvacare, Grand-Champsec 90, 1950 Sion.

The Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (previously algodystrophy) is a rare affliction that usually affects a distal extremity (hand, foot). It occurs most frequently within weeks following a traumatic injury or stroke. It is a syndromic entity whose diagnosis is based on precise criteria, known as the Budapest criteria, excluding any disease that better explains the symptoms. Read More

Front Neurosci 2019 5;13:19. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Ashirvad Institute for Pain Management and Research, Mumbai, India.

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019 03;44(3):376-387

Department of Pain Management, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44024, USA

This account of the condition now termed complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) spans approximately 462 years since a description embodying similar clinical features was described by Ambroise Paré in 1557. While reviewing its historical origins, the text describes why it became necessary to change the taxonomies of two clinical syndromes with similar pathophysiologies to one which acknowledges this aspect but does not introduce any mechanistic overtones. Discussed at length is the role of the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and why its dysfunction has both directly and indirectly influenced our understanding of the inflammatory aspects of CRPS. Read More

Pain 2019 06;160(6):1261-1269

Department of Endocrine Research, Medical Hospital I, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Local osteopenia and altered bone metabolism are major complications of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), but quantitative assessment is difficult unless using X-ray or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Ultrasound-based measurement of bone density (UBD) is a possible alternative but has never been used to detect unilateral disease such as CRPS. Therefore, the main outcome measure of this prospective study was the diagnostic utility of UBD in patients with lower-limb CRPS. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2019 Jun 5;94(6):293-296. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Letonia; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, Reino Unido.

The case is presented of a 14 year-old patient diagnosed with Sudeck's syndrome secondary to uneventful foot trauma. The patient complained of decreased visual acuity along with photophobia and intense ocular pain not correlated with the exploratory findings. Sudeck's syndrome is an idiopathic neuropathic inflammatory disease characterised by disproportionate pain, unrelated to a previous traumatic event, which can evolve to severe and generalised pain. Read More

Neuromodulation 2019 Dec 30;22(8):937-942. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Abbott Laboratories, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.

Introduction: Neuromodulation is an important tool for achieving pain relief in otherwise-intractable neuropathic pain conditions. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation, in which primary sensory neurons are stimulated prior to their entry into the spinal canal, provides treatment with high levels of dermatomal specificity and can provide advantages compared to conventional spinal cord stimulation. Although DRG stimulation can produce perceptible paresthesias, many patients operate their systems at subthreshold amplitudes that do not elicit this sensation. Read More

Pain 2019 06;160(6):1402-1409

Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) develops after fracture. The acute CRPS phenotype resembles exaggerated inflammation, which is explained by local and systemic activation of a proinflammatory network including peptides and cytokines. Epidemiologic data suggest that inactivation of the peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients treated for hypertension increases the odds to develop CRPS. Read More

Br J Pain 2019 Feb 13;13(1):35-42. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

SI 'Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine', Kyiv, Ukraine.

Introduction: Mirror therapy requires a minimum of equipment, is relatively simple to perform and effective for various pathological conditions. The effect of mirror therapy on body schema disturbances registered in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) patients has not yet been determined.

Methods: The study is based on the analysis of the treatment results of 30 patients with CRPS I, developed as a result of the distal radius fractures, with help of mirror therapy together with exercise therapy and medications. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2019 Mar 11;18(3):270-278. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, United States. Electronic address:

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) has been considered to be an autoimmune disease and there have been clinical trials with intravenous immunoglobulin. Often the etiology of the so-called CRPS diagnosis cannot be discerned and there are no validated instruments that provide functional metrics. The term complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), coined in 1994 to describe patients in whom the pain is out of proportion to the injury, was actually a diagnosis proposed during the American Civil War, but was originally known as causalgia. Read More

Neuromodulation 2019 Dec 9;22(8):930-936. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Objectives: This was a sub-analysis of the ACCURATE clinical trial that evaluated the accuracy and necessity of targeting paresthesia coverage of painful areas with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation vs. tonic spinal cord stimulation (SCS).

Materials And Methods: On diagrams of the torso and lower limbs, subjects marked where they felt pain at baseline and paresthesias at three months postimplant. Read More

Disabil Rehabil 2020 Apr 7;42(7):892-901. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.

To identify the existing evidence evaluating the cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy treatments for people with neurological disorders. Multiple databases were searched from database inception until July 2018. Studies estimating the cost-effectiveness as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, cost per quality-adjusted life year, cost per disability-adjusted life year and cost per other measurable results were included. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2018 Nov;43(11):733-7

1Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China; 2Clinical Medical College of Acu-moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405.

Objective: To analyze the factors influencing the therapeutic effect of "Shoulder Tri-needles therapy" in the treatment of shoulder-hand syndrome of stroke patients by using machine learning approach, so as to provide a feasibility for improving clinical efficacy.

Methods: A total of 586 stroke patients with shoulder-hand syndrome eligible for this study were involved in our machine learning experiments for classification of the influential factors. Their data including the age, gender, pulse condition, complexion, tongue quality, tongue coating, disease stage, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood glucose, blood triglyceride, blood total cholesterol, smoking history, drinking history, and final outcomes were extracted from the medical record system (from Oct. Read More

Eur J Pain 2019 Apr 14;23(4):835-842. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Unimedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Background: Hypersensitivity and altered sweating are often present in neuropathy patients. Nerve lesions are known to produce sudomotor dysfunctions but also patients suffering from complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS1-a condition without a nerve lesion-present with sweating disorders.

Methods: Using proton nuclear magnetic resonance of sweat water, we quantified sweat output of mice suffering from a nerve lesion or a bone fracture without nerve lesion and correlated their sweating with behavioural paw hypersensitivity accessed in von Frey testings, water applications and weight-bearing measured with an incapacitance metre. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(50):e13272

Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.

Rationale: Continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetic may be an alternative to sympathetic blocks in refractory cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a well-known complication associated with this technique, especially in patients with immune deficiencies. We herewith report a cervical SEA associated with an epidural catheter in a woman with CRPS and selective IgG3 subclass deficiency. Read More

Neurotherapeutics 2019 01;16(1):9-25

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Pain is a frequent cause of physician visits. Many physicians find these patients challenging because they often have complicated histories, emotional comorbidities, confusing examinations, difficult problems to fix, and the possibility of factitious complaints for attention or narcotic pain medications. As a result, many patients are lumped into the category of chronic, centralized pain and relegated to pain management. Read More

Pain Med 2019 03;20(3):429-433

Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2018 Dec;23(4):554-561

* Department of Occupational Therapy, The University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: To investigate the role of psychological factors (anxiety and depression) and pain measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) following the distal radius fracture (DRF).

Methods: A consecutive sample of patients (N=60) with a distal radius fracture was measured for signs of CRPS by Budapest criteria weekly till 8 weeks and then another follow-up one year after injury to determine the incidence and predictors of developing CRPS I in a prospective cohort study and also to discover whether there is difference between pain, depression, and anxiety level in the patients with and without CRPS I. The most of the patients were treated by Pin stabilization. Read More

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 05 24;90(5):608-614. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

There have been many articles highlighting differences and similarities between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and functional neurological disorders (FND) but until now the discussions have often been adversarial with an erroneous focus on malingering and a view of FND as 'all in the mind'. However, understanding of the nature, frequency and treatment of FND has changed dramatically in the last 10-15 years. FND is no longer assumed to be only the result of 'conversion' of psychological conflict but is understood as a complex interplay between physiological stimulus, expectation, learning and attention mediated through a Bayesian framework, with biopsychosocial predisposing, triggering and perpetuating inputs. Read More