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Am J Case Rep 2022 Jun 15;23:e935472. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND A flare, or flare-up, of systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is diagnosed by an increase in disease activity in one or more organs, new symptoms, or changes in laboratory measurements. A hematoma can occur in the sheath of the rectus abdominis following muscle trauma or rupture of an epigastric vessel, or it can occur spontaneously. This report is of a 28-year-old woman who presented with a clinical flare of SLE and abdominal pain due to rectus sheath hematoma. Read More

Int J Clin Pract 2022 12;2022:7436827. Epub 2022 Feb 12.

Department of Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Rectus sheath hematoma is a rare self-limited presentation that has become a concern in hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving anticoagulant therapies.

Method: A retrospective multicentric study was conducted in referral hospitals affiliated with the Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, between June and August 2021. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 that were complicated with rectus sheath hematoma during hospitalization were included. Read More

Turk J Emerg Med 2022 Apr-Jun;22(2):114-117. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Department of Emergency and Trauma, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, Petaling, Selangor, Malaysia.

Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a life-threatening condition. Its pathology lies behind its unique anatomy. Critically ill COVID-19 patients are managed in the emergency department for longer periods while awaiting critical care admission. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2022 04 19;166. Epub 2022 Apr 19.

Dijklander Ziekenhuis, Hoorn. Afd. Chirurgie.

We present the case of a 79-year old woman with acute abdominal swelling and pain after coughing. She was in hemorrhagic shock and received blood transfusion after which hemodynamic stabilization occured. This case illustrates that a rectus sheath hematoma can be the (uncommon) cause of acute abdominal pain and shock. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 Apr;28(4):477-482

Department of General Surgery, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara-Turkey.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 1.75 million deaths in the world to date. Although the leading cause of mortality is respiratory disorders and thromboembolic pathologies, other rare pathologies may also increase mortality and morbidity. Read More

Intern Med 2022 Apr 23. Epub 2022 Apr 23.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University Medical Center, Japan.

Clin Case Rep 2022 Apr 18;10(4):e05768. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

Department of Surgery School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.

We report herein a case of a 58-year-old woman with COVID-19. During the hospitalization, the patient complained of acute abdominal pain, and abdominal CT revealed the rectus sheath hematoma (RSH). Since corticosteroids and anti-coagulation are commonly administered in COVID-19 patients, physicians should consider RSH as a possible diagnosis for acute abdominal pain. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2022 May 24;17(5):1737-1740. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.

A non-traumatic abdominal wall hematoma is rare, and occurs occasionally due to coughing, physical activity, or antithrombotic/anticoagulant therapy. The condition is usually unilateral; however, rare bilateral cases have been reported. Here, we report a rare case of a non-traumatic bilateral rectus sheath hematoma. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Mar 1;16(1):87. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Department of General Medicine, Whangarei Hospital, Northland District Health Board, Whangarei, New Zealand.

Background: Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant. Catastrophic hemorrhage is a known adverse outcome associated with anticoagulant use. Of all potential bleeding sites, hemorrhage into the rectus sheath is a rare and unusual complication. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2022 Apr 23;56(3):269-276. Epub 2022 Jan 23.

Department of Neuroradiology, 170131Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Taranto, Italy.

Objective: This study aims to describe the results achieved in the management of rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) using glue embolization.

Method: Data about all consecutive patients presenting with RSH, between January 2005 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. RSHs were classified according to the Berna CT scan Classification. Read More

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022 Jun 15;48(3):2157-2164. Epub 2022 Jan 15.

Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Av. Pueyrredon 1640, C1118AAT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Purpose: Rectum sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rare and often misdiagnosed disease. We aimed to determine outcomes of patients affected by RSH and identify variables associated with the need of prompt intervention.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with RSH during the period 2012-2020 were retrospectively identified. Read More

Hernia 2022 Jan 10. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

Department of General Surgery, Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board, Pontyclun, UK.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of Trans Rectus Sheath Extra-Peritoneal Procedure (TREPP) in patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair.

Methods: In compliance with PRISMA statement standards, electronic databases were searched to identify all studies reporting the outcomes of TREPP in patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair. The outcomes of interest included recurrence, chronic pain, haematoma, and wound infection. Read More

Cureus 2021 Nov 29;13(11):e20008. Epub 2021 Nov 29.

Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston, USA.

Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a common entity with no clearly established protocol for management. Existing literature on RSH is outdated and does not incorporate modern technological advances in medicine and imaging. A total of 21 studies were included in this literature review based on PubMed and Google Scholar searches. Read More

Am Surg 2022 May 26;88(5):1003-1005. Epub 2021 Dec 26.

Department of Surgery, 8789University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 has been implicated in a number of extra-pulmonary manifestations including rhabdomyolysis. It is hypothesized to be secondary to direct muscle damage from the virus. The usual treatment of rhabdomyolysis is resuscitation with aggressive fluid management to prevent acute renal failure. Read More

Cureus 2021 Oct 16;13(10):e18821. Epub 2021 Oct 16.

Cardiolgy, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, USA.

Rectus sheath hematomas can occur due to nontraumatic increases in abdominal pressure from respiratory disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This case study describes a 59-year-old male who was on dual antiplatelet therapy after a right coronary percutaneous intervention for acute coronary syndrome. He developed abdominal pain and ecchymosis on dual antiplatelets and was found to have a rectus sheath hematoma. Read More

Chirurgia (Bucur) 2021 Oct;116(eCollection):1-7

In this study,we aim to present the clinical features of patients with rectus sheath hematoma(RSH), as well as the condition's therapeutic management and results. The study included patients who were diagnosed with and received treatment for spontaneous RSH between the years 2010 and 2020. The demographic and clinical features of the patients, as well as follow-up parameters, were analyzed retrospectively. Read More

Cureus 2021 Aug 10;13(8):e17058. Epub 2021 Aug 10.

Radiology, Mediland Hospital, Baku, AZE.

Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is an infrequent condition that occurs when epigastric arteries bleed into the rectus sheath and sometimes acts like an acute abdomen. In view of the fact that it is a rare case without specific clinic signs, misdiagnosis and use of invasive manipulations for patients are possible. A 27-year-old woman applied to our clinic with abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. Read More

Int J Emerg Med 2021 Jul 23;14(1):40. Epub 2021 Jul 23.

Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Madani Street, Tehran, 161776341, Iran.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, as a global public health emergency, has come with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and complications. In this study, we present a unique complication of this disease. PRESENTATION OF CASES: (A) A 65-year-old woman with a known case of COVID-19; on the second day of admission, the patient presented sudden tachycardia and hypogastric pain; on abdomen physical examination, a huge lower abdominal tender mass was noticed. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 6;13(5):e14870. Epub 2021 May 6.

General Surgery, Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, TUR.

This case report presents a large left rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) case developed in a COVID-19 patient who had received no anticoagulant therapy before hospital admission. It discusses the patient's diagnosis and treatment process. A 78-year-old woman was admitted to the ED with acute cough and shortness of breath. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2021 Jun;30(6):633-637

Department of General Surgery, Medical School, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for developing rectus sheath hematoma (RSH).

Study Design: An observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of General Surgery, Hitit University School of Medicine, Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Turkey; from January 2018 to April 2020. Read More

Br J Haematol 2021 09 7;194(5):923-927. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 27;2021(5):rjab180. Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Surgery, Lismore Base Hospital, New South Wales 2480, Australia.

Rectus sheath haematoma (RSH) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain. Despite being previously viewed as a benign, self-limiting condition, there is increasing evidence suggesting significant local and systemic complications with RSH. We present a case of an 82-year-old female who developed a large RSH following prescription of therapeutic anticoagulation for her new onset atrial fibrillation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 24;14(5). Epub 2021 May 24.

Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, Michigan, USA

Indian J Surg 2022 Apr 8;84(2):418-424. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of General Surgery, Medical College, Kashan, Iran.

Since venous microthrombotic and thromboembolic events in end organs have been pathophysiologically confirmed as a component of thrombo-inflammatory cascade in COVID-19 syndrome, anticoagulant prescription with prophylactic or therapeutic goal is recommended. Different guidelines for the above are introduced; however, there is no general consensus on any neither the type of anticoagulant nor for the dosage and duration of prescription. In our medical center, adopted internal guideline was considered for patients COVID-19. Read More

AME Case Rep 2021 25;5:16. Epub 2021 Apr 25.

West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.

Pregnancy, surgery, and trauma are known risk factors for the development of rectus sheath hematomas (RSHs). The exact incidence of RSH during pregnancy is unknown, however this disease carries a risk of complication and even mortality. The role of infection in this condition is less known with only a few reported case studies in medical literature. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Apr 1;22:e931080. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA.

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), often manifests a coagulopathy in severely ill patients, which may cause hemorrhage and/or thrombosis of varying severity. This report comprises the cases of 3 patients with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy who were evaluated with thromboelastography (TEG) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to enable personalized anticoagulant therapy. CASE REPORT Three patients presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, who developed thrombohemorrhagic coagulopathy. Read More

Surg Today 2021 Oct 17;51(10):1649-1654. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Surgery, Moriguchi-Keijinkai Hospital, 2-47-12 Yagumo-higashimachi, Moriguchi, Osaka, 570-0021, Japan.

Purpose: Abdominal incisional hernia is a frequent complication of major abdominal operations. Our method of performing mesh repair under the anterior lamina of the rectus sheath (MUAR) involves placing mesh between the dorsal surface of the anterior rectus sheath and the rectus abdominis muscle. We evaluated the short-term and long-term outcomes of our MUAR method. Read More

Clin Imaging 2021 Nov 14;79:12-19. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Shamplion Street, Alexandria 21131, Egypt. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report imaging findings at computed tomography angiography (CTA) and venography (CTV) of the abdomen and pelvis in evaluation of hemorrhagic and thrombotic lesions in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, patients admitted to a single tertiary care center from April 1 to July 20, 2020, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and developed acute abdominal pain or decreasing hemoglobin levels over the course of hospitalization were included. Abdominal CTA/CTV imaging studies performed in these patients were reviewed, and acute hemorrhagic or thromboembolic findings were recorded. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 3;13(3):e13669. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Emergency Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, TUR.

Iatrogenic rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) developed after paracentesis is a rare but life-threatening complication. Mortality rates of patients may increase due to delays in treatment and comorbid conditions. In this article, we present the case of a patient who was unstable in the emergency department and was diagnosed with RSH using point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). Read More

Braz J Anesthesiol 2021 Jul-Aug;71(4):461-463. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) has a relevant role in the treatment of critically ill patients displaying severe dyspnea. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), a method of NIMV, is also widely used in the management of acute heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, and symptomatic sleep apnea. However, numerous traumatic complications of CPAP treatment in the face region, head, and thorax have been reported and may be related to the application of a continuous positive high pressure to the airway. Read More