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Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko 2021 ;85(3):29-43

Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Moscow, Russia.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of trigeminal radiculopathy with anatomical relationships of trigeminal nerve root, brainstem, tumors and vessels in patients with vestibular schwannomas.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis included 153 patients (106 females and 47 males aged 22-82 years) with vestibular schwannomas who underwent surgery via retromastoid approach. Preoperative trigeminal radiculopathy (facial pain and sensory disturbances) was examined after microsurgical resection. Read More

Front Neurol 2021 1;12:540660. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

The nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in the regulation of neuropathic pain. It has been demonstrated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a well-known contributor to neurogenic inflammation, increases neuroinflammatory pain induced by NGF. The inflammatory mediator that NGF most strongly induces is C-C chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19), which can recruit inflammatory cells by binding to the receptor CCR7 followed by promoting the response of neuroinflammation. Read More

Jpn J Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 19. Epub 2021 Jun 19.

Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical features and symptoms of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD).

Study Design: Retrospective, multicenter study.

Methods: The medical charts of 378 patients with IgG4-ROD diagnosed at 9 hospitals in Japan were reviewed. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021 Jun;62(7):18

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Purpose: The cornea is richly innervated by the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and its function supported by secretions from the adjacent lacrimal (LG) and meibomian glands (MG). In this study we examined how pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene deletion affects the cornea structure and function.

Methods: We used PEDF hemizygous and homozygous knockout mice to study effects of PEDF deficiency on corneal innervation assessed by beta tubulin staining, mRNA expression of trophic factors, and PEDF receptors by adjacent supporting glands, corneal sensitivity measured using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and tear production using phenol red cotton thread wetting. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2021 06 7;21(1):291. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Honorary Consultant in Orofacial Pain Department, International Campus Dental School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Knowing the International Classification of Orofacial Pain helps pain specialists to differentiate types of orofacial pain. It is important to select the best treatment or intervention for the patients based on the diagnosis. As part of our study, we reviewed the article published in BMC Oral Health, titled "Clinical characteristics and associated factors of trigeminal neuralgia: Experience from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia" by Ayele et al. Read More

Prog Retin Eye Res 2021 Jun 7:100974. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Corneal nerves are instrumental to maintain cornea integrity through regulation of key physiological functions such as tear secretion, blink reflex, and neuropeptide turnover. Corneal nerve injury/stimulation can follow many insults including mechanical/chemical trauma, infections and surgeries. Nerve disruption initiates a process named neurogenic inflammation which leads to edema, pain, and recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Read More

Int J Oral Sci 2021 Jun 4;13(1):18. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Orthodontic tooth movement elicits alveolar bone remodeling and orofacial pain that is manifested by tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is upregulated in periodontium and may modulate tooth mechanical hyperalgesia. The objectives were to examine the role of NGF in tooth mechanical hyperalgesia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 28;22(11). Epub 2021 May 28.

Health Science Center at San Antonio, Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Translational Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

The oral cavity is a portal into the digestive system, which exhibits unique sensory properties. Like facial skin, the oral mucosa needs to be exquisitely sensitive and selective, in order to detect harmful toxins versus edible food. Chemosensation and somatosensation by multiple receptors, including transient receptor potential channels, are well-developed to meet these needs. Read More

Molecules 2021 May 17;26(10). Epub 2021 May 17.

Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

We proposed to perform a comparative analysis of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokine receptors on the salivary cells in the saliva obtained from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and normal subjects. Saliva was collected from TN and healthy subjects. Salivary cells were isolated by centrifugation. Read More

J Headache Pain 2021 May 27;22(1):47. Epub 2021 May 27.

Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.

Background: Preceding studies have reported the association of chronic neuropathic orofacial pain with altered ongoing function in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). However, its role in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) lacks attention. We here reported the aspect that vlPAG neurons play in TN nociceptive processing by employing excitatory neuron-specific optogenetic approaches. Read More

Neurology 2021 May 26. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021 ;121(4):38-43

Marat Ospanov West Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Republic of Kazakhstan.

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of laser and radiofrequency denervation in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia.

Material And Methods: The study included 50 patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia who were operated on by laser (group I, =25) or radiofrequency denervation (group II, =25) in the period from 2018 to 2019. To assess the clinical efficacy, we analyzed the dynamics of the pain syndrome level according to the scale of facial pain and the quality of life according to the Short Form Medical Outcomes Study (SF-36), as well as patient satisfaction with the operation according to the Macnab scale, the presence of postoperative surgical complications and adverse effects of anesthesia. Read More

J Headache Pain 2021 May 24;22(1):44. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTN) can have a substantial effect on patient well-being. However, the relation between the neuropathic symptoms and their effect on psychosocial functioning remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between objective and subjective assessments of neurosensory function in PTN and predict neurosensory outcome using baseline measurements. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(20):e25974

Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.

Abstract: Nerve injury especially inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is the one of the complications that occur when the mandibular third molar (M3) is extracted and in case of high risk patients, coronectomy might be an alternative to tooth extraction. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze root migration and its influencing factors at 6 months after coronectomy in both 2- and 3-dimensions using periapical view and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We analyzed 33 cases of root remnant after coronectomy and measured the amount of migration in CBCT. Read More

Neurol India 2021 Mar-Apr;69(Supplement):S206-S212

Department of Anesthesia, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a devastating condition causing significant patient discomfort and morbidity hampering quality of life. Of the many treatment options available, microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is widely performed. However, the procedure is not risk-free. Read More

Neurol India 2021 Mar-Apr;69(Supplement):S199-S205

Associate Consultant Neurologist , Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, New Marine Lines, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful condition, often leading to poor quality of life.

Objective: The aim of this review was to discuss the various treatment modalities for the medical management of TN.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the available literature on TN in clinical databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with a specific focus on the pharmacological treatment and newer drugs under development for the treatment of TN. Read More

J Headache Pain 2021 May 17;22(1):38. Epub 2021 May 17.

Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the possible analgesic effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) on trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A modified TN mouse model was established by chronic constriction injury of the distal infraorbital nerve (dIoN-CCI) in mice, and the possible roles of microglia toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation was investigated.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups, including sham group, vehicle-treated TN group and BoNT/A-treated TN group. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021 May 13. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Lucus Augusti University Hospital, SERGAS, Spain.

Neuroscience 2021 07 6;466:77-86. Epub 2021 May 6.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a glutamate-gated receptor channel that plays a role in peripheral neuropathic pain. Src, a protein tyrosine kinase, can regulate the activation of NMDARs in chronic pain conditions. Pannexin 1 (Panx1), a plasma membrane channel, plays an important role in neuropathic pain and functionally interacts with NMDARs in the pathological condition of epilepsy. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021 04 30;238(4):365-366. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

BMC Neurol 2021 Apr 29;21(1):182. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe pain condition and the most common facial neuralgia. While microvascular decompression (MVD) presents an excellent treatment in neurovascular compression cases, percutaneous thermocoagulation (PT) of the ganglion Gasseri is an alternative option. This study aimed to evaluate post-operative complication rate and outcome of both treatment strategies related to the patient's age. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Apr 21;22(9). Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.

Background: Injury of the trigeminal nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgery can occur. Schwann cell mitochondria are regulators in the development, maintenance and regeneration of peripheral nerve axons. Evidence shows that after the nerve injury, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction occurs and is associated with pain, neuropathy and nerve regeneration deficit. Read More

Molecules 2021 Apr 2;26(7). Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.

Persistent pain following orofacial surgery is not uncommon. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an alarmin, is released by peripheral immune cells following nerve injury and could be related to pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. Distal infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury (dIoN-CCI) evokes pain-related behaviors including increased facial grooming and hyper-responsiveness to acetone (cutaneous cooling) after dIoN-CCI surgery in mice. Read More

PLoS One 2021 29;16(4):e0251013. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Neuropathic pain refers to pain caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system that is characteristically different from nociceptive pain. Moreover, neuropathic pain occurs in the maxillofacial region due to various factors and is treated using tricyclic antidepressants and nerve block therapy; however, some cases do not fully recover. Netrin is a secreted protein crucially involved in neural circuit formation during development, including cell migration, cell death, neurite formation, and synapse formation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 27;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

The authors report a case of fungal otitis media complicated by extension of the infection into adjacent structures causing apical petrositis and subsequently involvement of the jugular foramen in a 71-year-old diabetic man. First described in 1907, Gradenigo's syndrome is a serious but rare clinical triad of acute otitis media, unilateral pain in the distribution of cranial nerve V (trigeminal) and ipsilateral cranial nerve VI (abducens) palsy that commonly presents without all three features and is therefore often missed. In this report, our patient was initially misdiagnosed as having a diabetic cranial neuropathy, and later he developed Vernet's syndrome. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2021 May;32(Suppl 3):1284

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.

J Headache Pain 2021 Apr 26;22(1):31. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia is a characteristic disease that manifests as orofacial phasic or continuous severe pain triggered by innocuous orofacial stimulation; its mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we established a new animal model of trigeminal neuralgia and investigated the role of P2X receptor (P2XR) alteration in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) via tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling in persistent orofacial pain.

Methods: Trigeminal nerve root compression (TNC) was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2021 Jun 16;126:105128. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objectives: To investigate the different changes in nociceptive activity between two animal models of trigeminal neuropathic pain: unilateral external carotid artery ischemic reperfusion and lingual nerve crush in rats.

Design: In this study, changes in nociceptive activity were investigated in unilateral external carotid artery ischemic reperfusion and lingual nerve crush models of trigeminal neuropathic pain in rats. Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) evoked by capsaicin application on the tongue of rats were recorded in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Read More

Quintessence Int 2021 May;52(6):538-546

An orthodontic extraction technique with a ramus mini-screw was used to remove a deeply impacted mandibular third molar contacting the inferior alveolar nerve, avoiding damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and relieving postsurgery inflammation. Case presentation: A 24-year-old man was required to extract impacted third molars for orthodontic treatment. Panoramic radiographs and CBCT images showed that his mandibular left third molar penetrated into the inferior alveolar nerve canal and a distomolar was inverted and impacted distally to the third molar. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Jul 13;277:119489. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China. Electronic address:

Aims: Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) may play an important role in neuropathic pain. Treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain remains a challenge, as common drugs either do not demonstrate beneficial therapeutic effects or induce intolerance in patients.

Main Methods: In a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain, pain caused by the malpositioning of dental implants is similar to that experienced by humans. Read More