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Front Oncol 2021 22;11:646211. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Background: While chemo-radiotherapy improves local control in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, it can also increase acute hematological toxicity (HT), which leads to poor outcomes. Patients receiving bone marrow radiation have been shown to develop acute HT. However, the safety and efficacy of bone marrow sparing is undetermined. Read More

South Asian J Cancer 2020 Jul 26;9(3):121-125. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, SRHU, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

 The purpose of the study was to evaluate the short-term response and acute toxicities in muscle-invasive carcinoma urinary bladder treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation.  Thirty patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer were treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy every 3 weeks. Response assessment was done after 4 weeks with repeat cystoscopy and imaging. Read More

Prostate Int 2021 Mar 11;9(1):48-53. Epub 2020 Aug 11.

Department of Urology, Fundacio Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Late onset of radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (RHC) after radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may present or evolve severely, requiring hospitalization with invasive interventions. In the present study, we have analysed the prevalence and risk factors associated with the onset of RHC.

Methods: From January 2002 to May 2017, 1421 patients undertook RT for PCa as a primary, adjuvant, or salvage treatment option. Read More

Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021 30;27:100368. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Han Yu Road 181, 400030 Chongqing, China. Electronic address:

Background: The efficacy and safety of prostate SBRT in men with mCRPC is unknown.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 125 men diagnosed with mCRPC. All patients received ADT plus chemotherapy. Read More

Eur Urol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium; ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment is burdened by high rates of late urinary adverse events (UAEs). The feasibility of robot-assisted cystectomy (RAC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) for treatment of high-grade UAEs has never been assessed.

Objective: To report perioperative outcomes, early (≤90 d) and late (>90 d) complications among patients undergoing RAC for UAEs after RT. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 27;13(2):e13590. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Medicine, Coliseum Medical Centers, Macon, USA.

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare disease of the urinary bladder, caused by gas-forming bacteria, which can become life-threatening without appropriate evaluation. This report describes the case of a 77-year-old male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type II, who presented with suprapubic pain associated with frequency, urgency, dysuria, and gross hematuria involving the passage of clots. A review of systems was negative for weight changes, history of malignancy, urolithiasis, exposure to industrial chemicals, history of gastrointestinal tract disease, radiation therapy, and trauma. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Mar 17;57(3). Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Radiology, University of Trieste, ASUGI, Ospedale di Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy.

Interventional radiology of the male urogenital system includes percutaneous and endovascular procedures, and these last consist mostly of transcatheter arterial embolizations. At the kidney level, arterial embolizations are performed mainly for palliative treatment of parenchymal tumors, for renal traumas and, less frequently, for arteriovenous fistulas and renal aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. These latter may often require emergency intervention as they can cause renal or peri-renal hematomas or significant hematuria. Read More

Urol Ann 2020 Oct-Dec;12(4):301-308. Epub 2020 Oct 15.

Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.

To review all published evidence regarding the use of Electromotive Drug Administration (EMDA) for the management of urological conditions, focusing on efficacy and safety, and highlighting areas that require further study. The PubMed and Medline databases were searched up to July 23, 2019. All studies reporting the use of EMDA to enhance the intravesical administration of therapeutic drugs for urological conditions were included. Read More

Drug Des Devel Ther 2021 11;15:1157-1165. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Aim: Long-term ketamine use is known to create an interstitial cystitis-like problem in the bladder. It is known that long-term intermittent ketamine is applied to the children receiving radiotherapy for sedation. This study was planned to investigate whether this effect seen in the bladder causes similar changes in the kidneys, testicles, epididymis and ductus deferens. Read More

Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021 Jan-Dec;20:1533033821995277

Division of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Purpose: Approximately 5%-10% of men who receive prostate cancer radiotherapy will suffer from radiation cystitis. Bladder filling before the administration of radiotherapy results in lower radiation exposure to the bladder. BladderScan, an ultrasound-based bladder volume scanner, has the potential to evaluate bladder volume during radiotherapy; thus, a prospective pilot study was initiated. Read More

Strahlenther Onkol 2021 Jun 10;197(6):537-546. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Platform Radiooncology and Nuclear Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Purpose: In a previous study we have shown in a mouse model that administration of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibitor thalidomide has promising therapeutic effects on early radiation cystitis (ERC) and late radiation sequelae (LRS) of the urinary bladder. The aim of this study was to evaluate in the same mice the effect of thalidomide on adherens junction (AJ) proteins in ERC and LRS.

Methods: Urothelial expressions of E‑cadherin and β‑catenin were assessed by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) bladder specimens over 360 days post single-dose irradiation on day 0. Read More

Caspian J Intern Med 2020 ;11(4):410-418

Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Acute radiation proctitis (ARP) is a usual adverse effect in patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy. The symptoms include diarrhea, rectal blood or mucus discharge, fecal urgency and tenesmus with pain. Sucralfate, an aluminum-based salt of sucrose octasulfate, is a cytoprotective agent that forms a coating barrier at injured sites by adhering to mucoproteins. Read More

Clin Pract 2021 Feb 25;11(1):110-123. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

Department of Pathology, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.

A broad spectrum of lesions, including hyperplastic, metaplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and reactive, may mimic cancer all along the urinary tract. This narrative collects most of them from a clinical and pathologic perspective, offering urologists and general pathologists their most salient definitory features. Together with classical, well-known, entities such as urothelial papillomas (conventional (UP) and inverted (IUP)), nephrogenic adenoma (NA), polypoid cystitis (PC), fibroepithelial polyp (FP), prostatic-type polyp (PP), verumontanum cyst (VC), xanthogranulomatous inflammation (XI), reactive changes secondary to BCG instillations (BCGitis), schistosomiasis (SC), keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia (KSM), post-radiation changes (PRC), vaginal-type metaplasia (VM), endocervicosis (EC)/endometriosis (EM) (müllerianosis), malakoplakia (MK), florid von Brunn nest proliferation (VB), cystitis/ureteritis cystica (CC), and glandularis (CG), among others, still other cellular proliferations with concerning histological features and poorly understood etiopathogenesis like IgG4-related disease (IGG4), PEComa (PEC), and pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations (post-operative spindle cell nodule (POS), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT)), are reviewed. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2021 Mar;74(2):215-223

Servicio de Urología. Hospital General Universitario de Castellón. Castellón de la Plana. España.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC).

Material And Method: Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with hematuria secondary to HRC after pelvic radiation from January 2005 to January 2017 who were treated with HBOT. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2021 05 26;158:321-322. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.

Radiother Oncol 2021 05 26;158:323-324. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.

Bioengineered 2021 Dec;12(1):815-820

Department of Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravesical instillation treatment of Kangfuxin liquid (KFL) combined with thrombin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) for radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in patients with cervical cancer. A total of 34 patients with radiation-induced HC of grade 2-4 were treated with intravesical instillation of KFL combined with thrombin and EGF until the complete disappearance of hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Gentamicin was added if white blood cells were detected and bacterial culture was positive in the urine. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

MedicalPark Goztepe Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine, Radiation Oncology Bahcesehir University Faculty of Medicine MedicalPark Antalya Hospital, Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Istanbul, Turkey.

Background: Total body irradiation (TBI) is the cornerstone of conditioning regimens in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As the late effects and survival comparison between TBI and chemotherapy were well analyzed before, in this study, we aim to focus on the first 100 days and early complications of transplantation.

Methods: This retrospective study involves 72 pediatric patients (0 to 18 y) underwent first hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia between October 2015 and May 2019. Read More

Brachytherapy 2021 Feb 18. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Purpose: To describe technical challenges and complications encountered during and after high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) and review management of these complications.

Methods And Materials: The authors performed a systematic review of the literature on toxicities encountered after prostate HDR-BT +/- external beam radiotherapy. A total of 397 studies were identified, of which 64 were included. Read More

Res Rep Urol 2021 5;13:49-62. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare entity accounting for 0.2% of all malignant urinary bladder neoplasms, and the diagnosis could be challenging. We present here a patient with urinary bladder MALT lymphoma and review of all published case reports in the literature. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2021 05 3;158:312-320. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.

Purpose: To identify patient- and treatment-related risk factors for fistula, bleeding, cystitis, pain and difficulty in voiding in locally advanced cervical cancer patients treated with radio(chemo)therapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT).

Material And Methods: Morbidity within the EMBRACE-I study was prospectively reported for physician-assessed (CTCAE) fistula, bleeding and cystitis and patient-reported (EORTC) pain and difficulty in voiding. Analysis of risk factors was performed in patients without bladder infiltration. Read More

Int Neurourol J 2021 Jan 19. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Urology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea.

The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) is increasing with the increase in aging population. Accordingly, interest and frequency of radiation therapy (RT) are also increasing. The types of RT may be broadly divided into external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), and combination therapy (EBRT + BT). Read More

Cureus 2020 Dec 17;12(12):e12132. Epub 2020 Dec 17.

Internal Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, USA.

Radiation cystitis can present as gross hematuria and occurs secondary to irritation of the bladder urothelium. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) is commonly used for the treatment of hemorrhagic cystitis for evacuation of blood clots and to maintain catheter drainage. Most commonly, CBI is performed using 0. Read More

Brachytherapy 2021 May-Jun;20(3):576-583. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Dr. József Baka Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaposvár, Hungary.

Purpose: To report 8-year clinical outcome with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost using MRI-only workflow for intermediate (IR) and high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PC) patients.

Methods And Materials: Fifty-two patients were treated with 46-60 Gy of 3D conformal radiotherapy preceded and/or followed by a single dose of 8-10 Gy MRI-guided HDRBT. Interventions were performed in a 0. Read More

J Contemp Brachytherapy 2020 Dec 16;12(6):562-571. Epub 2020 Dec 16.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Purpose: Intracavitary vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) cylinders are limited in treating upper/apical vaginal disease due to the distance between the target and radiation source positions. Interstitial brachytherapy devices directly expose the vaginal mucosa to radiation sources, increasing morbidity. To target apical disease while limiting excessive treatment to the vaginal mucosa and organs at risk, we modified the commercially available multichannel MIAMI applicator, allowing the direct extension of needles into the apex with the protection of cylinder. Read More

Int J Med Sci 2021 1;18(3):756-762. Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Department of Urology, Jiangsu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China.

Curing hemorrhagic cystitis remains a challenge. We explore a continuous and effective treatment for hemorrhagic radiation cystitis. The data of patients in 6 provincial cancer hospital urology departments between April 2015 and December 2019 was reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Palliat Support Care 2021 Jan 12:1-10. Epub 2021 Jan 12.

University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Objective: Delirium is a frequent complication in advanced cancer patients, among whom it is frequently underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. To date, evidence on risk factors and the prognostic impact of delirium on outcomes remains sparse in this patient population.

Method: In this prospective observational cohort study at a single tertiary-care center, 1,350 cancer patients were enrolled. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2021 Jan 2;56(1):118-121. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Department of Systems Medicine, GI Unit, University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Radiation-induced hemorrhagic gastritis (RIHG) is a rare but potentially fatal event following radiotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer; the treatment of this condition is not standardized. Only few cases of RIHG have been reported, treated with different therapeutic approaches. Here we report the case of a 79-year-old patient who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer, followed by adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. Read More

Cells 2020 12 24;10(1). Epub 2020 Dec 24.

Department of Radiation Biological Effects, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.

Radiation cystitis is a potential complication following the therapeutic irradiation of pelvic cancers. Its clinical management remains unclear, and few preclinical data are available on its underlying pathophysiology. The therapeutic strategy is difficult to establish because few prospective and randomized trials are available. Read More

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2020 Dec;25:130-147

State Institution «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology NAMS of Ukraine», 82 Pushkinska St., Kharkiv, 61024, Ukraine.

Radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the female genital area, even with the use of modern radiotherapy equipment and dosimetric planning, causes the development of local radiation changes. An approach involving methodsof general and local exposure is used in their treatment. One of the most promising directions is the creation of optimal combinations of medicines (in the form of ointments, gels, aerosols, suppositories, etc. Read More