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Can Urol Assoc J 2019 Feb;13(2):15-23

Department of Surgery (Urology) and Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

J Endourol 2019 Feb;33(2):99

Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

J Geriatr Oncol 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore.

Background: Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is prevalent in the older patients, who are a vulnerable population with multiple co-morbidities and at increased risk of complications. Radical cystectomy is often not suitable, hence radical radiotherapy (RT) is an alternative option. We reviewed the outcomes of older patients treated with RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy (CRT) at our institution. Read More

Radiol Med 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Purpose: Prostatectomy, radiotherapy and watchful waiting are the main therapeutic options available for local stage of prostate cancer (PCa). We report our experience on 394 patients affected by prostate cancer primarily treated with high-dose, image-guided, IMRT, focusing on gastrointestinal, genitourinary toxicities and biochemical control.

Methods: From July 2003 to August 2014, 394 patients were treated with radical high-dose radiotherapy (HDRT) for prostate cancer; the mean total radiation dose was 79 Gy in standard fractions. Read More

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin. Hong Kong.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition.

Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Read More

F1000Res 2018 9;7. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating condition associated with intense pelvic pain and bladder storage symptoms. Since diagnosis is difficult, prevalence estimates vary with the methodology used. There is also a lack of proven imaging tools and biomarkers to assist in differentiation of IC/BPS from other urinary disorders (overactive bladder, vulvodynia, endometriosis, and prostatitis). Read More

Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019 Feb 29;27(1):59-75. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Radiology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Av. Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Estrada Nacional 10, km 37, Setúbal 2900-722, Portugal. Electronic address:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common of bacterial infections. Imaging studies are only required in cases of complicated UTIs. Ultrasound remains the first-line imaging method; however, CT is the gold standard for evaluation of UTIs. Read More

Phytother Res 2019 Feb 14;33(2):370-378. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Urology and Nephrology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Clinical potential of curcumin in radiotherapy (RT) setting is outstanding and of high interest. The main purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to assess the beneficial role of nanocurcumin to prevent and/or mitigate radiation-induced proctitis in prostate cancer patients undergoing RT. In this parallel-group study, 64 eligible patients with prostate cancer were randomized to receive either oral nanocurcumin (120 mg/day) or placebo 3 days before and during the RT course. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2019 Feb 26;38:11-19. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address:

Management of malignant urothelial tumors is often associated with extended costly treatments, some with significant morbidity. Advanced tumors are treated with radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. Over and under interpretation of histological findings from biopsies and transurethral resections of urothelial lesions may either incur treatments with significant side effects or miss a possible window of cure, respectively. Read More

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018 Oct 26;19(10):2745-2750. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Radiation Oncology Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Email:

Objective: Cervical carcinoma is the third most common gynecologic cancer, after ovarian and uterine cancers in Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy (response rate) and toxicity of adding Medium Dose Rate (MDR) brachytherapy with concurrent chemotherapy to External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) for the treatment of locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma. Methods: This phase I-II study was conducted in 2007-2008 at the cancer institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Read More

J Endourol 2019 Feb;33(2):93-98

4 Urology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of endoscopic fibrin glue (FG) application therapy in treating hemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC).

Patients And Methods: This is a single-cohort, prospective pilot study. We collected data from patients with HRC who were treated at our urology unit from May 2014 to December 2016. Read More

Adv Radiat Oncol 2018 Jul-Sep;3(3):339-345. Epub 2018 May 8.

Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Purpose: Dose-volume histogram (DVH) toxicity relationships are poorly defined in men who receive radiation after radical prostatectomy (RP). We evaluated Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) study 0534 and institutional intact normal-tissue sparing guidelines, as well as dose to bladder trigone, for ability to minimize late toxicity.

Methods And Materials: 164 men received intensity modulated radiation therapy (RT) to a median prostate bed dose of 66. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Oct 21;50(10):1745-1751. Epub 2018 Aug 21.

Department of Gynecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland.

Purpose: Given that more cancers are being diagnosed earlier and that treatment of cancer is improving, health issues of cancer survivors are becoming more common and apparent. Pelvic radiation therapy for the treatment of gynecological cancers can lead to long-term collateral damage to the bladder, a condition termed radiation cystitis (RC). Late sequelae may take many years to develop and include incontinence and pain as well as hematuria. Read More

BJU Int 2018 Aug 16. Epub 2018 Aug 16.

Department of Cancer Surgery, Peter MaCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.

Introduction: Haemorrhage is a frequent complication of radiation cystitis leading to emergency presentations in patients with prior pelvic radiation therapy. Standard initial patient management strategies involve resuscitation, bladder washout with clot evacuation and continuous bladder irrigation. Beyond this, definitive surgical treatment is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Read More

Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018 Jul-Aug;23(4):298-299. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Oncological Radiotherapy Operative Unit, Istituti Ospedalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy.

External beam radiation therapy (EMRT) is effective for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Lower urinary tract infections (LUTIs) are considered one of the main possible adverse events related to External beam radiation therapy. Here we analyzed the incidence of LUTI during EMRT. Read More

Open Med (Wars) 2018 30;13:285-293. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro 2-dong, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, Republic of Korea.

This study was conducted to provide practical information for actual preparation of medical volunteering in tropical Asia, mainly the distribution of common illnesses encountered during mission. From 2012 to 2017, we visited two rural areas of Eastern Cambodia for medical volunteering missions, Cham Lak and Khsoem. Neither area has electricity or public water. Read More

Orv Hetil 2018 Aug;159(32):1317-1325

Onkoterápiás Klinika, Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szeged, Korányi fasor 12., 6720.

Introduction: Mortality of prostate carcinoma can be significantly decreased by the use of modern diagnostic and therapeutic options. Patients in early stages can be cured by radical surgery or radiotherapy.

Aim: Overview and comparison of previous and present diagnostic and therapeutic methods regarding accuracy of diagnosis, improvement of efficiency and decrease of toxicities. Read More

Anticancer Res 2018 Aug;38(8):4827-4831

Department of Radiation Oncology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.

Background/aim: Secure dose escalation is required to compensate avoidance of concurrent chemotherapy in radiotherapy for increasing elderly bladder cancer. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lipiodol submucosally injected as a fiducial marker during image-guided radiotherapy (Lip-IGRT) for muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-three patients with T2a-4aN0-1M0 BC underwent whole-bladder irradiation of 46 Gy and Lip-IGRT of 20 Gy, conventionally. Read More

Urology 2018 Oct 29;120:180-186. Epub 2018 Jul 29.

Department of Urology, William Beaumont Hospital, MI; Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI. Electronic address:

Objective: To determine if the vascular damage in bladders of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors with radiation cystitis can be detected through altered angiogenic growth factors in urine.

Methods: Urine samples from PCa survivors with a history of external beam radiation therapy were tested for a panel of angiogenic growth factors by Luminex assay. Urine creatinine levels were measured through high performance liquid chromatography. Read More

Urology 2018 Dec 20;122:1-9. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Urology, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Radiotherapy is widely used as a curative treatment for pelvic malignancies. The location of these organs leads to unavoidable exposure of the bladder, urethra, and distal ureters to radiation and may cause subsequent development of radiation cystitis, fistulae, strictures, and secondary malignancy. As cancer survival improves, an ever-increasing number of patients is living with the long-term complications of radiotherapy. Read More

Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2018 Sep;12(3):344-350

Department of Radiation Oncology.

Purpose Of Review: There are various specific therapeutic intervention available to treat hemorrhagic cystitis, once emergency treatment has been carried out. The lack of prospective studies, because of the relative rarity of this condition, makes it difficult to hierarchize the therapeutic sequence. The present review presents and summarizes the literature published on radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis from April 2015, date of a precedent exhaustive review, to March 2018. Read More

Radiat Oncol 2018 Jun 25;13(1):119. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

National Institute of Radiological Sciences Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.

Background: Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) provides better dose distribution in cancer treatment compared to photons. Additionally, carbon-ion beams provide a higher biological effectiveness, and thus a higher tumor control probability. However, information regarding the dose constraints for organs at risk in C-ion RT is limited. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018 Nov 19;102(3):515-526. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

EBMT Paris Study Office, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, INSERM U938, Hopital Saint Antoine and University UPMC, Paris, France; Hematology Division BMT and Cord Blood Bank, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.

Purpose: Total-body irradiation (TBI) is a major constituent of myeloablative conditioning regimens. The standard technique consists of 12 Gy in 6 fractions over a period of 3 days. The Standard-fractionation compAred to one-daily fRaction total body irrAdiation prior to tranSplant In LEUkemia patieNts (SARASIN) study aimed to compare standard fractionation with once-daily fractionation before transplant in leukemia. Read More

Urologiia 2018 May(2):9-13

RMACPE of Minzdrav of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To investigate the role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of patients with radiation induced urinary bladder injury (radiation cystitis).

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 23 patients with late radiation induced urinary bladder injury who were evaluated and treated using hyperbaric oxygen therapy and bladder instillation. Before and after treatment, all patients underwent cystoscopy with the bladder mucosa biopsy. Read More

Neurourol Urodyn 2018 Nov 28;37(8):2441-2451. Epub 2018 May 28.

Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of human relaxin-2 (hRLX2) in reversing radiation-induced bladder fibrosis and lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Radiation cystitis is a consequence of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. Acutely, irradiation leads to reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in urothelial cells, apoptosis, barrier disruption, and inflammation. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2018 06 18;127(3):423-430. Epub 2018 May 18.

Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.

Background And Purpose: The EMBRACE study is a prospective multi-institutional study on MRI guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) in locally advanced cervix cancer (LACC). This analysis describes early to late urinary morbidity assessed by physicians and patients (PRO).

Material And Methods: A total of 1176 patients were analysed. Read More

Urology 2019 Jan 16;123:295. Epub 2018 May 16.

Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Objective: To describe our technique using photoselective vaporization of the bladder (PVB) for the management of hemorrhagic cystitis and initial results of the procedure in 12 patients.

Materials And Methods: An audit of theater records of a single surgeon was performed to identify patients who had undergone PVB for the management of radiation cystitis. Rigid cystoscopy was performed. Read More

Med Gas Res 2018 Jan-Mar;8(1):29-33. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a medical technique which delivers oxygen at ambient pressures to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood and oxygen distribution to tissues. There are several beneficial properties of HBOT concomitant with elevated oxygen distribution in tissue including anti-inflammation, angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor proliferation, augmented fibroblast activity through fibroblast growth factor proliferation, tissue and wound repair, enhancement of lymphocyte and macrophage activity, increased male testosterone secretion, and bactericidal activity. Given its renown in treating conditions such as decompression sickness and carbon monoxide poisoning, HBOT is making gradual strides for use in genitourinary medicine due to its low risk and likeliness to achieve favorable results. Read More

Exp Mol Med 2018 05 7;50(5):60. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.

The Piezo1 channel is a mechanotransduction mediator, and Piezo1 abnormalities have been linked to several clinical disorders. However, the role of the Piezo1 channel in cystitis-associated bladder dysfunction has not been documented. The current study aimed to discover the functional role of this channel in regulating bladder activity during cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. Read More

Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2018 Mar-Apr;23(2):69-74. Epub 2018 Feb 2.

Department of Radiotherapy, MSR Medical College, Gokula, Bangalore, Karnataka 560054, India.

Aim: This prospective study aims to assess the compliance with bladder protocol and the correlation with enteritis during pelvic radiation.

Background: Bladder protocol is routinely used for patients undergoing pelvic radiation to reduce radiation enteritis. It is very difficult to maintain constant volume especially in the last two weeks due to radiation enteritis and cystitis. Read More

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018 Jul 6;101(3):704-712. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Leeds Cancer Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

Purpose: To present a fully automatic method to generate multiparameter normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models and compare its results with those of a published model, using the same patient cohort.

Methods And Materials: Data were analyzed from 345 rectal cancer patients treated with external radiation therapy to predict the risk of patients developing grade 1 or ≥2 cystitis. In total, 23 clinical factors were included in the analysis as candidate predictors of cystitis. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2018 Apr 13;19(6):38. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To critically review and summarize existing literature assessing the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for the treatment of radiation-induced urologic injury.

Recent Findings: Though 5 of the included 13 studies were published in the last 2-3 years, the only randomized controlled study was performed in 2012. Recent studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of HBOT as well as identified risk factors for success vs. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2018 15;10(3):1036-1052. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Divisions of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.

This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) treatment can effectively inhibit radiation-induced chronic cystitis (CC). Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into group 1 (normal control), group 2 (CC induced by radiation with 300 cGy twice with a four-hour interval to the urinary bladder), group 3 [CC with ECSW treatment (0.2 mJ/mm/120 impulses/at days 1, 7, and 14 after radiation)]. Read More

Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017 Oct 10;6:31-36. Epub 2017 Oct 10.

Department of Radiation Oncology and Image-Applied Therapy, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate the factors associated with the risk of long-term genitourinary (GU) toxicity among high-risk prostate cancer (PC) patients treated with high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods And Materials: Between 2000 and 2011, PC patients treated with 78 Gy in 39 fractions delivered by IMRT combined with neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy were selected from among our database. GU toxicities and clinical factors, as well as separate anatomical urinary structures, were evaluated in terms of their associations. Read More

Urology 2018 06 23;116:55-62. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.

Objective: To investigate whether urinary levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) are elevated in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients with Hunner lesions and also whether urine MIF is elevated in other forms of inflammatory cystitis.

Methods: Urine samples were assayed for MIF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urine samples from 3 female groups were examined: IC/BPS patients without (N = 55) and with Hunner lesions (N = 43), and non-IC/BPS patients (N = 100; control group; no history of IC/BPS; cancer or recent bacterial cystitis). Read More

Undersea Hyperb Med 2018 Jan-Feb;45(1):89-93

Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota U.S.

Introduction: Left-ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are becoming a common therapy for end-stage heart failure. These devicesare not tested for pressurization in a hyperbaricchamber by the manufacturer. In this article, we present an approach to modify the power supply in order to safely treat a patient with an LVAD. Read More

J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018 May 12;365(2):327-335. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Department of Pharmacology, Institution of Neuroscience and Physiology (D.G., L.P., G.T.) and Department of Oncology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden (D.G.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic (L.P.).

Currently, we have assessed the neuronal control of the urinary bladder in radiation cystitis and whether interstitial cells contribute to the condition. Fourteen days after bladder irradiation (20 Gy), rats were sedated and the urinary bladder was cut into two sagittal halves where electrical field stimulation (EFS; 5-20 Hz) was applied on the pelvic nerve afferents or stretch (80 mN) on one-half of the bladder, while contractions were registered on the contralateral half of the bladder in the absence and presence of increasing doses of imatinib (1-10 mg/kg; inhibitor of c-kit-positive interstitial cells), atropine (1 mg/kg; to block muscarinic M receptors), or pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (2 mg/kg; P2 purinoceptor antagonist). Urinary bladders were also excised for organ bath experiments, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Read More

PLoS One 2018 7;13(3):e0193923. Epub 2018 Mar 7.

Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.

Radiation-induced bladder toxicity is associated with radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies, arising from unavoidable irradiation of neighbouring normal bladder tissue. This study aimed to investigate the acute impact of ionizing radiation on the contractility of bladder strips and identify the radiation-sensitivity of the mucosa vs the detrusor. Guinea-pig bladder strips (intact or mucosa-free) received ex vivo sham or 20Gy irradiation and were studied with in vitro myography, electrical field stimulation and Ca2+-fluorescence imaging. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018 02 23;23:141-147. Epub 2017 Nov 23.

Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Haemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC) is a late complication of pelvic radiotherapy. Severe cases are difficult to treat due to persistent or recurrent bleeding, despite urological and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). However, wound healing requires a good nutritional status. Read More

J Sex Med 2018 Jun 13;15(6):907-913. Epub 2018 Feb 13.

USC Institute of Urology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Background: After radical cystoprostatectomy (RC), postoperative erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common consequence with multiple contributing etiologies. The inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) offers patients a definitive treatment option when ED is refractory to medical therapies. Because of the hostile postoperative anatomy of these patients, a careful surgical approach is necessary for successful outcomes and to avoid adjacent organ injury. Read More

BJU Int 2018 05 27;121 Suppl 3:28-32. Epub 2018 Feb 27.

Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.

Objective: To quantify the burden of the side effects of radiotherapy on a tertiary referral urology department.

Patients And Methods: A prospective study of all urology admissions to a public urology department at a tertiary hospital in a 6-month period was performed. Patients admitted with complications attributable to radiotherapy were included in the study. Read More

Urology 2018 Apr 23;114:202-206. Epub 2017 Dec 23.

Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.

Objective: To describe the dramatic and rapid unmasking of urinary-pubic symphysis fistula (UPF) and chronic osteomyelitis after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation. This has never been reported as UPF is usually an insidious sequelae of radiotherapy or energy ablation for prostate cancer.

Methods: We prospectively identified men who underwent rapid clinical decline due to UPF soon after AUS implantation at our institution in the previous 24 months. Read More

Orv Hetil 2017 Dec;158(51):2041-2047

Sugárterápiás Központ, Országos Onkológiai Intézet Budapest, Ráth Gy. u. 7-9., 1122.

Introduction And Aim: To implement lipiodol as a fiducial marker of the tumor bed for image-guided radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost technique as part of radiochemotherapy for muscle invasive bladder tumors.

Method: Since April 2016, radiochemotherapy was performed in 3 male patients with muscle invasive, transitional cell bladder carcinoma. Prior to radiochemotherapy, tumor bed resection was performed for each patient, at the same time 10 ml of lipiodol solution was injected submucosally into the resection site, thus marking the tumor bed for escalated dose irradiation. Read More

Oncotarget 2017 Nov 24;8(57):97331-97343. Epub 2017 Oct 24.

Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.

Radiation therapy (RT) delivers tumour kill, directly and often via bystander mechanisms. Bladder toxicity is a dose limiting constraint in pelvic RT, manifested as radiation cystitis and urinary symptoms. We aimed to investigate the impact of radiation-induced bystander signaling on normal/cancer urothelial cells. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2017 Nov 23. Epub 2017 Nov 23.

Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore.

Aim: External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy boost has demonstrated minimal toxicities and improved disease control rate compared with EBRT alone in observational and randomized studies with predominantly Caucasian patients. This study aims to report the outcomes of patients treated with this approach in our predominantly Asian population.

Methods: Medical records for patients with localized prostate cancer who received combined EBRT delivered via intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique followed by HDR brachytherapy boost were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Actas Urol Esp 2018 May 21;42(4):256-261. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.

Purpose: To determine the cumulative incidence of overall and severe radiation cystitis in a high volume cohort of patients and to investigate its potential predictive factors.

Methods: We have performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and treated with radiotherapy at our institution (June 2005-January 2013), and quantified the cumulative incidence of radiation cystitis. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were computed to evaluate the determinants of radiation cystitis. Read More

Clin Med Insights Oncol 2017 7;11:1179554917738765. Epub 2017 Nov 7.

Radiation Oncology Department, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy.

Background/aim: Low dose rate brachytherapy has been used as salvage therapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer (PC) after primary external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), along with surgery and cryotherapy. All these techniques, in particular, when applied to the whole gland, involve a relatively high risk of toxicity and may worsen the patient's quality of life. Our aim is to evaluate the results of whole-gland salvage brachytherapy (SBT) after primary EBRT in terms of toxicity, functional outcomes, and efficacy. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2018 Feb 16;20(1). Epub 2018 Jan 16.

Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

BK polyomavirus mostly manifests as polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN) in kidney transplant patients and polyoma virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (PyVHC) in bone marrow transplant patients. PyVHC in kidney transplant patients is only reported in four cases in the literature. Our patient had severe hemorrhagic cystitis without renal involvement. Read More

Oncol Res Treat 2017 20;40(11):697-701. Epub 2017 Oct 20.

Department of Translational Medicine, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Introduction: We assessed the clinical outcome and survival of 70 patients with primary vaginal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy (RT) at the Divisions of Radiotherapy, University of Pisa and ASST Cremona between January 1995 and June 2016.

Methods: 58 patients received external beam RT (EBRT) to the entire vagina, para-vaginal area and pelvic nodes (total dose: 45-50.4 Gy). Read More