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J Feline Med Surg 2021 Jun 2:1098612X211017461. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Ryde, NSW, Australia.

Objectives: Ureteral obstruction (UO) in cats causes acute kidney injury and typically requires surgical intervention. Information is required about potentially modifiable risk factors to inform prevention strategies.

Methods: A case-control study was performed to assess risk factors associated with feline UO. Read More

Future Sci OA 2021 Mar 11;7(6):FSO696. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Urology, Hotel-Dieu de France, University of Saint Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can lead to acute bilateral obstructive pyelonephritis (ABOP) due to bilateral ureteral compression. When this occurs, conservative treatment through POP reduction, intravenous antibiotics and supportive care seems to provide an interesting option in the wait of definitive management of POP. The cornerstone of ABOP management, which is the emergent urinary drainage, seems to have many drawbacks in this context due to both technical and patient-related criteria, making it invasive and compromising patient safety and comfort in many settings. Read More

Niger J Surg 2021 Jan-Jun;27(1):63-65. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Urology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India.

Ectopic kidney is a congenital anomaly of renal position, which is commonly asymptomatic. Symptoms arising from pelvic kidneys can closely mimic pathological processes of nearby organs and vice versa. We report an 18-year-old girl who presented with acute onset of a painful lump in the right iliac fossa. Read More

Urology 2021 May 12. Epub 2021 May 12.

Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Division of Urology, Newark, NJ; RWJ BarnabasHealth, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Division of Urology, Livingston, NJ.

Fistula formation between the kidney and the colon is a rare occurrence. Colorenal fistulas have been reported after renal cryoablation, calculous pyonephrosis, and renal cell carcinoma. Fistula formation is reported in as many as 35% of patients with Crohn's disease. Read More

Intensive Care Med 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Fornaroli, via al Donatore di Sangue, 50, 20013, Magenta, MI, Italy.

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1212-1221

Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Background: Patients with obstructive pyonephrotic nonfunctioning kidney (OPNK) often require simple nephrectomy for long-term severe clinical symptoms. We aimed to analyze the outcomes of retroperitoneal laparoscopy versus open surgery for OPNK.

Methods: The study included clinical data of 69 patients with non-tuberculous OPNK from January 2015 to June 2019 in a single center. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2021 Apr 1;34(2):100-104. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Interventional Radiology Department. La Paz University Hospital. Madrid (Spain).

Objectives: Congenital primary obstructive megaureter (POM) is caused by ureterovesical junction stenosis, reduced peristalsis, and the resulting dilatation. Even though ureteral re-implantation remains the current gold standard technique, retrograde dilatation is considered as an effective therapeutic alternative with good results and growing proponents - to the extent it has become the technique of choice in some healthcare facilities. The objective was to present an alternative approach for treatment purposes. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Apr 5;81:105731. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara - Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan, Jl. Bunga Lau No.17, Kemenangan Tani, Kec. Medan Tuntungan, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20136, Indonesia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Bladder augmentation can be performed by detubularization of the small or large intestine. A large capacity bladder is necessary to avoid frequent urination; thus, the ileal sac must be able to store the maximum volume of urine with relatively low pressure and the shortest length of the intestine. The acceptable pressure capacity should always be under ureteric pressure to avoid back pressure and kidney damage. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Feb;10(2):710-723

Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Background: To develop a machine learning (ML)-assisted model capable of accurately identifying patients with calculous pyonephrosis before making treatment decisions by integrating multiple clinical characteristics.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with obstructed hydronephrosis who underwent retrograde ureteral stent insertion, percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN), or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The study cohort was divided into training and testing datasets in a 70:30 ratio for further analysis. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2021 Feb 17;11(2). Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Radiology, Ospedale del Mare ASL NA1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent community-acquired and healthcare-associated bacterial infections. UTIs are heterogeneous and range from rather benign, uncomplicated infections to complicated UTIs (cUTIs), pyelonephritis and severe urosepsis, depending mostly on the host response. Ultrasound and computed tomography represent the imaging processes of choice in the diagnosis and staging of the pathology in emergency settings. Read More

Ther Adv Urol 2021 Jan-Dec;13:1756287220984046. Epub 2021 Jan 21.

Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 9677, East Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China.

Aims: Management of inflammatory renal disease (IRD) can still be technically challenging for laparoscopic procedures. The aim of the present study was to compare the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with IRD.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 107 patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy (HALN) for IRD from January 2008 to March 2020, including pyonephrosis, renal tuberculosis, hydronephrosis, and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2021 Feb;27(1):50-51

Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong.

Urol Case Rep 2021 May 27;36:101582. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

CHU IBN ROCHD, CASABLANCA, Morocco.

Pyonephrosis is a rare pathology causing destruction of the renal parenchyma.The diagnosis of pyonephrosis was made on the basis of radiological images and cytobacteriological examination of the urine.A patient of 49 years old, followed for 10 years under insulintherapy was admitted for a massive pyonephrosis of the left kidney. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2021 Jan 1;57(1). Epub 2021 Jan 1.

Radiology department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.

There are many acute and chronic infections affecting the urinary tract including bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can present in many different patterns with variable degrees of severity varying from asymptomatic and uncomplicated forms to life threatening complicated infections. Cross-sectional imaging techniques-including both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-have become very important tools not only for evaluation of UTIs, but also for detection of associated complications. Read More

Cureus 2020 Nov 24;12(11):e11675. Epub 2020 Nov 24.

Urology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, TUR.

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of the non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCECT) renal pelvis Hounsfield unit (HU) values in differentiating between the hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis in dilated urinary systems. Materials and methods Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) due to urinary system obstruction in the last three years were retrospectively evaluated. Pyonephrosis and hydronephrosis groups were differentiated according to the clarity of percutaneous needle aspiration. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2020 Dec 2;8(12):3586-3587. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Department of Urology School of Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan.

An infectious disease with obstructive hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis causes suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma. In such cases, retrograde ureteric stenting is considered a good choice for the drainage of pyonephrosis, as an alternative to percutaneous nephrostomy and nephrectomy. The complication rate is minimal in retrograde ureteric stenting compared with about 4% in percutaneous nephrostomy. Read More

BMC Surg 2020 Dec 10;20(1):327. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, 133 Fuchengmen inner Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.

Background: Calculous pyonephrosis is a disease characterized by infectious hydronephrosis associated with pyogenic destruction of the renal parenchyma, with complete or almost complete loss of renal function.

Methods: The clinical data of laparoscopic nephrolithotomy performed at Peking University People's Hospital from May 2017 to June 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Eight patients (2 men; 6 women) aged 27 to 65 years (average age, 45. Read More

Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2020 1;13(11):2758-2766. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.

Background: Calculous pyonephrosis tended not to be accurately diagnosed before operations. It is mostly confirmed during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy or percutaneous nephrostomy. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for predicting obstructive pyonephrosis patients with upper urinary tract stones. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 10 29;10(1):18546. Epub 2020 Oct 29.

Department of Urology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 15, 20122, Milan, Italy.

We aimed to assess the role of computerized tomography attenuation values (Hounsfield unit-HU) for differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis and for predicting postoperative infectious complications in patients with obstructive uropathy. We analysed data from 122 patients who underwent nephrostomy tube or ureteral catheter placement for obstructive uropathy. A radiologist drew the region of interest for quantitative measurement of the HU values in the hydronephrotic region of the affected kidney. Read More

Urol Ann 2020 Jul-Sep;12(3):254-258. Epub 2020 Jul 17.

Department of Anesthesia, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Introduction: Surgical management of elderly patients with renal calculi is inherently challenging. We compared the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed under regional anesthesia between elderly patients (age >65 years) and patients aged <65 years.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2015 and June 2016, fifty patients aged >65 years with renal stones (size >1. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2020 Sep 28;26:e919970. Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Department of Urology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND This study explored the risk factors for renal atrophy after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and provides a reference for clinical prevention of renal atrophy after PCNL. MATERIAL AND METHODS According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinical data of 816 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital from May 2013 to February 2018 were retrospectively collected. Depending on whether the patient had kidney atrophy, they were divided into a renal atrophy group and a non-renal atrophy group. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2020 Aug;66(8):265-268

The Department of Urology, Fujita Medical University School of Medicine.

A 69-year-old man visited a local doctor for fever, pain in the left abdomen, and macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography (CT) revealed hydronephrosis of the left kidney, and he was referred to our hospital. Detailed examinations suggested left-side pyonephrosis due to urothelial cancer, and left-side total nephroureterectomy was performed. Read More

Int J Urol 2020 10 26;27(10):916-921. Epub 2020 Aug 26.

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Objective: To compare percutaneous nephrostomy tube versus JJ stent as an initial urinary drainage procedure in kidney stone patients presenting with acute kidney injury.

Methods: Between January 2017 and January 2019, 143 patients with acute kidney injury secondary to obstructive kidney stone were prospectively randomized into the percutaneous nephrostomy tube group (71 patients) and JJ stent group (72 patients) at Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Exclusion criteria included candidates for acute dialysis, fever (>38°C), pyonephrosis, pregnancy and uncontrolled coagulopathy. Read More

Blood Purif 2020 26;49(5):627-630. Epub 2020 Aug 26.

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, OORR Riuniti Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Direct hemoperfusion using polymyxin B-immobilized fiber (PMX-DHP) is an established treatment method for septic shock caused by Gram-negative infections. We report one instance in which PMX-DHP therapy has been used successfully in a 33-year-old woman with septic shock from urosepsis. Although there is lack of recommendations in latest Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines, evidence of PMX-DHP efficacy in this subset of patients is growing. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Sep 14;58(5):909-923. Epub 2020 Jul 14.

Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.

Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma and collecting system. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings of fever, flank pain, and urinary tract infection. Computed tomography findings include renal enlargement with wedge-shaped heterogeneous areas of decreased enhancement, known as a "striated nephrogram. Read More

Urol J 2020 07 21;17(5):474-479. Epub 2020 Jul 21.

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.

Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) combined with Vacuum-assisted Access Sheath in the treatment of obstructive calculous pyonephrosis.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-six patients with obstructive calculous pyonephrosis, who were planned to receive MPCNL, were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Amplatz sheath combined with Cyberwand double probe ultrasound lithotripsy, and group B was treated with Vacuum-assisted Access Sheath (VAAS, ClearPetra, Well lead Medical) combined with holmium laser lithotripsy. Read More

Clin Exp Nephrol 2020 Oct 26;24(10):971-972. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

We report a 71-year-old woman who presented with unilateral flank pain and sepsis. A computed tomographic (CT) scan demonstrated left-sided hydronephrosis. Subsequent percutaneous nephrotomy drainage showed pus-like material, confirming the diagnosis of pyonephrosis. Read More

Saudi J Med Med Sci 2020 May-Aug;8(2):156-159. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Department of Urology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Pyonephrosis is a rare condition in both adult and pediatric population. Here, the author presents a rare case of pyonephrosis induced by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing in a 12-month-old girl presenting with a picture of urosepsis. The patient presented with febrile urinary tract infection and was unresponsive to intravenous meropenem. Read More

Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020 Sep 27;43(9):1323-1328. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre, Children's Hospital Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, technique for percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) insertion, the complications related to PCN, duration of PCN, and outcome following PCN removal regarding the kidney function.

Material And Methods: Medical charts of 31 neonates (22 boys and 9 girls, mean age 13.9 days) treated with 43 PCN were reviewed. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2020 Apr;9(2):856-862

Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, 1 Medical Center BLVD, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Background: Management of the distal ureter in radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision (RNUBCE) is paramount, directly influencing oncologic outcomes. Herein, we analyze the natural history of patients who have undergone robotic radical nephroureterectomy without formal bladder cuff excision and retained ureteral stump and compare this cohort with patients undergoing formal RNUBCE for high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: From February 2008 to October 2018, all patients who underwent robotic RNUBCE by multiple surgeons in a single institution for high-risk UTUC were reviewed. Read More