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J Cancer Res Ther 2019 Mar;15(Supplement):S159-S162

Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Incidentally, detected upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare entity. We report the case of a 70-year-old female patient who presented with flank pain, pyuria, fever, and a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney with nephrolithiasis and pyonephrosis on pyelography. Routine imaging failed to identify a mass lesion. Read More

J Tehran Heart Cent 2018 Jul;13(3):132-135

Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare medical condition. Suppurative thrombophlebitis of the IVC is even a more uncommon subtype of IVC thrombosis and is mostly associated with IVC filters or venous catheters. We describe a 66-year-old man with persistent fever and history of pyonephrosis secondary to transurethral lithotripsy 1 month before recent admission. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 May 25;25(5):368-370. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Subspecialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1, Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA. Electronic address:

The significance of anaerobic bacteria as a pathogen in urinary tract infection (UTI) in children is unclear. A two-month-old infant presenting with poor feeding received a diagnosis of polymicrobial anaerobic UTI by next-generation sequencing and was found to have obstructive uropathy. Anaerobic bacteria may be a cause of UTI in children with urinary tract obstruction. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019 Feb 29;27(1):59-75. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Radiology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Av. Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Estrada Nacional 10, km 37, Setúbal 2900-722, Portugal. Electronic address:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common of bacterial infections. Imaging studies are only required in cases of complicated UTIs. Ultrasound remains the first-line imaging method; however, CT is the gold standard for evaluation of UTIs. Read More

Tunis Med 2018 Aug - Sep;96(8-09):495-500

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) is a particular form of chronic renal suppuration characterized by the destruction of renal parenchyma and its replacement by a granulomatous tissue containing xanthomatous cells.

Objective: To report and describe the main clinical, biological, radiological and therapeutic aspects of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in adults in focal and diffuse forms.

Methods: This was a monocentric retrospective study involving 42 cases of XGPN operated and histologically confirmed between 2005 and 2015. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Nov;253(10):1309-1327

OBJECTIVE To determine outcomes of subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) device placement for treatment of benign ureteral obstruction in cats. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 134 cats with SUB devices placed in 174 obstructed ureters during 144 hospitalizations. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 Nov 30;21:36-37. Epub 2018 Aug 30.

SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St. Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 11;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Patients with ectopic kidney require special considerations in their management due to the anatomic characteristics predisposing the kidney to obstruction and related complications. Pelvic ectopic kidneys have the added disadvantage of being confined in the bony pelvis giving less manoeuvrability during surgery of that unit. Vesicovaginal fistulas are usually managed surgically and careful surgical dissection has to be carried out because the highest success rates are usually seen at the first operation. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 Jun 6;6(6):1176-1178. Epub 2018 Apr 6.

Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation University of Florida Gainesville Florida.

Pyonephrosis is a rare purulent infection of the upper urinary tract, which can lead to rapid clinical deterioration. While contrast-enhanced CT scan is a sensitive test, point-of-care renal sonography can serve as a quick and valuable bedside tool for diagnosis, especially when iodinated contrast use is contraindicated. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2018 15;11:113-116. Epub 2018 May 15.

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia.

Background: Peritoneal fistulization of a pyonephrosis is an extremely rare event which invariably leads to generalized peritonitis. This is a very rare case report on generalized peritonitis after spontaneous rupture of pyonephrosis.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old male patient from the rural part of Bale zone, Ethiopia, was admitted to Goba Referral Hospital with high-grade fever, diffused abdominal pain and abdominal distension. Read More

Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018 May;56(5):386-390

Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.

To investigate the necessity of artificial kidney seeper which made through inserting a ureteral tube in the ureter to the ultrasonography-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This was a randomized prospective study. Patients who conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled at Department of Urology, Frist Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2016 to May 2017. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2018 Apr;44(262):196-200

Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw.

Pyonephrosis in the course of hydronephrosis usually provides to total or near-total loss of renal function. In adults pyonephrosis usually results from urolithiasis. In children usually congenital urinary tract anomalies are present as contributing factors. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 07 9;55(1):e1-e4. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background: Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) include a spectrum of pathologies from uncomplicated pyelonephritis to urosepsis, including xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). Most febrile UTIs are treated with antibiotics alone, but studies indicate nearly 12% of cases of presumed simple pyelonephritis require emergent urologic intervention. How to identify these individuals, while limiting unnecessary advanced imaging and delays in diagnosis, challenges all emergency providers. Read More

Urol Ann 2018 Apr-Jun;10(2):191-197

Department of Anesthesia, PGIMER, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Introduction: Urologists tend to prefer retroperitoneal approach for open nephrectomy and transperitoneal route for laparoscopic nephrectomy. Urologists consider retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach difficult to learn and perform. There is a need to objectively define predictors of difficulty during laparoscopic retroperitoneal simple nephrectomy (LRSN) for the proper preoperative selection. Read More

Ir J Med Sci 2019 Feb 26;188(1):283-288. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Waterford, Ardkeen, Waterford, Ireland.

Introduction: To assess the benefits and complications of developing a practice of single-stage primary ureteral stenting in a university hospital.

Methods: A practice change developed from the traditional practice of multi-stage stenting to single-episode stent placement. To evaluate this change of practice, we retrospectively analysed data of 70 patients who underwent primary tubeless antegrade ureteric stenting and compared this group to the previous 54 patients who had a covering nephrostomy. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2018 1;4(1):39-41. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Department of Urology, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California.

Laparoscopic heminephrectomy was performed in a 64-year-old woman with a chronically obstructed horseshoe kidney moiety. More than 3000 cc of pyonephrosis was drained through two percutaneous nephrostomy tubes for infection control before left moiety laparoscopic resection. This case report attests to the feasibility of laparoscopic resection of a massively obstructed horseshoe kidney when performed in a staged manner after prolonged drainage. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 May 2;18:41-43. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Urology, Bronx, NY, 10467, United States.

Emerg Radiol 2018 Aug 13;25(4):381-386. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Purpose: To investigate if the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with urinary tract obstruction at time of presentation to the emergency department correlates with a subsequent positive urine culture and to determine if it could be used as a tool to predict the urgency of a percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN). The secondary aim of the study was to assess the incidence of in-hour and after-hour emergent PCNs performed in a tertiary center which has both interventional radiological and urological expertise.

Methods And Materials: Emergent adult PCN cases referred from the emergency department between 2011 and 2016 were identified retrospectively. Read More

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018 Mar;252(6):744-753

CASE DESCRIPTION 4 cats were examined because of ureteral obstruction. CLINICAL FINDINGS Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities were nonspecific and included anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and azotemia. A diagnosis of pyonephrosis was made in all cats. Read More

Med Clin (Barc) 2018 Nov 28;151(10):419-420. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, España.

Hinyokika Kiyo 2017 Dec;63(12):529-532

The Department of Urology, Fujita Health University.

A 47-year-old woman who was diagnosed with right pyelonephritis by a local physician, but failed to respond to antimicrobial chemotherapy, was referred to our hospital. Here, the diagnosis of right pyonephrosis was confirmed byabdominal computed tomography(CT). Retrograde pyelography(RP) revealed a severe stricture at the ureteropelvic junction, and it was considered difficult to advance a guidewire through the stricture. Read More

Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2017 Dec 9;20(4):288-293. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Biliary and urinary obstructions can be managed endoscopically or cystoscopically, surgically or by percutansous intervention or drainage. If the obtructed system is infected, emergent decompression is needed. Early recognition and treatment is paramount in both conditions. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 Jan 13;16:62-64. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Int Braz J Urol 2018 Mar-Apr;44(2):280-287

Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.

Objectives: This study aims to improve laparoscopic nephrectomy techniques for inflammatory renal diseases (IRD) and to reduce complications.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy for IRD, with a method of outside Gerota fascia dissection and en-bloc ligation and division of the renal pedicle. Operative time, blood loss, complications, analgesia requirement, post-operative recovery of intestinal function and hospital stay were recorded. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2017 1;3(1):123-125. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Department of Urology, AIIMS, New Delhi, New Delhi, India.

Drainage of any deep seated abscess often requires placement of catheters along with other conservative measures. These catheters are removed when the drainage volume reduces to clinically insignificant levels. However, if left , there are potential complications. Read More

Top Companion Anim Med 2017 Jun 15;32(2):58-60. Epub 2017 May 15.

Clinique Vétérinaire Seinevet-5, Place Cauchoise, 76000 Rouen, France. Electronic address:

A subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) was placed in a 10-year-old Birman cat for management of unilateral ureterolithiasis. Perioperative occlusion of the nephrostomy tube of the SUB device happened secondary to a severe pyonephrosis. Flushing of the system throught the subcutaneous shunting port was made with saline solution after clamping the urinary bladder catheter. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Aug 1;11(8):PD17-PD18. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Professor, Department of Urology, Radha Gobinda Kar Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Pyonephrosis is a suppurative infection of upper urinary tract due to obstruction of the ureter. It is usually associated with suppurative damage of renal parenchyma and renal function loss. Patients are mostly symptomatic but may remain asymptomatic in 15% of cases. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Aug 1;11(8):ED04-ED05. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Villous adenomas of the urinary tract are uncommon neoplasms which share similar morphological features with gastrointestinal villous adenomas. Only two case series and around 20 scattered case reports of villous adenoma in the urinary tract have been published in English literature till date. They have been identified mainly in the urinary bladder, urethra, prostate and urachus, but the occurrence of villous adenomas at the vesicoureteric junction has not been described. Read More

J Urol 2018 02 21;199(2):558-564. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that it is safe to ligate the ureter of poorly functioning renal moieties during renal transplantation. We present clinical outcomes and data on hydronephrosis progression in pediatric cases associated with ectopic ureters and obstructive ureteroceles.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively collected data for 35 consecutive patients (23 females and 12 males) who underwent ureteral clipping between February 2011 and August 2016. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2017 Sep 17;16(3):3528-3534. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, P.R. China.

Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract with characteristic histological change to neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. The majority of pyelonephritis is caused by uropathogenic Escherichia (E.) coli (UPEC) bearing distinct virulence factors. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2017 Mar;67(3):438-441

Consultant Surgeon & Urologist, CMH Sialkot Cantonment, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the frequency of simple nephrectomies for benign diseases and compare it with the frequency of nephrectomies for malignant diseases.

Methods: The observational study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2008 to September 2011, and comprised patients undergoing simple nephrectomy for benign disease who were followed up for one year. This was compared to all the other urological procedures performed during the study period, including nephrectomies for malignant diseases. Read More

Urol Ann 2017 Jan-Mar;9(1):4-8

Department of Urology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College and Hospital Research Centre, Bijapur, Karnataka, India.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the presentation and management of posthysterectomy ureteral injuries.

Patients And Methods: Fourteen patients with ureteric injuries after hysterectomy for benign diseases were evaluated. The diagnosis was done based on clinical presentation, intravenous urogram, computed tomography, cystoscopy, and retrograde pyelogram (RGP) depending on the clinical situation. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2017 Jan;9(1):187-193

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.

Background: Colobronchial fistula (CBF) is rare and easy to be delayed in clinic. There is no systemic study about this disease. The pathogenesis, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of CBF were analyzed in this study. Read More

BMC Urol 2016 Dec 8;16(1):71. Epub 2016 Dec 8.

Department of Urology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Hongqi Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.

Background: Calculus pyonephrosis is difficult to manage. The aim of this study is to explore the value of a patented suctioning sheath assisted minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of calculus pyonephrosis.

Methods: One hundred and eighty two patients with calculus pyonephrosis were randomizely divided into observation group (n = 91) and control group (n = 91). Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2017 Apr 26;52(4):578-581. Epub 2016 Nov 26.

Dept. of Pediatric Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Aims: To study the intermediate term to long-term functional status of kidneys with split renal function(SRF) <15% secondary to PUJO which are preserved by pyeloplasty and to find out whether these kidneys can recover or eventually need nephrectomy.

Methods: 24 patients with SRF<15% and undergoing pyeloplasty with or without prior percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) were studied. Those with associated VUR, B/L disease and redo pyeloplasties were excluded. Read More

Turk J Urol 2016 Dec;42(4):290-294

Department of Urology, Dicle University School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the results of urine cultures obtained either from urethral, and percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) catheters.

Materials And Methods: This study included 328 consecutive patients that underwent PCN at our institution with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) between July 2010 and April 2015. Results of urine cultures obtained from the urethral and nephrostomy catheters were compared. Read More

Turk J Urol 2016 Dec;42(4):261-266

Department of Urology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: In our study we aimed to evaluate outcomes of ultra-mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UMP) performed for the treatment of kidney stones.

Material And Methods: Between October 2014 and September 2015, a single surgeon performed UMP on a total of 49 consecutive patients with symptomatic kidney stones at our center. Pregnants, anticogulant users, patients with bleeding diathesis pyonephrosis, and partial/complete staghorn stones were excluded from the study. Read More

IDCases 2016 3;6:104-105. Epub 2016 Nov 3.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, One Hospital Dr, Columbia, MO 65212, United States.

Urolithiasis 2017 Aug 7;45(4):415-420. Epub 2016 Nov 7.

Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, UP, India.

The objective of the study is to identify factors predicting development of pyonephrosis in patients of renal calculus disease (RCD), as this knowledge is largely unknown. Patients of RCD without pyonephrosis (Group 1) or with pyonephrosis (Group 2) presenting between December 2013 and November 2015 were evaluated. All patients of RCD who had undergone either percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) or surgical management (percutaneous nephrolithotomy/pyelolithotomy/nephrectomy) were included. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2016 11;66(11):1372-1377

Departament of Urology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Objective: To investigate the correlation among clinical parameters, risk factors, outcomes and costs in the context of patients with infected hydronephrosis.

Methods: This retrospective, multi-centric study was conducted in three Romanian academic urology departments, and comprised data of patients with infected hydronephrosis treated between July 2013 and July 2014. Based on per-patient hospitalisation costs, the participants were divided into three groups: group A: cost less than 500 euros), group B: between 500 and 1,000 euros, and group C: over 1,000 euros). Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016 10 3;66(Suppl 2):601-603. Epub 2016 Mar 3.

Command Hospital (SC), Pune, 411040 India.

Arch Iran Med 2016 Oct;19(10):712-714

Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Turkey.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a chronic destructive granulomatous inflammation of the kidney. This pathology was firstly described in 1916 and a small number of patient series were reported in the literature. In this study, we aimed to report the patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in our nephrectomy cases. Read More

Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 2016 Sep 3;19(3):170-81. Epub 2016 Jun 3.

Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Urinary drainage procedures are used to treat a wide range of clinical situations including pyonephrosis, preservation of renal function in patients with ureteral obstruction, as a means to access the collecting system for stone retrieval or lithotripsy and to divert urine from a distal leak or fistula. Several different drainage devices are available and include those that provide obligatory external drainage (nephrostomy), both internal and external drainage (nephroureteral stent) and internal drainage (double-J stent). Each device requires some maintenance and effort on the patient's part-from having to undergo routine exchange of double-J stents every 3-6 months to the daily management of an external catheter and drainage bag. Read More

J Endourol 2016 10 14;30(10):1095-1098. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

Urology Service, Fundació Puigvert , Barcelona, Spain .

Objectives: Simple nephrectomy is performed for a benign pathology that does not require the excision of either the adrenal gland or any adenopathies. When it is carried out in cases of stone disease, however, it is frequently not a "simple" technique owing to the presence of significant inflammation and infection.

Methods: Ninety-six simple laparoscopic nephrectomies performed because of stone disease between 2006 and 2015 were retrospectively studied. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2016 May-Jun;32(3):570-4

Volkan Tugcu, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: To compare the safety and effectiveness of flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) with transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (TPLU) in cases of obstructive pyelonephritis secondary to large proximal ureteral stones.

Methods: A series of 42 patients presenting with obstructive pyelonephritis due to proximal ureteral stones larger than 1.5 cm were included from April 2006 to February 2015 in this comparative study. Read More

World J Urol 2017 Mar 1;35(3):437-442. Epub 2016 Jul 1.

Department of Urology, Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of computerized tomography (CT) in differentiating pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis on the basis of attenuation values (Hounsfield unit-HU).

Methods: Data of the patients with grades 1-3 hydronephrosis on abdominopelvic CT, who underwent nephrostomy tube placement for decompression of the collecting system, were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics and CT findings were recorded along with the first access urine culture results. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2016 Jun;96(3):407-24

Division of Urology, Maine Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 100 Brickhill Ave., South Portland, Maine 04106, USA. Electronic address:

The diagnosis and management of urologic emergencies are incorporated into the basic training of all urology residents. In institutions without access to urologic services, it is usually left to the General Surgeon or Emergency Medicine physician to provide timely care. This article discusses diagnoses that are important to recognize and treatment that is practically meaningful for the non-Urologist to identify and treat. Read More

Chonnam Med J 2016 May 20;52(2):123-7. Epub 2016 May 20.

Department of Urology, CHA University Medical School, Seongnam, Korea.

To determine an optimal invasive intervention for renal colic patients during pregnancy after conservative treatments have been found to be unhelpful. Among the available invasive interventions, we investigated the reliability of a ureteral stent insertion, which is considered the least invasive intervention during pregnancy. Between June 2006 and February 2015, a total of 826 pregnant patients came to the emergency room or urology outpatient department, and 39 of these patients had renal colic. Read More