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Indian J Med Res 2018 Dec;148(6):759-760

Department of Radiodiagnosis & Interventional Radiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 13;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Urology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Front Pediatr 2019 24;7. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, life-threatening necrotizing infection of the kidney. To date, very few cases of EPN have been described in the pediatric age. The first case of EPN in a toddler occurring after ureterovesical reimplantation for congenital obstructive megaureter is reported with a literature review. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2018 Nov-Dec;28(6):454-461

Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Acute pyelonephritis (APN), although a common clinical entity, still not much is known about the clinical profile in the Indian scenario. We prospectively collected clinical, biochemical, and radiological data of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of APN from March 2014 to June 2016. A total of 296 cases were included in the study. Read More

Perm J 2019 ;23:18-044

PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India.

Introduction: We studied the value of neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the success of nephron-sparing procedures in management of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, patients underwent nephron-sparing procedures between 2007 and 2014. Severity was graded by Huang-Tseng classification. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018 23;30:233. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Service d'Urologie B, CHU Ibn Sina, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V Souissi, Rabat, Maroc.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotic infection of the kidney characterized by the presence of gas within the renal parenchyma, the secretory cavities or the perirenal spaces. It is a severe condition that could be life-threatening. Patient's management remains controversial and is based either on surgery or on medical treatment. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2018 12 20;94(1118):714-715. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Fortis CDOC Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Intensive Care Med 2019 Apr 6;45(4):525. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

AIIMS, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.

J Nephrol 2018 12 5:161. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019 Feb 29;27(1):59-75. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Radiology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Av. Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Estrada Nacional 10, km 37, Setúbal 2900-722, Portugal. Electronic address:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common of bacterial infections. Imaging studies are only required in cases of complicated UTIs. Ultrasound remains the first-line imaging method; however, CT is the gold standard for evaluation of UTIs. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2019 Apr 15;25(4):302-306. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening renal infection characterized by the formation of gas within the renal parenchyma and collecting duct system, as well as perinephric tissues. We herein report a case of bilateral EPN accompanied by the urinary tract infection caused by spherical growth of Candida albicans in a patient with underlying diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer. The diagnosis was assisted by computed tomography, urography, and gram staining. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2019 Feb 4;21(1):e13026. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare condition which can rapidly progress to sepsis and multiple organ failure with high mortality. We experienced a rare case of EPN in a renal allograft related to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). The patient received a deceased donor kidney transplant due to end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetes mellitus. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(45):e11272

Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao).

Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) or cystitis (EC) is a severe infection of the urinary tract with high mortality. EPN is uncommon among the patients of end stage of renal failure (ESRD) CASE PRESENTATION:: A 38-year-old male with uremia and anuria who was on hemodialysis was found to have gas formation in the bilateral pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder by CT scan. The diagnosis was emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2018 Nov;15(11S):S232-S239

Specialty Chair, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Pyelonephritis refers to infection involving the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. In most patients, uncomplicated pyelonephritis is diagnosed clinically and responds quickly to appropriate antibiotic treatment. If treatment is delayed, the patient is immunocompromised, or for other reasons, microabscesses that form during the acute phase of pyelonephritis may coalesce, forming a renal abscess. Read More

Nephrology (Carlton) 2018 11;23(11):1064-1065

Renal Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Curr Med Mycol 2018 Jun;4(2):32-35

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Purpose: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare and serious disease causing acute renal failure. Diabetes is a major risk factor for this infection.

Case Report: Herein, we present the case of a 55-year-old female patient with diabetes and EPN caused by . Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 12;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Cardiology, Frimley Health Foundation Trust, Slough, Berkshire, UK.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, necrotising infection of the renal parenchyma, predominantly associated with infection and unless promptly recognised and dealt with, it carries a poor prognosis. The current treatment is one of antimicrobial therapies together with nephrectomy in a majority of patients. We report an elderly man with multiple comorbidities with a diagnosis of EPN whose condition improved with antimicrobial and supportive therapy, and no surgical intervention was required. Read More

Intern Med 2019 Jan 24;58(1):85-89. Epub 2018 Aug 24.

Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.

We encountered a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) complicated with emphysematous polycystic renal infection (EPRI). A 44-year-old woman visited our hospital for a fever, appetite loss, and gross hematuria. Because the patient was suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), she was immediately hospitalized for hemodialysis. Read More

Urologia 2018 Aug 26;85(3):123-126. Epub 2018 Mar 26.

Department of Urology, Grosshadern Clinics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare necrotizing infection of the kidney with a poor prognosis. If it occurs in patients with a reduced general condition, this infection is life threatening. Early diagnosis is made by computed tomography. Read More

Wiad Lek 2018;71(4):917-921

Thuringia Clinic Saalfeld "Georgius Agricola" , Department Of Internal Medicine Ii, Division Of Gastroenterology, Teaching Hospital Of The University Of Jena, Saalfeld/Saale, Germany.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare form of acute necrotizing pyelonephritis. It is a gas-producing, necrotizing infection involving the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues. It is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2018 16;71(2):228-233. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Department of Urology, Insititute of Nephro Urology, Bangalore, India.

Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare clinical entity, characterized by gas in the renal system, due to an acute, fulminant and potentially fatal necrotizing process with varying clinical presentations. It is much more aggressive than uncomplicated pyelonephritis, with the mortality of 20-40% in the contemporary meta-analysis.

Material And Methods: A retrospective record review of inpatients at the Institute of Nephro Urology, Bangalore, India (2007-2014), who were treated after EPN was diagnosed with the aid of a CT (computed tomography) scan. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 19;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Department of Internal Medicine, Presence Saint Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

J Clin Med 2018 Jul 14;7(7). Epub 2018 Jul 14.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare but life-threatening infection characterized by an accumulation of gas in the renal parenchyma. A high mortality rate was reported, and timely administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics for enteric gram-negative bacilli, such as , , and , was recommended for improving the clinical outcome. Computed tomography is a useful tool for identifying gas accumulation within the perirenal space. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2018 Aug 26;13(4):848-854. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Atasemanso Hospital Limited, Kumasi, Ghana.

A 78-year-old black woman with a 10-year history of diabetes mellitus was admitted to the intensive care unit. Upon admission, she presented with chills, nausea, and left flank pain. The presence of hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose, 19. Read More

Kidney Int Rep 2018 Jul 8;3(4):950-955. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

Nephrology, Ramaiah Medical College & Hospitals, Bangalore, India.

Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, life-threatening necrotizing infection of the kidney. The mortality rate for EPN is as high as 25%. We conducted a retrospective study at MS Ramaiah Hospital between January 2011 and May 2016 to observe the clinical, biochemical, and microbiological patterns of EPN at our institute. Read More

IDCases 2018 6;12:64-65. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

AP-HP, Hôpitaux universitaires Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Service de Réanimation Médicale, Créteil, 94010, France.

We report a rare case of emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated by septic shock and multiple gas emboli in the pulmonary artery (with transient cor pulmonale), coronary artery (with transient acute coronary syndrome). Read More

J Int Med Res 2018 Jul 19;46(7):2954-2960. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

1 Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

This present case report describes a 64-year-old female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who also had emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and emphysematous cystitis (EC). Computed tomography revealed well defined emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis. Broad-spectrum antibiotic and percutaneous drainage of the right kidney were used as part of a conservative management regimen. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 07 9;55(1):e1-e4. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background: Febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) include a spectrum of pathologies from uncomplicated pyelonephritis to urosepsis, including xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). Most febrile UTIs are treated with antibiotics alone, but studies indicate nearly 12% of cases of presumed simple pyelonephritis require emergent urologic intervention. How to identify these individuals, while limiting unnecessary advanced imaging and delays in diagnosis, challenges all emergency providers. Read More

Rev Clin Esp 2018 Dec 27;218(9):498-499. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Departamento de Urología, Centro Médico Adolfo López Mateos, Instituto de Salud del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México.

Acta Med Port 2018 Feb 28;31(2):129-132. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Serviço de Medicina. Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira. Covilhã. Portugal.

The emphysematous pyelonephritis is a uncommon and potentially fatal entity. The recognition of this condition enables the early correct management of patients. Diabetes and ureteral obstruction are the main risk factors identified. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 May 2;18:41-43. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Urology, Bronx, NY, 10467, United States.

Urol Case Rep 2018 Mar 3;17:119-121. Epub 2018 Feb 3.

Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Urol Case Rep 2018 Mar 28;17:76-78. Epub 2018 Jan 28.

Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan.

Urol Case Rep 2018 Mar 28;17:73-75. Epub 2018 Jan 28.

Department of Urology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown NSW, 2023, Australia.

J Clin Imaging Sci 2018 21;8. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Research Center, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening severe form of pyelonephritis usually occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus with or without obstructive uropathies in whom there is necrotizing infection leading to the gas production of an unclear mechanism involving the renal parenchyma and the collecting system. Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized by progressive necrosis of fat and fascia due to deep-seated infection of subcutaneous tissue. It has a fulminant course with considerable mortality. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2018 02 4;6(2):439-441. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Division of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a gas-producing, necrotizing infection involving the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissue that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Common causative organisms include and . While most patients are being managed conservatively these days, nephrectomy may be needed in severe cases. Read More

Intensive Care Med 2018 04 23;44(4):498. Epub 2017 Dec 23.

Hospital General Luis Vernaza, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.

Cureus 2017 Aug 26;9(8):e1612. Epub 2017 Aug 26.

Department of Nephrology, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health.

Emphysematous pyelitis (EP) is a subclass of a life-threatening necrotizing infection of the urinary system called emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN). We report a case of an 81-year-old man with emphysematous pyelitis, which occurred after urinary tract instrumentation and resolved with conservative medical management. This case highlights the potential complications of urinary tract manipulation and the importance of a prompt diagnosis. Read More

S D Med 2017 Nov;70(11):511-513

Sanford Pathology, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

We present a 37-year-old female with a history of tuberous sclerosis. She developed flank pain, hypotension, and a sudden drop in hemoglobin levels which prompted a work-up. A computed tomography scan demonstrated enlarged heterogeneous kidneys and a large complex collection in the right kidney, likely hemorrhagic in nature. Read More

Acta Med Croatica 2016 12;70(4-5):249-55

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most common bacterial infections involving lower (cystitis, prostatitis) or upper (pyelonephritis, renal abscess, perinephric abscess) urinary tract. Differentiation of complicated and uncomplicated UTI is usually based on the presence of structural or functional urinary tract abnormalities, which can increase the risk of treatment failure and development of serious complications. Factors that increase the risk are foreign bodies, stones, obstruction, neurogenic bladder, kidney transplantation, immunosuppression, and pregnancy. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2017 Nov;32(11):1736-1737

Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Int Urol Nephrol 2017 Dec 20;49(12):2127-2136. Epub 2017 Sep 20.

Department of Urology, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, Harrow, London, UK.

Purpose: To analyse the incidence and management of emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) in North West London and examine factors that influence immediate and 6-month outcomes with the aim of guiding future management.

Methods: This work analyses EPN cases from the London North West Healthcare NHS Trust from October 2006 to July 2015 (population ≈ 850,000). Diagnosis and stage were confirmed by computed tomography (CT). Read More

Rev Med Liege 2017 Sep;72(9):384-387

Service d'Urologie, CHU de Liège, Site Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

The emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of air in the wall and/or the bladder lumen. The clinical expression of this cystitis is variable. Some patients complain of abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2017 11;74(11):1374-1375

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Case Rep Infect Dis 2017 19;2017:6454619. Epub 2017 Jul 19.

Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine at Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA.

A 52-year-old male, with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver disease, presented to the Emergency Room for right flank pain of 3 days' duration, associated with dysuria. Physical examination revealed right flank tenderness with fever and hypotension; laboratory findings showed acute kidney injury and large blood and leucocytes in the urine. A CT abdomen and pelvis showed hydronephrosis of the right collecting system of a horseshoe kidney with air and hyperdense debris in the renal pelvis. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Jun 1;11(6):TC15-TC18. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Institute of Nephrourology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Pyelonephritis (PN) is a suppurative infection of the kidney, most commonly due to bacterial infection and may be either acute or chronic. Acute PN (APN) subdivided into uncomplicated and complicated. Severity of PN cannot be assessed by clinical or laboratorial parameters alone, radiological imaging such as Ultrasound (USG) abdomen, Computed Tomography (CT) is required to know the nature, extent and severity of disease and for planning interventions. Read More

Nephrol Ther 2017 Nov 29;13(6):479-481. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

Urology department, Charles-Nicolle hospital, university of Tunis El Manar, boulevard 9-Avril-1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisie.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and peri-renal tissues, characterized by the presence of air within the parenchyma of the urinary tract and peri-renal space. This is a severe complication, which involves the functional prognosis of the kidney and the patient's prognosis. The emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare complication of renal transplantation. Read More

Turk J Urol 2017 Jun 27;43(2):202-209. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, U.p, India.

Objective: To highlight changing trend of clinical spectrum, comparing management options and predictors of outcome of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Material And Methods: This study included patients who were diagnosed as emphysematous pyelonephritis between August, 2001 to July, 2015. We excluded other possible causes of gas in renal system. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2017 30;2017:3020845. Epub 2017 May 30.

Department of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, 234 E. 149th St., Bronx, NY 10451, USA.

Objective: To describe a case of emphysematous hepatitis which is a rare clinical entity, characterized by a fatal, rapidly progressive infection of the liver with a radiological appearance simulating emphysematous pyelonephritis and to help provide more data about the causative organisms and precipitating factors of this pathology.

Data Sources And Synthesis: Relevant literature was reviewed and, to the best of our knowledge, there is limited data regarding the pathogenesis, causative organisms, and management of this condition.

Conclusion: Emphysematous hepatitis is a rapidly progressive infection that can be fatal in the absence of appropriate therapeutic intervention. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2017 Jan-Apr;10(1):239-243. Epub 2017 Mar 9.

Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

Various adverse events can occur during antineoplastic therapy. A 67-year-old diabetic woman developed an emphysematous urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer. She had received weekly carboplatin plus paclitaxel with thoracic radiotherapy and developed a fever on day 19. Read More