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Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 Jun 6;98(1):115101. Epub 2020 Jun 6.

JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin combined with a β-lactamase inhibitor. Ceftolozane-tazobactam has been approved for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis, for complicated intra-abdominal infections (with metronidazole) in adults, and for hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia including ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. This study analyzed gram-negative pathogen susceptibility in US and European patients who are considered at risk for infections caused by pathogens resistant to commonly used antimicrobials: patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients on the hematology/oncology or transplant service who may be immunocompromised, and patients >65 years old (yo). Read More

Sci Rep 2020 Jul 1;10(1):10715. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Radiology, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea.

The objective of our study was to evaluate the performance of renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) against the 99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan and computed tomography (CT) in children for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. We included children who underwent both renal CEUS and the DMSA scan or CT. A total of 33 children (21 males and 12 females, mean age 26 ± 36 months) were included. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 Jun 27. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Urology Department, Lütfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of endoscopic treatment of symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with VUR in both transplanted and native renal units.

Material And Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2019, 23 transplanted patients with symptomatic VUR with reflux in both transplanted and native kidney were included in the study. All patients were patients with a history of kidney failure due to reflux nephropathy. Read More

Urologiia 2020 Jun(3):26-33

N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Moscow, Russia.

Introduction: Given the increase in antibiotic resistance of uropathogens, one of the urgent problems is a development of optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical interventions, as well as an adequate regimen of antibiotic therapy after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Aim: to determine an effective perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis for PCNL in patients with kidney stones.

Material And Methods: A total of 90 patients with staghorn or multiple large kidney stones who underwent PCNL were included in the study. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020 Apr;66(4):424-429

. Department of Urology, Hitit University School of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey.

Objective: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) represents one of the most significant risk factors for acute pyelonephritis in children. Various intravesical and extravesical techniques have been described for the surgical correction of VUR. The aim of our study was to compare the results of open intravesical and extravesical procedures for unilateral primary VUR in children. Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2020 Jun 21. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

UOC Pronto Soccorso E Medicina D'Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Background: The Italian Society of Internal Medicine (SIMI) Choosing Wisely Campaign has recently proposed, among its five items, to reduce the prescription of long-term intravenous antibiotics if not indicated. The aim of our study was to assess the available evidences on optimal duration of antibiotic treatment in pyelonephritis through a systematic review of secondary studies.

Materials And Methods: We searched for all guidelines on pyelonephritis and systematic reviews assessing the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in this type of infection. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH, USA; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus OH, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: While inflammation is an important innate defense mechanism against infection, it can also lead to local tissue damage. The trans signaling pathway of interleukin (IL)-6 is a known mediator of inflammation. We hypothesized that the trans IL-6 signaling pathway is associated with the development of post febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) renal scarring. Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020 Jun 11. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

Paediatr Int Child Health 2020 Jun 3:1-5. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran.

Background: A link between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections has recently been suggested.

Aim: To investigate a possible association between vitamin D deficiency and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods: A case-control study was undertaken comprising 75 children aged 2-7 years with UTI (cases) compared with 75 healthy controls in terms of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. Read More

Med Pharm Rep 2020 Apr 22;93(2):133-144. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Medical Imaging Department, "Octavian Fodor" Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Objectives: Ultrasonographic scanning is currently the most widespread imaging diagnostic procedure. The method provides real-time morphological, vascular and elastographic information in a non-invasive manner. In recent years, harmonic vascular examination has become accessible using intravenous contrast agents. Read More

Kidney Int 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Electronic address:

Tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) are inducible ectopic lymphoid tissues in chronic inflammatory states and function as sites of priming local immune responses. We previously demonstrated that aged but not young mice exhibited multiple TLTs after acute kidney injury and that TLTs were also detected in human aged and diseased kidneys. However, the forms of progression and the implication for kidney injury remain unclear. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Jun 24;16(3):326-327. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, Professor of Urology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. Electronic address:

J Antimicrob Chemother 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objectives: To determine clinical outcomes associated with aminoglycosides versus other antimicrobial agents as empirical treatment of hospitalized patients with pyelonephritis.

Patients And Methods: An institutional programme promoting aminoglycosides as empirical treatment of pyelonephritis was implemented in 2016. We reviewed the hospital records of patients with pyelonephritis from January 2017 to April 2019. Read More

Lancet 2020 05;395(10237):1659-1668

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are among the most common bacterial infections in childhood. They are equally common in boys and girls during the first year of life and become more common in girls after the first year of life. Dividing UTIs into three categories; febrile upper UTI (acute pyelonephritis), lower UTI (cystitis), and asymptomatic bacteriuria, is useful for numerous reasons, mainly because it helps to understand the pathophysiology of the infection. Read More

J Vet Intern Med 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute decompensation of CKD (ACKD) are common in cats.

Objectives: To characterize the etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, and the short- and long-term prognosis of feline ACKD.

Animals: One hundred cats with ACKD. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro, 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.

Contrast-enhanced CT is not routinely indicated in uncomplicated urinary infections, but it may be necessary in patients with specific risk factors (i.e., diabetes, immunocompromised patients, history of stones, or prior renal surgery) or in patients not responding to antibiotics and in detecting complications of pyelonephritis. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2020 ;80(3):229-240

Sociedad Argentina de Infectología, Argentina.

The Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases and other scientific societies have updated these recommendations based on data on urinary tract infections in adults obtained from a prospective multicenter study conducted in Argentina during 2016-2017. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated only in pregnant women, who should also be systematically investigated; the antibiotics of choice are nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin, clavulanic/amoxicillin, cephalexin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In procedures involving injury to the urinary tract with bleeding, it is recommended to request urine culture and, in the presence of bacteriuria, antimicrobial treatment according to sensitivity should be prescribed from immediately before up to 24 hours after the intervention. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Micromyx, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

Background: Omadacycline, an aminomethylcycline, was approved in 2018 for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. In a Phase Ib study, around 34% of the absorbed dose of omadacycline was shown to be excreted in urine-an important property for urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment. Therefore, omadacycline has been studied in two Phase II trials for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs and acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Prog Urol 2020 May 14. Epub 2020 May 14.

Service d'urologie et de transplantations rénales, CHU La Milétrie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France; Inserm U1070, UFR médecine-pharmacie, pharmacologie des anti-infectieux, pôle biologie santé, université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges-Bonnet, bâtiment B36 TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.

Introduction: Acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adult are now a major public health issue in terms of morbidity, mortality and in terms of costs for society. The latest French guidelines and the European Association of Urology guidelines differ in some points. The aim of this article is to compare the guidelines of these two societies in order to highlight their differences but also their common points in the management of UTIs. Read More

Infect Chemother 2020 Jun 13;52(2):194-203. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: is the predominant causative pathogen for community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), and the increase in fluoroquinolone-resistant is of great concern in Korea. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genotypic characteristics and molecular epidemiology of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIP-R) isolated from community-acquired UTIs in Korea.

Materials And Methods: samples isolated from the blood or urine were collected from patients with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis aged 15 years and more who were admitted to 12 Korean hospitals from 1st April 2010 to 29th February 2012. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 7;12(4):e7583. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Nephrology, Raymond G. Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, USA.

Infectious mononucleosis, a syndrome characterized by the triad of pharyngitis, fever, and lymphadenopathy, is caused in the majority of cases by Epstein-Barr virus and usually presents in adolescents and young adults. The disease is for the most part self-limited with full recovery; however, life-threatening complications can occur. Manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus associated infectious mononucleosis can be variable and at times atypical, leading to a delay in diagnosis and consequently unnecessary tests and treatment. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2020 Mar-Apr;31(2):415-422

Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(19):e19960

Department of Orthopedic, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.

Objectives: This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI)/acute pyelonephritis (APN).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO (Elton B. Stephens Co. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 3;12(4):e7521. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital-Jefferson Health, Abington, USA.

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pandemic is currently one of the most influential topics as it not only impacts the field of medicine but most importantly, it affects the lives of many individuals throughout the world. We report an interesting 2019-nCoV case in a tertiary community hospital with the initial concern of acute pyelonephritis without respiratory symptoms that ultimately led to the quarantine of a number of healthcare providers. This case emphasizes the importance of radiological evidence in diagnosing 2019-nCoV in the setting of an initial atypical presentation. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 6;20(1):322. Epub 2020 May 6.

Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies/Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Post Box: 24560, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Background: Scrub typhus can present with atypical signs and symptoms such as those of acute kidney injury, gastroenteritis, pneumonitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Meningitis, encephalitis, and hepatic dysfunction have also been reported, particularly in severe cases with multisystem involvement. Scrub typhus has never been reported in the literature to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) which includes cystitis and pyelonephritis. Read More

Nat Rev Nephrol 2020 Jul 5;16(7):391-407. Epub 2020 May 5.

Division of Translational Immunology, III Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are chief inducers of adaptive immunity and regulate local inflammatory responses across the body. Together with macrophages, the other main type of mononuclear phagocyte, DCs constitute the most abundant component of the intrarenal immune system. This network of functionally specialized immune cells constantly surveys its microenvironment for signs of injury or infection, which trigger the initiation of an immune response. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2020 May 1. Epub 2020 May 1.

Antibioclic steering committee, Paris, France.

Objectives: To describe the implementation and use of a computerized decision support system (CDSS) for antibiotic prescription in primary care in France (Antibioclic). The CDSS targets 37 infectious diseases and has been freely available on a website since 2011.

Methods: Description and implementation of the architecture of a CDSS for antibiotic prescription in general practice. Read More

Urologiia 2020 Apr(2):51-55

GAUZ of Kemerovskaya oblast City clinical hospital No1, Kemerovo, Russia.

Aim: to compare the results of treatment of patients with acute obstructive calculous pyelonephritis, who underwent to retroperitoneoscopic procedure, with patients, who underwent to drainage of the collecting system by means of ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube as the first stage.

Materials And Methods: A total of 121 patients were treated from 2011 to 2019. Of these, 78 patients were included in the main group. Read More

Urologiia 2020 Apr(2):41-45

Federal State-Funded Institution Central Clinical Hospital of the Civil Aviation, Moscow, Russian.

The Purpose Of The Study: a retrospective analysis of the results of patients treatment with ureteral strictures by evaluating the effectiveness of various methods of laparoscopic operations.

Materials And Methods: a retrospective analysis of the treatment of 30 patients operated in the Central Hospital of Civil Aviations from 2013 to the present time with strictures of all departments of the ureters, except the pelvic-ureteral segment (LMS), was performed. The study included 18 women and 12 men. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2020 Jun 6;16(3):320-325. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in infants. The initial evaluation includes imaging to identify risk factors for permanent renal damage, such as malformation and renal parenchymal involvement of the infection i.e. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2020 14;85:e137-e143. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Vinayaka Mission's Kirupananda Variyar Medical College (VMKVMCH), Salem, India.

Purpose: Applications of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging outside the brain have gained increasing importance in recent years, and recent studies have shown the usage of diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging in diagnosing pyelonephritis based on renal cortical and medullary apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of DW magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in comparison with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in diagnosing pyelonephritis.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted for a period of six months in a tertiary hospital in Coimbatore. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 27;7(4):001525. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Serviço de Medicina Interna, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but potentially fatal infection involving the subcutaneous tissue and fascia with the development of necrosis of these structures. Acute compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment compromises the circulation and function of the tissues within that space. We report the case of a male patient who was admitted to the intensive care unit for the management of urosepsis due to an acute obstructive pyelonephritis complicated by cardiopulmonary arrest. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 11;7(4):001510. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Central do Funchal, Funchal, Portugal.

We describe a rare presentation of acute pyelonephritis associated with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. A 68-year-old female presented to the emergency department with a 3 day history of cystitis. General examination revealed the acute onset of pain in the left flank accompanied by fever and chills. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 5;7(4):001464. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Service of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano (Italiano), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.

We present a case of an 85-year-old woman diagnosed with uncomplicated pyelonephritis, who was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. Her chronic medications were phenprocoumon, diltiazem and bisoprolol. During the infectious phase, the patient presented tachycardia - despite high-dose beta-blocker treatment - and developed left acute heart failure, with acute renal failure (pre-renal origin). Read More

Infection 2020 Jun 16;48(3):435-443. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Korea.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus has been suspected to increase mortality in acute pyelonephritis (APN) patients and the goal of this study is to verify this suspicion with a large data set based on almost the entire population of South Korea.

Methods: A nationwide cohort study was conducted using a South Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service claim database. We collected demographic and clinical information including comorbidities of patients with APN as the primary discharge diagnosis during 2010-2014. Read More

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2020 28;2020:8513405. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Oral fosfomycin is approved in Canada for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. Several studies have reported "off label" use of oral fosfomycin in the treatment of patients with complicated lower urinary tract infection (cLUTI). This review summarizes the available literature describing the use of oral fosfomycin in the treatment of patients with cLUTI. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020 May 21;64(6). Epub 2020 May 21.

Allecra Therapeutics SAS, Saint-Louis, France

Third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistant are classified as critical priority pathogens, with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) as principal resistance determinants. Enmetazobactam (formerly AAI101) is a novel ESBL inhibitor developed in combination with cefepime for empirical treatment of serious Gram-negative infections in settings where ESBLs are prevalent. Cefepime-enmetazobactam has been investigated in a phase 3 trial in patients with complicated urinary tract infections or acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Diabetes Obes Metab 2020 Aug 27;22(8):1357-1368. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Department of Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Aims: To evaluate comprehensively the safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with emphasis placed on potential safety concerns related to the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor class.

Methods: In the Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58 (DECLARE-TIMI 58) study, 17 160 patients with T2DM were randomized to dapagliflozin or placebo and followed for a median of 4.2 years. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2020 Mar 25;21:e920440. Epub 2020 Mar 25.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

BACKGROUND Urine pregnancy tests are usually performed by women at home and also by healthcare professionals. However, there are several conditions that may cause a false-positive urine pregnancy test, including trophoblast tumors, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome, adenomyosis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and paraneoplastic syndromes. A case is presented of a false-positive urine pregnancy test in a 28-year-old woman with a history of tubal ligation, who had a delayed diagnosis of obstructive pyelonephritis due to renal calculus. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 5;7(3):001391. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Few cases have been reported with respect to portal vein thrombosis in non-cirrhotic patients. Asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms of portal vein thrombosis may lead to misdiagnosis or may delay the diagnosis until complications develop. We report a case of portal vein thrombosis in a patient with type 1 diabetes presenting as acute pyelonephritis. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2020 Mar 20. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Nefrología Infantil, Hospital Universitario La Plana, Villarreal, Castellón, España.

Introduction: Acute focal bacterial nephritis is an interstitial bacterial infection, localised in the renal parenchyma, which can be more serious than acute pyelonephritis. The aim of this study is the analysis of predictive factors that may lead to its early diagnosis, which is essential for an adequate therapeutic approach.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective, multicentre case and control study. Read More

Transplant Proc 2020 Jun 18;52(5):1287-1290. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common bacterial infection after kidney transplant. Some studies suggested that urinary tract infection could impair graft survival, but this issue remains debated. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between acute pyelonephritis (APN) and the risk of kidney graft failure. Read More

JCI Insight 2020 Apr 9;5(7). Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

C5a is a potent inflammatory mediator that binds C5aR1 and C5aR2. Although pathogenic roles of the C5a/C5aR1 axis in inflammatory disorders are well documented, the roles for the C5a/C5aR2 axis in inflammatory disorders and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the C5a/C5aR2 axis contributes to renal inflammation and tissue damage in a mouse model of acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Urologiia 2020 Mar(1):110-114

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Further Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Urological Center of the Scientific Clinical Center of Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia.

New information about typical changes in the immune status at both local and systemic level in various forms of acute pyelonephritis is provided in the second part of the review. The literature review and analysis of current national and foreign literature dedicated to immune disorders in various forms of acute pyelonephritis has been performed. The degree and nature of changes in systemic and local immunological parameters in nonobstructive and obstructive, serous and purulent forms are highlighted in details. Read More

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020 05;39(5):385-388

From the Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Kanazawa Medical Center.

Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis (APN) in children is the finding of both pyuria (P) and bacteriuria (B); however, some APN patients have neither of these findings [APN(P(-);B(-))].

Methods: In this study, we investigated APN patients who visited our hospital over 14 years to identify specific clinical characteristics of APN(P(-);B(-)).

Results: A total of 171 APN patients were included in the study, and of these 29 were APN(P(-);B(-)). Read More

Cureus 2020 Feb 3;12(2):e6854. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Family Medicine, Wellspan Good Samaritan Hospital, Lebanon, USA.

Ovarian Vein Thrombosis (OVT) is an extremely rare and uncommon thrombotic condition commonly attributed to the postpartum period. We report a case of a 30 yr old P2002 who presented with one day history of fever, chills, vomiting, abdominal and left flank pain. Patient had a preterm vaginal birth at 34 weeks gestation, four days prior to her presentation. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2020 Mar 16;35(10):e65. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a bacteriostatic agent, is known to inhibit erythropoiesis leading to anemia. We aimed to investigate the associations of NGAL, anemia, and renal scarring in children with febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 261 children with febrile UTIs. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2020 Mar 11. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin Chuo-ku Saitama, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan.

Objective: The recommended durations of treatment for acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) and acute pyelonephritis (APN) are different. This study aimed to clarify the sonographic findings used to differentiate AFBN from APN during diagnosis and to compare these findings with those obtained using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Eleven children with urinary tract infection who underwent contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasound examinations within a 24-h period were included. Read More

BMC Urol 2020 Mar 11;20(1):23. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shikawa 6-20-2, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.

Background: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) with obstructive uropathy often causes sepsis. Recently, sepsis was redefined using the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, based on the new Sepsis-3 criteria. We investigated predictors for sepsis using this new definition in patients with obstructive APN associated with upper urinary tract calculi. Read More