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Nephrol Ther 2019 Apr;15 Suppl 1:S27-S32

Unité de bactériologie, groupe hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil cedex, France; Université Paris-Est-Créteil-Val-de-Marne, avenue du Général-de-Gaulle, 94010 Créteil cedex, France.

Upper tract urinary tract infections that require hospitalization have been the focus of national recommendations in 2018 by the French society of infectious diseases (Spilf). We here propose to discuss several complex-challenging situations: severe infection with sepsis, pyelonephritis in the pregnant woman, management of infections involving multiresistant bacteria and infection in polycystic kidney disease. Read More

Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019 Apr;33(4):298-303

Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital,Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.

To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and renal function. We collected the clinical data of 487 patients who underwent sleep monitoring in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 and excluded history of chronic heart disease, acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, and pyelonephritis. Among the 487 patients, 54 were in nonOSA control group and 433 were in OSA group, including 64 patients with mild OSA, 77 patients with moderate OSA, 108 patients with severe OSA, and 188 patients with extremly severe OSA. Read More

Transplantation 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Urology and renal transplantation, Montpellier University hospital, France.

Introduction: Renal insufficiency can occur in patients with congenital lower urinary tract malformations (LUTM) even when managed during infancy. Data in the current literature concerning this subject remain sparse. The aim of this study was to report the feasibility and long-term results of renal transplantation during adulthood in patients with a congenital LUTM. Read More

Ren Fail 2019 Nov;41(1):204-210

b Department of Internal Medicine , Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital , Changwon , Republic of Korea.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with acute pyelonephritis (APN) rarely has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of AKI associated with APN. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 403 patients over 18-year old age hospitalized for APN management from October 2009 to September 2014 in tertiary care referral center. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Apr 1;4:CD001534. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, Australia, 2145.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children. Symptoms include fever, lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. UTI is caused by Escherichia coli in over 80% of cases and treatment is a course of antibiotics. Read More

Am J Pathol 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address:

Severe urinary tract infections are commonly caused by sub-strains of Escherichia coli secreting the pore-forming virulence factor α-hemolysin (HlyA). Repeated or severe cases of pyelonephritis can cause renal scarring that subsequently can lead to progressive failure. We have previously demonstrated that HlyA releases cellular ATP directly through its membrane pore and that acute HlyA-induced cell damage is completely prevented by blocking ATP signaling. Read More

J Pediatr 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Objective: To determine whether treatment for urinary tract infections in children could be individualized using biomarkers for acute pyelonephritis.

Study Design: We enrolled 61 children with febrile urinary tract infections, collected blood and urine samples, and performed a renal scan within 2 weeks of diagnosis to identify those with pyelonephritis. Renal scans were interpreted centrally by 2 experts. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

Omadacycline, an aminomethylcycline, is a novel member of the tetracycline class of antibiotics. It has received approval by the U.S. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 May 13;38(5):937-944. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-PE) are often associated with inappropriate empirical therapy (IAT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether IAT of acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by ESBL-PE is related to adverse outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary-care hospital from 2014 through 2016. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Chief Scientific Officer, Zavante Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA.

Background: ZTI-01 (fosfomycin for injection) is an epoxide antibiotic with a differentiated mechanism of action (MOA) inhibiting an early step in bacterial cell wall synthesis. ZTI-01 has broad in vitro spectrum of activity, including multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens, and is being developed for treatment of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and acute pyelonephritis (AP) in the United States.

Methods: Hospitalized adults with suspected or microbiologically confirmed cUTI/AP were randomized 1:1 to 6 g ZTI-01 q8h or 4. Read More

Future Microbiol 2019 Mar 11. Epub 2019 Mar 11.

Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.

Fosfomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic available since the 1970s whose intravenous formulation has been available in many countries outside the USA. Given the rise in drug resistant bacteria, its introduction into the US market has become a necessity for addressing these organisms. This review provides an overview of the microbiology, clinical pharmacology and initial clinical experiences of the intravenous fosfomycin product (ZTI-01) that is undergoing clinical development in the USA for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT) are commonly observed in patients with acute pyelonephritis. The goal of this study was to examine the clinical significance of elevated serum AP and γ-GT levels and to explore the mechanisms underlying these changes.

Methods: We examined serum AP and γ-GT levels in 438 patients with acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Investig Clin Urol 2019 Mar 31;60(2):120-126. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Purpose: To analyze the utility of quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in patients with uro-sepsis due to acute pyelonephritis (APN) with upper urinary tract calculi, we conducted this study. The role of qSOFA as a tool for rapid prognostication in patients with sepsis is emerging. But there has been a great debate on its utility. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Mar 4;16(5). Epub 2019 Mar 4.

Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been redefined in the new millennium as any alteration of kidney morphology, function, blood, or urine composition lasting for at least 3 months. This broad definition also encompasses diseases or conditions that are associated with normal kidney function, such as a kidney scarring from an acute pyelonephritis episode or a single kidney, as a result of kidney donation. CKD is a relevant public health problem. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 28;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.

A 65-year-old Japanese woman with Parkinson's disease, later diagnosed with Lewy body disease, presented with a 2-day history of systemic tremors. She also had fever without rigidity or creatine kinase (CK) elevation. She was diagnosed with sepsis caused by pyelonephritis with acute kidney injury and parkinsonism exacerbation. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Pediatric Nephrology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019, Paris, France.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common infectious complications in kidney transplant recipients (KTR); asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) is also frequent. It is unclear whether treatment of AB reduces subsequent UTI in KTR; no guideline is available in pediatric KTR. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the incidence of AB in pediatric KTR and the impact of screening and treating AB on the onset of subsequent UTI. Read More

BMJ 2019 02 27;364:l440. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Modelling and Economics Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

Objective: To evaluate the duration of prescriptions for antibiotic treatment for common infections in English primary care and to compare this with guideline recommendations.

Design: Cross sectional study.

Setting: General practices contributing to The Health Improvement Network database, 2013-15. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(8):e14536

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.

Rationale: Advanced ovarian malignancies are associated with poor overall survival; thus, patients often turn to alternative treatments, despite the controversy surrounding their use. Mistletoe extract has been commonly used as complementary medicine to treat patients with cancer for several decades, and has proven benefits in integrative oncology.

Patient Concerns: A 47-year-old woman with stage IVB ovarian cancer who underwent optimal surgical cytoreduction, but whose disease persisted after adjuvant platinum-based combination chemotherapy and 2nd-line chemotherapy. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2019 Apr 22;51(4):571-577. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Biochemistry, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, 20070, Kınıklı Yerleşkesi/Denizli, Turkey.

Purpose: Acute pyelonephritis is associated with considerable morbidity and potential for renal scarring. Pentraxin3 (PTX3) is a recently discovered mediator of inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in serum and urine PTX3 levels in children who had a history of pyelonephritis and were diagnosed with renal parenchymal scar (RPS) and/or vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Feb 21;12(2). Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, New York, USA.

A 54-year-old female patient with hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus type 2 was brought to emergency room by the family members for acute change in mental status. The laboratory evaluation demonstrated findings consistent with acute renal failure (normal renal function 3 months prior to presentation). She was initiated on hemodialysis due to lack of improvement in renal function. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Feb 20;9(2):e024184. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Research Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.

Objective: In the context of acute conditions seen in an emergency department, where communication may be difficult, patient information leaflets (PILs) could improve doctor-patient communication (DPC) and may have an impact on other outcomes of the consultation. Our objective was to assess the impact of PILs on DPC, patient satisfaction and adherence, and on patient and doctor behaviours.

Design: Prospective, controlled, before-after trial between November 2013 and June 2015. Read More

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2019 Feb 20;41(2):97-101. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Objective:  To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods:  Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010-2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool. Read More

N Engl J Med 2019 02;380(8):729-740

From the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (F.M.E.W.); Achaogen, South San Francisco (D.J.C., A.S.K., D.S.C., K.M.K., T.R.K., L.E.C., I.F.), the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles (L.G.M.), and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (L.G.M.) - all in California; and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.P.D.).

Background: The increasing multidrug resistance among gram-negative uropathogens necessitates new treatments for serious infections. Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside with bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) Enterobacteriaceae.

Methods: We randomly assigned 609 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), including acute pyelonephritis, in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous plazomicin (15 mg per kilogram of body weight once daily) or meropenem (1 g every 8 hours), with optional oral step-down therapy after at least 4 days of intravenous therapy, for a total of 7 to 10 days of therapy. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Oct(4):44-48

RostSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Rostov on Don, Russia.

The generally accepted standard of antibiotic therapy aimed at causative agent does not exclude the risk of acute obstructive pyelonephritis (AOP) to become chronic after the end of antibiotic therapy, resulting in a high incidence of relapses. To assess the outcomes of the AOP, we undertook a prospective clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 51 consistently selected patients (12 men and 39 women) with AOP occurred as a result of unilateral ureteric calculus obstruction. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 12;9(1):1854. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

Endocan is a water-soluble proteoglycan exclusively secreted by vascular endothelium. Endocan levels may be elevated in kidney transplant recipients experiencing antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), which is characterized by vascular inflammation in transplanted kidney. We evaluated the clinical relevance of endocan as markers of microvascular inflammation in patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Dec(6):115-117

FGBOU VO Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ryazan, Russia.

In the article an experience of successful surgical treatment of such a rare pathology in children, acute primary purulent paranephritis is described. In 11 children aged from 2 days to 14 years the standard laboratory, imaging and X-rays studies, including CT and MRI. Upper, posterior, anterior and lower paranephritis was detected in 2, 1, 2, and 6 cases, respectively. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Dec(6):76-79

FGBOU VG ASMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in outpatient and inpatient practice.

Aim: to analyze some epidemiological aspects of UTIs in large hospitals of the Altai Territory (AK) for 2007-2017 yy.

Materials And Methods: a retrospective analysis of UTI incidence, including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute and chronic cystitis in the AK for 2007-2017, as well as in large medical organizations (MO) AK (KGBUZ "Altai regional hospital for war veterans" and KGBUZ. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018;63(7):397-402

Institute of biomedical problems RAN, Russia, 123007, Moscow.

Clinical observation and examination of 12 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were performed. The first group (GI) included patients with exacerbation of the disease. In the comparison group (GII)- the same patients after 1. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, USA.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam is a combination of an antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicines Agency in 2015 for use in adults to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections with metronidazole. Studies for paediatric indications are planned. Read More

Drugs 2019 Feb;79(3):271-289

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Cefiderocol is an injectable siderophore cephalosporin discovered and being developed by Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Japan. Read More

South Med J 2019 Feb;112(2):118-124

From Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora.

Objectives: To determine the frequency, timing, and types of imaging obtained in patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, and how often imaging findings affect therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 1062 adults with a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis discharged from an urban, safety-net hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. From the 739 patients selected after exclusions, we determined the number and proportion of patients imaged within the first 24 hours of admission, stratified by risk factors for pyelonephritis complications, and the frequency of positive findings leading to invasive interventions. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2019 Apr 31;178(4):525-531. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Pediatric Nephrology Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Severe (grades IV and V) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a risk factor for acute pyelonephritis, renal scars, and renal failure. This study evaluates albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) urinary excretion, and renal concentrating ability as screening tools to select patients for voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Children (111 M, 52 F) aged 10. Read More

J Nephrol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents the most common infection after kidney transplantation; it is associated with an increased risk for acute kidney rejection and impaired graft function in the early post-transplant period. Kidney transplant recipients with UTIs are often clinically asymptomatic due to the immunosuppressive therapy; however, asymptomatic bacteriuria may progress to acute pyelonephritis, bacteremia and urosepsis, particularly in the early post-transplant period, that are independent risk factors for short and long-term graft and patient survival. This article reviews the definitions, incidence, risk factors and the management of UTI in kidney transplant recipients; furthermore, the main controversial and still unanswered questions, regarding the causes of recurrent UTIs, adequate use of antibiotics to avoid antibiotic resistance, dosing and timing for prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic infections, are also discussed. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2018 27;71(4):462-466. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Assiut University, Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.

Introduction: Obstructive anuria can be managed by primary ureteroscopy (URS) or deferred URS after initial ureteral stenting. We want to compare the primary URS and deferred URS in the management of calculus anuria regarding the feasibility and clinical outcome.

Material And Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2014, 150 patients with anuria due to ureteral calculi were prospectively randomized according to the timing of ureteroscopic intervention into two groups; deferred URS group (69 patients who were treated initially by ureteral stenting) and primary URS group (81 patients who were treated by emergency URS). Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 27;63(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc., Schenectady, New York, USA.

Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside with activity against multidrug-resistant Plazomicin is dosed on a milligram-per-kilogram-of-body-weight basis and administered by a 30-min intravenous infusion every 24 h, with dose adjustments being made for renal impairment and a body weight (BW) of ≥125% of ideal BW. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to identify patient factors that account for variability in pharmacokinetics and to determine if dose adjustments are warranted based on covariates. The analysis included 143 healthy adults and 421 adults with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), acute pyelonephritis, bloodstream infection, or hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) from seven studies (phases 1 to 3). Read More

Complement Ther Med 2019 Feb 12;42:429-437. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

Introduction: It is believed that tubulointerstitial inflammation plays a role in the formation of renal scarring secondary to acute pyelonephritis (APN). Vitamin A is an anti-inflammatory agent that is involved in the re-epithelialization of damaged mucosal surfaces.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in combination with antibiotics for improving urinary tract infections (UTIs) symptoms and preventing renal scarring in girls with APN. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 8;12:173-181. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Surgery, Maharaj Nakorn Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Background: The conventional antibiotic regimen for community-acquired upper urinary tract infections with moderate severity in Thailand is parenteral ceftriaxone (CTRX) for several days followed by oral cephalosporin for 7-14 days. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral sitafloxacin (STFX) with that of intravenous CTRX followed by oral cefdinir (CFDN) for the therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI).

Methods: This open-label, randomized, controlled, noninferiority clinical trial included patients from nine centers across Thailand. Read More

Urology 2019 Apr 15;126:45-48. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Urology, George Washington University Medical School, (GWUH), Washington, DC.

Objective: To determine the percentage of emergently placed nephrostomy tubes (NT) that were subsequently deemed usable for definitive percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy in patients presenting with nephrolithiasis.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective database review was completed to identify patients who underwent emergent NT placement and then subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were collected. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Jan 16;8(1). Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.

The impact of diabetes on perioperative outcomes remains incompletely understood. Our purpose is to evaluate post-operative complications and mortality in patients with diabetes. Using the institutional and clinical databases of three university hospitals from 2009⁻2015, we conducted a matched study of 16,539 diabetes patients, aged >20 years, who underwent major surgery. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2018 Nov-Dec;28(6):454-461

Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Acute pyelonephritis (APN), although a common clinical entity, still not much is known about the clinical profile in the Indian scenario. We prospectively collected clinical, biochemical, and radiological data of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of APN from March 2014 to June 2016. A total of 296 cases were included in the study. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 14;9(1):106. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Calcineurin inhibitor Tacrolimus, is a potent immunosuppressive drug widely used in order to prevent acute graft rejection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent infectious complication in renal transplant patients and long-term use of Tacrolimus might be involved in higher susceptibility to bacterial infections. It remains largely unknown how Tacrolimus affects the host innate immune response against lower and upper UTI. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 May 29;94(1):55-59. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

To investigate factors for the recurrence of acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PE), a retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary-care hospital from 2014 through 2016. Among 135 patients who had recovered from APN caused by ESBL-PE, the 1-year cumulative recurrence rates of APN caused by any pathogen or by ESBL-PE specifically were 35.6% and 22. Read More

Adv Gerontol 2018;31(5):711-716

M.Gorkiy Donetsk national medical university, 16, pr. Il'yicha, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine; e-mail:

The aim of the study is to identify possible mechanisms that could provoke a recurrence of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis (COP) in eldery women, thus to find out - why age and sex can be risk factors for acute pyelonephritis in urolithiasis. The results of 43 women over 65 years of age (mean age 71±1,5 years) are presented in study. The 26 patients were examined in remission phase of COP; 17 patients were examined in recurrence phase. Read More

Bull Exp Biol Med 2019 Jan 9;166(3):334-338. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of kidney cells were evaluated on the models of acute renal pathologies: pyelonephritis, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney. In acute pyelonephritis, a significant increase in the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in kidney cells and the appearance of mitochondrial MMP-2 isoform with a lower molecular weight, but still exhibiting proteolytic activity were observed. A direct correlation between the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidney and the severity of inflammation in pyelonephritis was revealed. Read More

Perm J 2019 ;23:18-044

PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India.

Introduction: We studied the value of neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the success of nephron-sparing procedures in management of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, patients underwent nephron-sparing procedures between 2007 and 2014. Severity was graded by Huang-Tseng classification. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2019 Jan 28;34(1):e8. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: As of 2011, among 250 administrative districts in Korea, 54 districts did not have obstetrics and gynecology clinics or hospitals providing prenatal care and delivery services. The Korean government designated 38 regions among 54 districts as "Obstetric Care Underserved Areas (OCUA)." However, little is known there are any differences in pregnancy, prenatal care, and outcomes of women dwelling in OCUA compared to women in other areas. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr 3;62:226-228. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by John Cunningham (JC) virus in immunocompromized patients such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hematological malignancy, autoimmune disorder, and immunodeficiency disorder as well as those undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. No effective treatments have been established for PML, which commonly causes severe neurological sequelae. We describe the first case of PML in a patient without HIV infection who exhibited remarkable improvement following acute pyelonephritis with Escherichia coli bacteremia. Read More

Infect Chemother 2018 Dec;50(4):357-361

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

While carbapenems are the drug of choice to treat extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, some alternative carbapenem-sparing regimens are suggested for antibiotic stewardship. We experienced a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure for acute pyelonephritis caused by an apparently susceptible . A 71-year-old woman presented the emergency department with fever for 7 days and bilateral flank pain for 2 days. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2019 Jan 1;21(Suppl 1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

Timely management of patients presenting to the ED while in their first trimester of pregnancy can improve outcomes for both the patient and the fetus. Common obstetric problems encountered include vaginal bleeding and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of undetermined location, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. Optimal diagnostic approaches and management strategies are covered, including which antiemetics are safe to give in pregnancy. Read More

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin. Hong Kong.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition.

Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Read More