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Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2019 Feb 20;41(2):97-101. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Objective:  To analyze the prescription of antimicrobial agents for pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics service who presented with acute pyelonephritis.

Methods:  Three cross-sectional studies were performed comparing the prescription of antimicrobials for pyelonephritis in pregnant women in the time periods evaluated (2010-2011: 99 patients evaluated; 2013: 116 patients evaluated; 2015: 107 patients evaluated), at the Hospital Fêmina, Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The analysis was performed before and after the promotion of an institutional protocol for the treatment of pyelonephritis during pregnancy, and on a third occasion after the introduction of a smartphone-based mobile educational tool. Read More

N Engl J Med 2019 02;380(8):729-740

From the Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany (F.M.E.W.); Achaogen, South San Francisco (D.J.C., A.S.K., D.S.C., K.M.K., T.R.K., L.E.C., I.F.), the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles (L.G.M.), and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (L.G.M.) - all in California; and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.P.D.).

Background: The increasing multidrug resistance among gram-negative uropathogens necessitates new treatments for serious infections. Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside with bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant (including carbapenem-resistant) Enterobacteriaceae.

Methods: We randomly assigned 609 patients with complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), including acute pyelonephritis, in a 1:1 ratio to receive intravenous plazomicin (15 mg per kilogram of body weight once daily) or meropenem (1 g every 8 hours), with optional oral step-down therapy after at least 4 days of intravenous therapy, for a total of 7 to 10 days of therapy. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Oct(4):44-48

RostSMU of Minzdrav of Russia, Rostov on Don, Russia.

The generally accepted standard of antibiotic therapy aimed at causative agent does not exclude the risk of acute obstructive pyelonephritis (AOP) to become chronic after the end of antibiotic therapy, resulting in a high incidence of relapses. To assess the outcomes of the AOP, we undertook a prospective clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised 51 consistently selected patients (12 men and 39 women) with AOP occurred as a result of unilateral ureteric calculus obstruction. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Feb 12;9(1):1854. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.

Endocan is a water-soluble proteoglycan exclusively secreted by vascular endothelium. Endocan levels may be elevated in kidney transplant recipients experiencing antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), which is characterized by vascular inflammation in transplanted kidney. We evaluated the clinical relevance of endocan as markers of microvascular inflammation in patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Dec(6):115-117

FGBOU VO Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ryazan, Russia.

In the article an experience of successful surgical treatment of such a rare pathology in children, acute primary purulent paranephritis is described. In 11 children aged from 2 days to 14 years the standard laboratory, imaging and X-rays studies, including CT and MRI. Upper, posterior, anterior and lower paranephritis was detected in 2, 1, 2, and 6 cases, respectively. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Dec(6):76-79

FGBOU VG ASMU of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Barnaul, Russia.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in outpatient and inpatient practice.

Aim: to analyze some epidemiological aspects of UTIs in large hospitals of the Altai Territory (AK) for 2007-2017 yy.

Materials And Methods: a retrospective analysis of UTI incidence, including acute and chronic pyelonephritis, acute and chronic cystitis in the AK for 2007-2017, as well as in large medical organizations (MO) AK (KGBUZ "Altai regional hospital for war veterans" and KGBUZ. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018 ;63(7):397-402

Institute of biomedical problems RAN, Russia, 123007, Moscow.

Clinical observation and examination of 12 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CPN) were performed. The first group (GI) included patients with exacerbation of the disease. In the comparison group (GII)- the same patients after 1. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA.

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C-T) is a combination of an antipseudomonal cephalosporin and a β-lactamase inhibitor. C-T was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 and by the European Medicine Agency in 2015 for use in adults to treat complicated urinary tract infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated intra-abdominal infections with metronidazole. Studies for paediatric indications are planned. Read More

Drugs 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Cefiderocol is an injectable siderophore cephalosporin discovered and being developed by Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Japan. Read More

South Med J 2019 Feb;112(2):118-124

From Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, and the University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora.

Objectives: To determine the frequency, timing, and types of imaging obtained in patients with a discharge diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, and how often imaging findings affect therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 1062 adults with a diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis discharged from an urban, safety-net hospital between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. From the 739 patients selected after exclusions, we determined the number and proportion of patients imaged within the first 24 hours of admission, stratified by risk factors for pyelonephritis complications, and the frequency of positive findings leading to invasive interventions. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Pediatric Nephrology Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Severe (grades IV and V) vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a risk factor for acute pyelonephritis, renal scars, and renal failure. This study evaluates albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) urinary excretion, and renal concentrating ability as screening tools to select patients for voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Children (111 M, 52 F) aged 10. Read More

J Nephrol 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, 'Aldo Moro' University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents the most common infection after kidney transplantation; it is associated with an increased risk for acute kidney rejection and impaired graft function in the early post-transplant period. Kidney transplant recipients with UTIs are often clinically asymptomatic due to the immunosuppressive therapy; however, asymptomatic bacteriuria may progress to acute pyelonephritis, bacteremia and urosepsis, particularly in the early post-transplant period, that are independent risk factors for short and long-term graft and patient survival. This article reviews the definitions, incidence, risk factors and the management of UTI in kidney transplant recipients; furthermore, the main controversial and still unanswered questions, regarding the causes of recurrent UTIs, adequate use of antibiotics to avoid antibiotic resistance, dosing and timing for prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic infections, are also discussed. Read More

Cent European J Urol 2018 27;71(4):462-466. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Assiut University, Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.

Introduction: Obstructive anuria can be managed by primary ureteroscopy (URS) or deferred URS after initial ureteral stenting. We want to compare the primary URS and deferred URS in the management of calculus anuria regarding the feasibility and clinical outcome.

Material And Methods: Between January 2012 and December 2014, 150 patients with anuria due to ureteral calculi were prospectively randomized according to the timing of ureteroscopic intervention into two groups; deferred URS group (69 patients who were treated initially by ureteral stenting) and primary URS group (81 patients who were treated by emergency URS). Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc., Schenectady, New York, USA.

Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside with activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Plazomicin is dosed on a mg/kg basis and administered by 30-min intravenous infusion every 24 h, with dose adjustments for renal impairment and body weight (BW) ≥125% of ideal BW. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to identify patient factors that account for variability in pharmacokinetics and to determine if dose adjustments are warranted based on covariates. Read More

Complement Ther Med 2019 Feb 12;42:429-437. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.

Introduction: It is believed that tubulointerstitial inflammation plays a role in the formation of renal scarring secondary to acute pyelonephritis (APN). Vitamin A is an anti-inflammatory agent that is involved in the re-epithelialization of damaged mucosal surfaces.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin A supplementation in combination with antibiotics for improving urinary tract infections (UTIs) symptoms and preventing renal scarring in girls with APN. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 8;12:173-181. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Surgery, Maharaj Nakorn Si Thammarat Hospital, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.

Background: The conventional antibiotic regimen for community-acquired upper urinary tract infections with moderate severity in Thailand is parenteral ceftriaxone (CTRX) for several days followed by oral cephalosporin for 7-14 days. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oral sitafloxacin (STFX) with that of intravenous CTRX followed by oral cefdinir (CFDN) for the therapy of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI).

Methods: This open-label, randomized, controlled, noninferiority clinical trial included patients from nine centers across Thailand. Read More

Urology 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Urology, George Washington University Medical School, (GWUH), Washington, DC.

Objective: To determine the percentage of emergently placed nephrostomy tubes (NT) that were subsequently deemed usable for definitive percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy in patients presenting with nephrolithiasis.

Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective database review was completed to identify patients who underwent emergent NT placement and then subsequent percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy. Demographic, operative, and postoperative data were collected. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Jan 16;8(1). Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.

The impact of diabetes on perioperative outcomes remains incompletely understood. Our purpose is to evaluate post-operative complications and mortality in patients with diabetes. Using the institutional and clinical databases of three university hospitals from 2009⁻2015, we conducted a matched study of 16,539 diabetes patients, aged >20 years, who underwent major surgery. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2018 Nov-Dec;28(6):454-461

Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephro Urology, Victoria Hospital Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Acute pyelonephritis (APN), although a common clinical entity, still not much is known about the clinical profile in the Indian scenario. We prospectively collected clinical, biochemical, and radiological data of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of APN from March 2014 to June 2016. A total of 296 cases were included in the study. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 14;9(1):106. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Calcineurin inhibitor Tacrolimus, is a potent immunosuppressive drug widely used in order to prevent acute graft rejection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent infectious complication in renal transplant patients and long-term use of Tacrolimus might be involved in higher susceptibility to bacterial infections. It remains largely unknown how Tacrolimus affects the host innate immune response against lower and upper UTI. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address:

To investigate factors for the recurrence of acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-PE), a retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary-care hospital from 2014 through 2016. Among 135 patients who had recovered from APN caused by ESBL-PE, the 1-year cumulative recurrence rates of APN caused by any pathogen or by ESBL-PE specifically were 35.6% and 22. Read More

Adv Gerontol 2018 ;31(5):711-716

M.Gorkiy Donetsk national medical university, 16, pr. Il'yicha, Donetsk 83003, Ukraine; e-mail:

The aim of the study is to identify possible mechanisms that could provoke a recurrence of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis (COP) in eldery women, thus to find out - why age and sex can be risk factors for acute pyelonephritis in urolithiasis. The results of 43 women over 65 years of age (mean age 71±1,5 years) are presented in study. The 26 patients were examined in remission phase of COP; 17 patients were examined in recurrence phase. Read More

Bull Exp Biol Med 2019 Jan 9;166(3):334-338. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

A. N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of kidney cells were evaluated on the models of acute renal pathologies: pyelonephritis, rhabdomyolysis, and ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney. In acute pyelonephritis, a significant increase in the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in kidney cells and the appearance of mitochondrial MMP-2 isoform with a lower molecular weight, but still exhibiting proteolytic activity were observed. A direct correlation between the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidney and the severity of inflammation in pyelonephritis was revealed. Read More

Perm J 2019 ;23

PD Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharshtra, India.

Introduction: We studied the value of neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in predicting the success of nephron-sparing procedures in management of emphysematous pyelonephritis.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, patients underwent nephron-sparing procedures between 2007 and 2014. Severity was graded by Huang-Tseng classification. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2019 Jan 28;34(1):e8. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: As of 2011, among 250 administrative districts in Korea, 54 districts did not have obstetrics and gynecology clinics or hospitals providing prenatal care and delivery services. The Korean government designated 38 regions among 54 districts as "Obstetric Care Underserved Areas (OCUA)." However, little is known there are any differences in pregnancy, prenatal care, and outcomes of women dwelling in OCUA compared to women in other areas. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by John Cunningham (JC) virus in immunocompromized patients such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hematological malignancy, autoimmune disorder, and immunodeficiency disorder as well as those undergoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy. No effective treatments have been established for PML, which commonly causes severe neurological sequelae. We describe the first case of PML in a patient without HIV infection who exhibited remarkable improvement following acute pyelonephritis with Escherichia coli bacteremia. Read More

Infect Chemother 2018 Dec;50(4):357-361

Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

While carbapenems are the drug of choice to treat extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, some alternative carbapenem-sparing regimens are suggested for antibiotic stewardship. We experienced a case of ciprofloxacin treatment failure for acute pyelonephritis caused by an apparently susceptible . A 71-year-old woman presented the emergency department with fever for 7 days and bilateral flank pain for 2 days. Read More

Emerg Med Pract 2019 Jan 1;21(Suppl 1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY

Timely management of patients presenting to the ED while in their first trimester of pregnancy can improve outcomes for both the patient and the fetus. Common obstetric problems encountered include vaginal bleeding and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of undetermined location, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. Optimal diagnostic approaches and management strategies are covered, including which antiemetics are safe to give in pregnancy. Read More

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin. Hong Kong.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common infection in children. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity associated with this condition.

Objective: To provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection in children. Read More

Urologiia 2018 Dec(5):22-26

FGBOU VO Altai State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Barnaul, Russia.

Aim: to determine the importance of a presepsin plasma level for early identification of urosepsis, assessment the severity and efficiency of therapy.

Material And Methods: From 2017 to 2018 . a prospective controlled randomized cohort study with 32 patients (6 men, 26 women) aged from 20 to 60 years was conducted. Read More

Postgrad Med J 2018 Dec 20;94(1118):714-715. Epub 2018 Dec 20.

Department of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Fortis CDOC Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Emerg Med Pract 2019 Jan 1;21(1):1-20. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Director of Undergraduate Medical Education, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA; Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.

Timely management of patients presenting to the ED while in their first trimester of pregnancy can improve outcomes for both the patient and the fetus. Common obstetric problems encountered include vaginal bleeding and miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of undetermined location, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. Optimal diagnostic approaches and management strategies are covered, including which antiemetics are safe to give in pregnancy. Read More

J Physiol Pharmacol 2018 Aug 9;69(4). Epub 2018 Dec 9.

Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.

Recent evidence suggests that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), cystatin C (CysC), uromodulin (UMOD), and some interleukins (IL-6 and IL-18) can be considered as diagnostic markers of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to verify the applicability of four urinary (u) markers, namely uNGAL, uKIM-1, uCysC, and uUMOD, for the diagnosis of ascending AKI induced by bacterial pyelonephritis. The study included 30 female rats that were divided into three groups (n = 10 each) and were inoculated transurethrally with various doses of Escherichia coli to induce isolated pyelonephritis (group 1, 10 CFU/ml), pyelonephritis-induced AKI (group 2, 10 CFU/ml), or AKI and urosepsis (group 3, 10 CFU/ml). Read More

Clin Kidney J 2018 Dec 2;11(6):769-776. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Department of Radio Diagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Background: Isolated renal mucormycosis (IRM) is a potentially fatal disease affecting immunocompromised hosts. IRM affecting apparently immunocompetent patients is rare, with few previous reports, mostly from India. We describe 10 cases of bilateral IRM with no underlying risk factors. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2018 Aug;35(4):413-419

Laboratorio de Infectología y Virología Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.

Background: Chikungunya (CHIK) was introduced in The Americas in 2013, spreading rapidly. In 2014, the first imported case was diagnosed in Chile.

Aim: To identify patients with clinical suspicion of CHIK and describe their clinical and laboratory characteristics. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 12 10;19:1463-1466. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, Hague, Netherlands.

BACKGROUND This is a case report of a male patient who presented with a history of right flank pain based on renal infarction. Initially the symptoms were misdiagnosed as acute pyelonephritis. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old male with a history of familial hypercholesterolemia and cerebral infarction presented at the Emergency Department with a 3-day history of acute right-sided flank pain. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 16;6:353. Epub 2018 Nov 16.

Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.

While small non-obstructive stones in the adult population are usually observed with minimal follow-up, the same guidelines for management in the pediatric population have not been well-studied. We evaluate the clinical outcomes of small non-obstructing kidney stones in the pediatric population to better define the natural history of the disease. In this IRB-approved retrospective study, patients with a diagnosis of kidney stones from January 2011 to March 2017 were identified using ICD9 and ICD10 codes. Read More

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Dec 15;33(49):e317. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

J Korean Med Sci 2018 Dec 12;33(49):e310. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.

Background: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most common community-acquired bacterial infections. Recent increases of antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens might have changed the other epidemiologic characteristics of APN. The objective of this study was to describe the current epidemiology of APN in Korea, using the entire population. Read More

Jpn J Infect Dis 2018 Nov 30. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine.

A capnophilic Gram-negative rod was recovered from the urine of an octogenarian male patient with acute pyelonephritis. The isolate also demonstrated to produce CTX-M-2-type- extended-spectrum-β-lactamase. Interestingly, the isolate failed to grow on modified Drigalski (BTB) and MacConkey agars even in the CO-enriched atmosphere. Read More

Georgian Med News 2018 Oct(283):76-80

Higher educational establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Chernivtsi, Ukraine.

The article presents a theoretical generalization of the research results the effectiveness of heparisin on the state of the carbohydrate-protein components of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue in liver in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with obesity I-II degree and chronic kidney disease І-ІІ stage. The purpose of the study is to find out the effectiveness of heparisin (glycyrizine 40 mg, glycine 400 mg, L-cysteine hydrochloride 20 mg) on the state of the carbohydrate-protein components of the extracellular matrix in connective tissue of the liver in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with obesity I-II degree and chronic kidney disease (CKD) І-ІІ stage. 98 patients with NASH on the background of obesity of the I-II degree were examined, including: 52 patients with NASH (I group) (without accompanying CKD), 46 patients with NASH with comorbid CKD І-ІІ stage (II group). Read More

Med Arch 2018 Oct;72(4):272-275

Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Introduction: The objective of this research was to determine whether vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) was associated with evolution to renal scarring (RS) following a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) in infants.

Materials And Methods: Our research included 100 infants, ages up to 1 year with a first febrile UTI. The diagnostic was based on results of: laboratory findings, ultrasonography (USG), voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and initial and control renal scintigraphy (DMSA renal scan) withtechnetiumTcsuccimer (dimercaptosuccinic acid), to assess the acute pyelonephritis (APN), VUR and RS. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2018 Dec 25;18(12):1319-1328. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Shionogi & Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria represent the highest priority for addressing global antibiotic resistance. Cefiderocol (S-649266), a new siderophore cephalosporin, has broad activity against Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, including carbapenem-resistant strains. We assessed the efficacy and safety of cefiderocol versus imipenem-cilastatin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection in patients at risk of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2019 Feb 29;27(1):59-75. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Radiology, Hospital Garcia de Orta, Av. Torrado da Silva, 2805-267 Almada, Portugal; Department of Radiology, Hospital da Luz, Estrada Nacional 10, km 37, Setúbal 2900-722, Portugal. Electronic address:

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common of bacterial infections. Imaging studies are only required in cases of complicated UTIs. Ultrasound remains the first-line imaging method; however, CT is the gold standard for evaluation of UTIs. Read More

CEN Case Rep 2018 Nov 19. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.

A 57-year-old woman with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) was hospitalized because of fever and fatigue. On admission, increased inflammatory response and pyuria with bacteriuria were observed. Pyelonephritis was successfully treated with antibiotics, whereas her fatigue continued and she developed progressive hypercalcemia and hyponatremia; serum sodium level, 116 mEq/L and corrected serum calcium level, 13. Read More

J Ultrason 2018 ;18(73):152-157

3rd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Renal pelvicalyceal dilatation is caused by urine retention in the upper urinary tract. It is referred to as pyelectasis in medical literature. This term does not indicate the cause that leads to the dilatation of and urine retention in the renal pelvicalyceal system. Read More

Neurologia 2018 Nov 13. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Unidad de Neuropediatría, Departamento de Pediatría, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018 Nov;79(11):653

Consultant in Elderly Medicine, Acute Medical Unit, West Suffolk Hospital, West Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Bury St Edmunds IP33 2QZ.

Am J Ther 2018 Oct 24. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Physiology, Applied Physiology Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis are clinical problems that frequently occur in children. Several factors are responsible for renal tissue injury, morbidity, and renal scarring after pyelonephritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of L-carnitine on renal scarring in acute pyelonephritis. Read More

J Am Coll Radiol 2018 Nov;15(11S):S232-S239

Specialty Chair, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Pyelonephritis refers to infection involving the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. In most patients, uncomplicated pyelonephritis is diagnosed clinically and responds quickly to appropriate antibiotic treatment. If treatment is delayed, the patient is immunocompromised, or for other reasons, microabscesses that form during the acute phase of pyelonephritis may coalesce, forming a renal abscess. Read More