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Pediatr Neonatol 2022 Jun 9. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Urol Case Rep 2022 Sep 9;44:102126. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Urology Department FSI Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.

Acute pyelonephritis is the most common bacterial infection during pregnancy. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can lead to serious maternal and fetal complications. In the literature, a few cases of perirenal abscess complicating acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy have been reported. Read More

Nat Rev Urol 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Innovative solutions are needed for the treatment of bacterial infections, and a range of antibacterial molecules have been explored as alternatives to antibiotics. A different approach is to investigate the immune system of the host for new ways of making the antibacterial defence more efficient. However, the immune system has a dual role as protector and cause of disease: in addition to being protective, increasing evidence shows that innate immune responses can become excessive and cause acute symptoms and tissue pathology during infection. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 Jun 2;11(11). Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Infectious Disease Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.

Acute graft pyelonephritis (AGP) is the leading cause of bloodstream infection in kidney transplant (KT) recipients. The prevalence of urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacilli is increasing. This 14-year prospective observational study sought to determine the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of AGP with bacteremia due to MDR Gram-negative bacilli. Read More

Cureus 2022 May 30;14(5):e25498. Epub 2022 May 30.

Medicine, SBH (St. Barnabas Hospital) Health System, New York City, USA.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute life-threatening necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and perirenal tissues. There are multiple treatment strategies for EPN depending on the initial classification; over the last three decades, the treatment approach has favored kidney sparing strategies and the use of nephrectomy only as salvage therapy. We report a case involving a patient with unilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis complicated with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), sepsis, and multiple risk factors associated with poor prognosis who was successfully treated with conservative management sparing nephrectomy. Read More

Acad Emerg Med 2022 Jun 2. Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Professor of Medicine in Residence, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Chairman Emeritus, Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Faculty, Division of Infectious Diseases, Olive View-UCLA Medical Center.

Background: Uropathogen resistance, Fluoroquinolone-resistance (FQR) and Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), has been observed to be emerging worldwide with prevalences above recommended thresholds for routine empirical treatment. The primary aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of FQR from a geographically diverse sample of United States Emergency Departments (ED).

Methods: We conducted a multi-center, observational cohort study utilizing a network of 15 geographically diverse US EDs. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2022 Apr;10(10):3268-3277

Department of Emergency, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, China.

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe acute necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues that causes the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system, or perinephric tissue and has a poor prognosis. EPN occurs primarily in people with diabetes mellitus (DM), but can occur in those without DM when the associated renoureteral unit is obstructed.

Case Summary: We describe our experience with six patients who developed EPN. Read More

World J Radiol 2022 Apr;14(4):91-103

Department of Radiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

Background: The resulting tissue hypoxia and increased inflammation secondary to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) combined with viral load, and other baseline risk factors contribute to an increased risk of severe sepsis or co-existed septic condition exaggeration.

Aim: To describe the clinical, radiological, and laboratory characteristics of a small cohort of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 who underwent percutaneous drainage for septic complications and their post-procedural outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 11 patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 by RT-PCR test and required drain placement for septic complications. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 May 31;22(1):509. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.

Background: An increasing number of patients are being prescribed anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors (antithrombotic treatment). Basic research has suggested an association between antithrombotic treatment and bacteremia during kidney infection. Here, we investigated the association between antithrombotic treatment, bacteremia and acute kidney injury in patients with acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2022 May 23;2022(5):omac048. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Urology, Mohamed VI University Hospital Center, Mohamed I University, Oujda, Morocco.

A 59-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency room with febrile right flank pain. The computed tomography scan and the magnetic resonance imaging had objectified lesion image occupying the upper half of the right kidney, measuring 82 mm, suggesting an infectious origin without excluding the infected tumor. He was put under antibiotics. Read More

Vet Clin Pathol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.

Samples collected from an 11-month-old Dachshund-mix dog with a history of acute azotemia, fever, and enlarged and irregular kidneys were received at the Colorado State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (CSU VDL). The submitting veterinarians were concerned about lymphoma versus acute nephritis/pyelonephritis. The CSU clinical pathology laboratory received urine for urinalysis and kidney aspirates for cytologic evaluation. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2022 Aug 22;28(8):1092-1097. Epub 2022 May 22.

Department of Urology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address:

Patients with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis often show impaired immune function that aggravates infectious diseases. Some of the therapeutic recommendations for UTIs have been revised recently, partly because of the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria such as quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli and Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria, mainly E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which vary from country to country or between regions in frequency of emergence and spread. Read More

Pediatr Neonatol 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: For risk stratification and individualized treatment for children with urinary tract infection (UTI), they must be assessed for the presence of acute pyelonephritis (APN). Our study aimed to combine variables that can predict APN and establish a nomogram for clinical use.

Methods: In total, 111 children <5 years old hospitalized at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital for UTI were classified into APN and simple UTI groups based on a technetium-99 m dimercaptosuccinic acid scan. Read More

J Endourol 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Urology, Asian Institute of Nephrology & Urology, Hyderabad, India.

It is challenging to diagnose diabetic renal papillary necrosis (RPN) radiologically due to the limitation in performing a contrast study in patients with compromised renal function. Endoscopic management by Double 'J' (DJ) stenting or percutaneous nephrostomy is the preferred treatment. The aim of our study was to analyze the role of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) in the management of RPN by retrieving necrosed papillae. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 May 9;16(1):185. Epub 2022 May 9.

Emergency Department and Emergency Medical Service, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP, 46 rue Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.

Background: Elderly and frail patients who are unable to call for help in case of vital distress can develop complications during their hospitalization. As a supplement to clinical monitoring by the nursing staff, these patients can also be monitored in real time, with the Sensium E-health technology. An application notifies clinical staff of any change in their vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) outside of normal ranges, suggestive of physiological decline. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2022 22;13:159. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Department of Neurosurgery, Cannizzaro Hospital, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Catania, Italy.

Background: Spinal epidural abscesses are rare and are misdiagnosed in up to 75% of cases. Fever, back pain, and neurological deficits are part of the classical triad. Here, the authors report a patient with a L2-L5 spinal epidural abscess with the left paravertebral extension attributed to acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 05 4;12(1):7292. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

Acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) is a localized bacterial infection of the kidneys presenting as an inflammatory mass that can develop into renal abscess. The current reports on AFBN mostly are among children and rarely described in adults. This study was aimed to analyze the clinical features of AFBN in adults and make a review for the disease to give the clinicians some clues to suspect and recognize it in adults. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 26;14(3):e23511. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Internal Medicine and Diabetes and Endocrinology, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, GBR.

Renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis due to statins is quite rare. We present a case of a 57-year-old patient who developed acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis secondary to atorvastatin. Interestingly, this patient had a similar presentation 27 years ago requiring dialysis only once resulting in complete resolution of symptoms. Read More

Urologiia 2022 May(2):34-42

Perm State Medical University named after E.A. Wagner Academy of Health of the Russian Federation, Perm, Russia.

The Purpose Of The Study: to develop a modern algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of acute gestational pyelonephritis in a large industrial city and to study the possibilities of phytotherapy as an integral part of this algorithm.

Materials And Methods: The study consisted of two stages and included 629 patients treated over 12 years (2010-2021) in Perm city with a population of 1.1 million people. Read More

Cureus 2022 Mar 16;14(3):e23222. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND.

Cullen's sign is well described in the literature as subcutaneous ecchymosis in the periumbilical region. It is most commonly represented with acute pancreatitis. Recently, there have been many case reports associated with this sign to different clinical scenarios. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022 30;12:824505. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Our previous work using a murine model of pyelonephritis demonstrated that the C5a/C5aR1 axis plays a pathogenic role in acute kidney infection. In this study, we report that the C5a/C5aR1 axis also plays a pathogenic role in acute bladder infection. C5aR1-deficient mice had reduced bladder bacterial load and attenuated bladder tissue injury, which is associated with reduced expression of terminal α-mannosyl residues (Man) (a potential ligand for type 1 fimbriae of ) at the luminal surface of the bladder epithelium and reduced early bacterial colonization of the bladder. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 2;13:824425. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

INSERM, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.

Background: While Urinary tract infections are the most common infections in kidney transplant recipients, the impact of late acute graft pyelonephritis (AGPN) on graft outcomes remains unknown. Our study was performed to more precisely evaluate the long-term impact of AGPN.

Methods: We included 9052 kidney and combined kidney-pancreas recipients who underwent transplantation between 2008 and 2018 from a French multicenter cohort. Read More

Indian J Urol 2022 Apr-Jun;38(2):115-120. Epub 2022 Apr 1.

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Introduction: Renal mucormycosis has been documented to occur even in apparently immunocompetent individuals. Owing to the rarity of this disease, literature on its management is small. We present our experience of diagnosing and managing 11 cases of primary renal mucormycosis who presented during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Read More

N Engl J Med 2022 04;386(14):1327-1338

From Spero Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA (P.B.E., L.M., I.A.C., S.W., H.K., A.-M.P., A.J., T.K., D.M., A.K.T.); Moore Computing Services, Little Rock, AR (G.M.); and DaneStat Consulting, Macclesfield, United Kingdom (A.D.).

Background: There is a need for oral antibiotic agents that are effective against multidrug-resistant gram-negative uropathogens. Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide is an orally bioavailable carbapenem with activity against uropathogenic Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains.

Methods: In this phase 3, international, double-blind, double-dummy trial, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of orally administered tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide as compared with intravenous ertapenem in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2022 03;20(Suppl 1):117-124

From the Department of General Surgery and Transplantation, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.

Objectives: In this study, we examined the clinical and biochemical features of biopsy-proven acute pyelonephritis among 769 kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: This cohort study was performed between January 2003 and December 2019 at the University of Health Sciences (Izmir, Turkey). Acute pyelonephritis refers to urinary tract infection with acute graft dysfunction. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 04 5;12(4):e055447. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Psychological Medicine, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of all-cause and ambulatory care sensitive condition (ACSCs)-related hospitalisations among individuals with dementia. In addition, to investigate differences by stage of dementia based on recorded cognitive function.

Setting: Data from a large London dementia care clinical case register, linked to a national hospitalisation database. Read More

Kidney360 2022 02 24;3(2):403-404. Epub 2022 Feb 24.

Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey.

Kidney360 2021 04 29;2(4):773-775. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas.

Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2022 Apr;38(1):25-46

Equine Internal Medicine, University of Sydney, B01 - J.D. Stewart Building, Sydney, Australia.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rare in horses with an overall prevalence reported to be 0.12%. There is often a continuum from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) to CKD, and patients with CKD may be predisposed to episodes of AKI. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2022 Jul 25;43:102061. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Urology and Kidney Transplant, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Mucormycosis is a rare disease. It is typically seen in immunocompromised patients. Isolated renal mucormycosis is an extremely rare disease. Read More