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Opt Lett 2021 Jun;46(12):2884-2887

The aberrations in an optical microscope are commonly measured and corrected at one location in the field of view, within the so-called isoplanatic patch. Full-field correction is desirable for high-resolution imaging of large specimens. Here we present, to the best of our knowledge, a novel wavefront detector, based on pupil sampling with subapertures, measuring the aberrated wavefront phase at each position of the specimen. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 2021 Jun 12. Epub 2021 Jun 12.

Department of Ophthalmology (Qvision), VITHAS Hospital, 04120, Almería, Spain Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain Department of Ophthalmology (IMQO-Oftalmar), Vithas Medimar International Hospital, Alicante, Spain.

Abstract: The increase of the depth of focus (DOF) for the treatment of presbyopia or cataracts is a topic of great interest for anterior segment surgeons that have seen how new surgical possibilities to achieve DOF enlargement have emerged. Nowadays, several technologies to extend the DOF are available, from corneal laser refractive surgery (LRS) procedures in presbyopia to intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in cataract or refractive lens exchange. Some of these procedures are based on aspherical profiles, either in the cornea or in the IOL, which modulate the spherical aberration (SA) and therefore extend the light energy on different focal planes. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of General and Trauma Surgery, BG Bergmannsheil University Hospital Bochum, Bochum, Germany.

Background And Study Aims:  Patients with large intracerebral hematomas (ICH) may demonstrate different demographics and underlying brain and systemic diseases, as well as different radiologic courses and distinct outcomes. It remains unclear whether their different behavior attributes to a different biology of the ICH or to the asymmetric characteristics of the two populations. To analyze and adjust for potential sources of selection and treatment bias, our study compared age-matched patients with traumatic and nontraumatic ICH in a single cohort diagnosed and treated in the same surgical department. Read More

Phys Med Biol 2021 Jun 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Paul Scherrer Institute Center for Proton Therapy, Villigen, SWITZERLAND.

The introduction of noninvasive imaging techniques such as MRI imaging for treatment planning and optical eye tracking for in-room eye localization would obviate the requirement of clips implantation for many patients undergoing ocular proton therapy. This study specifically addresses the issue of torsional eye movement detection during patient positioning. Noninvasive detection of eye torsion is performed by measuring the iris pattern rotations using a BEV (Beams Eye View) optical camera. Read More

J Eye Mov Res 2021 May 5;14(3). Epub 2021 May 5.

Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany.

We describe a high-performance, pupil-based binocular eye tracker that approaches the performance of a well-established commercial system, but at a fraction of the cost. The eye tracker is built from standard hardware components, and its software (written in Visual C++) can be easily implemented. Because of its fast and simple linear calibration scheme, the eye tracker performs best in the central 10 degrees of the visual field. Read More

Front Neurosci 2021 28;15:664490. Epub 2021 May 28.

Cognitive Systems Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.

It has been shown that conclusions about the human mental state can be drawn from eye gaze behavior by several previous studies. For this reason, eye tracking recordings are suitable as input data for attentional state classifiers. In current state-of-the-art studies, the extracted eye tracking feature set usually consists of descriptive statistics about specific eye movement characteristics (i. Read More

Curr Eye Res 2021 Jun 14:1-8. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Kepler University Hospital GmbH, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.

: To evaluate rotational stability, tilt and decentration of a new monofocal IOL with a 7.0 mm optic and frame haptics. Prospective post-market clinical follow-up study at the Kepler University Hospital Linz, Austria. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021 Jun 13:34894211005982. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Background: Reliable use of surgical navigation depends upon the registration process. The gold standard is paired-point registration with bone-anchored fiducials, but contour-map registration is more practical. Surgeons may employ variable contour maps and less experienced team members often perform this critical step. Read More

Infancy 2021 Jun 13. Epub 2021 Jun 13.

Speech and Music Lab, Department of Music, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Sweden.

Infants show remarkable skills for processing music in the first year of life. Such skills are believed to foster social and communicative development, yet little is known about how infants' own preferences for music develop and whether social information plays a role. Here, we investigate whether the reactions of another person influence infants' responses to music. Read More

J Exp Child Psychol 2021 Jun 9;210:105203. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Department of Psychology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden. Electronic address:

Background noise makes listening effortful and may lead to fatigue. This may compromise classroom learning, especially for children with a non-native background. In the current study, we used pupillometry to investigate listening effort and fatigue during listening comprehension under typical (0 dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) and favorable (+10 dB SNR) listening conditions in 63 Swedish primary school children (7-9 years of age) performing a narrative speech-picture verification task. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Jun 11;11(1):12405. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Psychology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA.

Cognitive neuroscience researchers have identified relationships between cognitive load and eye movement behavior that are consistent with oculomotor biomarkers for neurological disorders. We develop an adaptive visual search paradigm that manipulates task difficulty and examine the effect of cognitive load on oculomotor behavior in healthy young adults. Participants (N = 30) free-viewed a sequence of 100 natural scenes for 10 s each, while their eye movements were recorded. Read More

Ophthalmologe 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Internationale Innovative Ophthalmochirurgie, Breyer Kaymak Klabe Augenchirurgie, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.

Background: Annually recurring optometric screening helps to identify children with increased axial growth and also to create awareness for wearing properly corrected glasses and for spending enough time outdoors, both of which are crucial for healthy eyes. The obtained biometric data help to expand the epidemiological information on myopia in schoolchildren, which is fundamental for the selection of the correct treatment.

Material And Methods: Contact-free biometry of the eye was used to assess central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021 Sep 14;23:101111. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Purpose: To study post-interventional findings in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) treated with teprotumumab.

Observations: In this multicenter observational Case series patients with DON were treated with teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibitor (10 mg/kg for the first infusion then 20 mg/kg for subsequent infusions, every three weeks for a total 8 infusions). This study included patients with acute and chronic thyroid eye disease (TED) with DON who had failed conventional therapies and were not candidates for surgical decompression. Read More

Chronobiol Int 2021 Jun 10:1-11. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Primary open angle glaucoma is associated with an increased risk of mood and sleep disorders. These adversities have been suggested to relate to a disrupted function of the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The ipRGCs are key components in the nonvisual photoreceptive system that mediates light effects on mood, sleep and circadian rhythm. Read More

Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021 May;10(6)

Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.

Purpose: To determine the range of normal ocular biometry and perform advanced retinal imaging and functional assessment of the rhesus macaque eye.

Methods: We performed ocular phenotyping on rhesus macaques at the California National Primate Research Center. This process consisted of anterior and posterior segment eye examination by ophthalmologists, advanced retinal imaging, and functional retinal electrophysiology. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Jun 10:1-4. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Orbit, Oculoplasty, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.

: To present a case of orbital fungal infection caused by a rare fungus, Lichtheimia corymbifera (Absidia corymbifera) in an immunocompetent individual.: A retrospective case study.: A 23-year-old male presented with painful proptosis of the right eye for 3 months. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 May;10(5):5619-5626

Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.

Background: To evaluate the visual outcome and complications of surgical membranectomy with modified incision and capsulotomy microscissors in patients with persistent pupillary membrane (PPM).

Methods: We enrolled eight eyes with PPM in six patients and performed surgical membranectomy with modified incision located near the limbus and corresponding to the middle of the densest membrane strands. Strands near the collarette of the iris were then cut using capsulotomy microscissors and thick strands were removed with capculorhexis forceps. Read More

Ann Palliat Med 2021 May;10(5):5659-5670

Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.

Background: A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the value of treatment-related indicators of acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate the curative effect.

Methods: Articles on the treatment of AACG in clinical research of OCT published from January 2010 to June 2020 were retrieved from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Spring databases. RevMan 5. Read More

J Neurosci 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Blümlisalpstrasse 10, 8006 Zürich

An organism's fitness is determined by how it chooses to adapt to effort in response to challenges. Exertion of effort correlates with activity in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and noradrenergic pupil dilation, but little is known about the role of these neurophysiological processes for decisions about future efforts - they may provide anticipatory energization to help us accept the challenge or a cost representation that is weighted against the expected rewards. Here we provide evidence for the former, by measuring pupil and fMRI brain responses while 52 human participants (29 females) chose whether to exert efforts to obtain rewards. Read More

J Glaucoma 2021 Jun 8. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvi Glaucoma Services, Sankara Nethralaya Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Precis: Angle closure disease was present in 59.3% of eyes with long anterior zonules. The cause is multifactorial including a thick anteriorly positioned crystalline lens, shorter axial length and increased lens thickness to axial length factor. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2021 Jun;163(6):431-436

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.

Introduction: A mixed breed dog was anesthetized for diagnostic myelography to investigate acute onset neck pain. Instead of contrast medium, 444 μg/kg medetomidine were inadvertently injected into the cerebromedullaris cisterna owing to a human error. Severe bradycardia, undetectable peripheral pulse, respiratory arrest and loss of pupillary, palpebral and corneal reflexes were observed immediately after injection. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Importance: Low school preparedness is linked to high school dropout, poor employment, and negative outcomes. Childcare attendance may increase school readiness and foster academic achievement.

Objective: To explore whether childcare attendance was associated with academic achievement at the end of compulsory schooling (age 16 years in the UK), whether maternal education level was a moderator, and the benefit-cost ratio of childcare regarding productivity returns of academic achievement. Read More

Data Brief 2021 Jun 11;36:107132. Epub 2021 May 11.

Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

The dataset describes the mechanism of suppressing the background noise of the divided-aperture differential confocal Raman microscopy system and the range of tilting angles that the system can handle. On the basis of the confocal microscopy (CM), the divided-aperture confocal microscopy divided the pupil plane of the objective lens into the illumination pupil and collection pupil. Compared with the CM, the divided-aperture confocal microscopy only changes the pupil parameters, according to the partially coherent imaging theory, we simulate and analyze the axial response curves of the divided-aperture confocal system and the traditional confocal system. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 1;13(5):e14786. Epub 2021 May 1.

Ophthalmology, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, ESP.

Purpose: To report a case of vitreociliary block (VCB) six months after a laser posterior capsulotomy (LPC).

Case Report: A 25-year-old man with uveitis, retinal vasoproliferative tumor, cataract, and acute angle-closure glaucoma due to pupillary seclusion, which required laser iridotomies, implantation of an Ahmed valve, phacoemulsification, and LPC. Six months after capsulotomy, he presented a generalized flattening of the anterior chamber (AC) and ocular hypertension, with patent iridotomies. Read More

Front Neurol 2021 20;12:652827. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the risk factors of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI) patients and explore an applicable prognostic predictor for MMCAI patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC). Clinical data from the period 2012-2017 were retrospectively evaluated. Forty-three consecutive MMCAI patients undergoing DC were enrolled in this study. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) 2021 Jun 29;96(6):299-315. Epub 2020 Nov 29.

Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca. El Palmar, Murcia, Spain.

Our visual system has evolved to provide us with an image of the scene that surrounds us, informing us of its texture, colour, movement, and depth with an enormous spatial and temporal resolution, and for this purpose, the image formation (IF) dedicates the vast majority of our retinal ganglion cell (RGC) population and much of our cerebral cortex. On the other hand, a minuscule proportion of RGCs, in addition to receiving information from classic cone and rod photoreceptors, express melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGC). These ipRGC are dedicated to non-image-forming (NIF) visual functions, of which we are unaware, but which are essential for aspects related to our daily physiology, such as the timing of our circadian rhythms and our pupillary light reflex, among many others. Read More

BMC Med 2021 06 7;19(1):137. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.

Background: The introduction of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infection, in the UK in early 2020, resulted in the introduction of several control policies to reduce disease spread. As part of these restrictions, schools were closed to all pupils in March (except for vulnerable and key worker children), before re-opening to certain year groups in June. Finally, all school children returned to the classroom in September. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

University of Valencia, Spain.

Purpose: To evaluate repeatability and agreement between various biometric parameters using six biometers based on different optical technologies.

Setting: University of Valencia.

Design: Prospective, comparative-case-series. Read More

eNeuro 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Oregon Research Hearing Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA

Chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to facilitate learning, but effects of acute VNS on neural coding and behavior remain less well understood. Ferrets implanted with cuff electrodes on the vagus nerve were trained by classical conditioning on an auditory tone frequency-reward association. One tone was associated with reward while another tone was not. Read More

PLoS One 2021 4;16(6):e0252370. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany.

In multistability, a constant stimulus induces alternating perceptual interpretations. For many forms of visual multistability, the transition from one interpretation to another ("perceptual switch") is accompanied by a dilation of the pupil. Here we ask whether the same holds for auditory multistability, specifically auditory streaming. Read More