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Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018 Dec;15(Supplement_4):S243-S248

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Despite being a major cause of morbidity and mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is frequently undiagnosed. Yet the burden of disease among the undiagnosed is significant, as these individuals experience symptoms, exacerbations, and excess mortality compared to those without COPD. The U. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2019 Feb 8;19(1):34. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Background: Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder defined by high serum immunoglobulin E titers that is associated with recurrent respiratory infections, formation of pneumoatoceles, recurrent skin abscesses, and characteristic dental and skeletal abnormalities.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a 56-year-old male with a history of HIES, cavitary mycetomas, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis who presented with recurrent massive hemoptysis. Bronchial artery angiography and bronchoscopy failed to identify active hemorrhage, and two embolizations of the bronchial artery did not resolve the bleeding. Read More

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Communications Engineering Branch, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.

Purpose: Chest radiography is the most common imaging modality for pulmonary diseases. Due to its wide usage, there is a rich literature addressing automated detection of cardiopulmonary diseases in digital chest X-rays (CXRs). One of the essential steps for automated analysis of CXRs is localizing the relevant region of interest, i. Read More

Thorax 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Interstitial lung abnormalities, when present in members of undiagnosed family members recruited on the basis of familial interstitial pneumonia, or in undiagnosed research participants, have been associated with a syndrome that includes distinct sets of imaging abnormalities, restrictive physiological and exercise impairments, and an increased prevalence of histopathological findings, and genetic predictors, that have been noted in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recent longitudinal studies have demonstrated that qualitative and quantitative assessments of interstitial abnormalities are associated with accelerated lung function decline, an increased rate of clinical diagnoses of interstitial lung disease and an increased rate of mortality. In this perspective, in addition to reviewing the prior information, four major efforts that could help the field of early pulmonary fibrosis detection move forward are discussed. Read More

J Thorac Imaging 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Departments of Radiology.

The purpose of this review article is to acquaint the reader with the current state of the art for the noncardiovascular imaging biomarkers of metabolic syndrome found on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the chest and their prognostic significance. Routine chest NCCT includes quantitative information with regard to tissue density and organ volumes in the neck, chest, and upper abdomen. The specific imaging biomarkers that may be seen in association with metabolic syndrome include low thyroid iodine organification, hepatic steatosis, sarcopenia (muscle volume and density), demineralization of the thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral bodies, loss of axial skeletal muscle mass, premature lung inflammation, and an increased deposition of subcutaneous and visceral fat. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019 Jan 31;2019. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.

Thymic enlargement (TE) in Graves' disease (GD) is often diagnosed incidentally when chest imaging is done for unrelated reasons. This is becoming more common as the frequency of chest imaging increases. There are currently no clear guidelines for managing TE in GD. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 29;9(1):893. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.

Three dimensional (3D) microvascular imaging of cubic millimeter to centimeter size volumes often requires much time and expensive instruments. By combining optical clearing with a novel scatter-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) contrast agent, we have greatly extended OCT imaging depth in excised tissues while maintaining a simple and low cost approach that does not require in-depth OCT knowledge. The new method enables fast 3D microvascular mapping in large tissue volumes, providing a promising tool for investigating organ level microvascular abnormalities in large cohorts. Read More

Can Assoc Radiol J 2019 Feb;70(1):83-95

Department of Maternal and Child, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objective: To assess the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to complement ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal urinary tract anomalies.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included 41 women between 19 weeks and 37 weeks and 6 days of gestation carrying fetuses with malformations of the urinary tract which were initially diagnosed by ultrasound and then referred for MRI. In all cases, the diagnosis was confirmed after birth either through imaging or autopsy. Read More

Open Heart 2018 30;5(2):e000924. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Introduction: Angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) is a common syndrome with unmet clinical needs. Microvascular and vasospastic angina are relevant but may not be diagnosed without measuring coronary vascular function. The relationship between cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived myocardial blood flow (MBF) and reference invasive coronary function tests is uncertain. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 Jan 25. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Radiation Science Services, Medical Physics & Bioengineering, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.

This retrospective review of 33 children's dynamic 4-dimensional (4-D) computed tomography (CT) images of the airways, performed using volume scanning on a 320-detector array without anaesthesia (free-breathing) and 1.4-s continuous scanning, was undertaken to report technique, pitfalls, quality, radiation doses and findings. Tracheobronchomalacia (airway diameter collapse >28%) was recorded. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(4):e14077

Pediatric Pulmonology Department.

Rationale: Congenital pulmonary dysplasia (CPD), a congenital lung anomaly, is a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders with diverse clinical and imaging manifestations, including pulmonary agenesis, pulmonary aplasia, and pulmonary hypoplasia. Patients with CPD always have recurrent respiratory tract infections, dyspnea, and/or wheezing. To the best of the author's knowledge, no case of CPD with mild to moderate hemoptysis has been reported so far. Read More

Mol Clin Oncol 2019 Feb 30;10(2):304-308. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of Urology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan.

Nivolumab is a monoclonal immunoglobulin G antibody blocking programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) that promotes the restoration of the natural T-cell-mediated immune response against cancer cells; however, it also causes a number of autoimmune-related adverse events (irAEs) that often involve the endocrine system. The present report describes a 71-year-old man with clear cell renal cell carcinoma metastasis in the lung. Following the 14th course of nivolumab therapy, the patient complained of general malaise, loss of appetite and mild consciousness disturbance. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 24;19(1):83. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.

Background: The understanding of early events following TB exposure is limited by traditional tests that rely on detection of an immune response to infection, which is delayed, or on imaging tests with low sensitivity for early disease. We investigated for evidence of lung abnormalities in heavily exposed TB contacts using PET/MRI.

Methods: 30 household contacts of 20 index patients underwent clinical assessment, IGRA testing, chest x-ray and PET/MRI scan using 18-F-FDG. Read More

Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Rationale Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are radiologic abnormalities on chest CT scans that have been associated with an early or mild form of pulmonary fibrosis. While ILA have been associated with radiologic progression, it is not known if specific imaging patterns are associated with progression or risk of mortality. Objectives To determine the role of imaging patterns on the risk of death and ILA progression. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2018 23;83:e401-e406. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: The role of computed tomography (CT) scan, as a promising prognostic imaging modality in cystic fibrosis (CF), has been widely investigated, focusing on parenchymal abnormalities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of thoracic vascular parameters on CT to detect pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Material And Methods: CF patients who contemporaneously underwent CT and echocardiography were retrospectively enrolled. Read More

JAMA Intern Med 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

Importance: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services added lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a Medicare preventive service benefit in 2015 following findings from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) that showed a 16% reduction in lung cancer mortality associated with LDCT. A challenge in developing and promoting a national lung cancer screening program is the high false-positive rate of LDCT because abnormal findings from thoracic imaging often trigger subsequent invasive diagnostic procedures and could lead to postprocedural complications.

Objective: To determine the complication rates and downstream medical costs associated with invasive diagnostic procedures performed for identification of lung abnormalities in the community setting. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Jan 13. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

There are serious clinical gaps in our understanding of chronic lung disease that require novel, sensitive, and noninvasive in vivo measurements of the lung parenchyma to measure disease pathogenesis and progressive changes over time as well as response to treatment. Until recently, our knowledge and appreciation of the tissue changes that accompany lung disease has depended on ex vivo biopsy and concomitant histological and stereological measurements. These measurements have revealed the underlying pathologies that drive lung disease and have provided important observations about airway occlusion, obliteration of the terminal bronchioles and airspace enlargement, or fibrosis and their roles in disease initiation and progression. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Background: The presence of a hernia sac in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) has been reported to be associated with higher lung volumes and better postnatal outcomes.

Objective: To compare prenatal imaging (ultrasound and MRI) prognostic measurements and postnatal outcomes of CDH with and without hernia sac.

Materials And Methods: We performed database searches from January 2008 to March 2017 for surgically proven cases of CDH with and without hernia sac. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Jan;98(2):e13922

Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu.

Rationale: Complex pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is unusual, and even rarer in 2 members of a family. PAVF may not appear on chest X-ray or computed tomography imaging, especially in asymptomatic patients, and therapy is limited. Herein, PAVFs occurring in a mother and daughter are described, with the current standard methods of diagnosis and treatment of PAVF. Read More

Physiol Rep 2019 Jan;7(1):e13955

CIUSSS de l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal Chest Institute, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Oscillometry Unit and Centre for Innovative Medicine, McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Developed over six decades ago, pulmonary oscillometry has re-emerged as a noninvasive and effort-independent method for evaluating respiratory-system impedance in patients with obstructive lung disease. Here, we evaluated the relationships between hyperpolarized He ventilation-defect-percent (VDP) and respiratory-system resistance, reactance and reactance area (A ) measurements in 175 participants including 42 never-smokers without respiratory disease, 56 ex-smokers with chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease (COPD), 28 ex-smokers without COPD and 49 asthmatic never-smokers. COPD participants were dichotomized based on x-ray computed-tomography (CT) evidence of emphysema (relative-area CT-density-histogram ≤ 950HU (RA ) ≥ 6. Read More

Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019 Jan;42(1):24-29

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.

To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis (DPM), a rare subtype of minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMN), so as to improve the understanding of this disorder. The clinical data of a patient diagnosed as DPM admitted in department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital in August 2016 were reported and the related literatures were reviewed. With "pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules" , "minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules" or "diffuse pulmonary meningotheliomatosis" as the search terms, and the search time before November 1st 2017 for Wanfangdata, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and PubMed. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2019 Jan 27;20(1):50-57. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

In pediatric thoracic CT, respiratory motion is generally treated as a motion artifact degrading the image quality. Conversely, respiratory motion in the thorax can be used to answer important clinical questions, that cannot be assessed adequately via conventional static thoracic CT, by utilizing four-dimensional (4D) CT. However, clinical experiences of 4D thoracic CT are quite limited. Read More

Cardiovasc Pathol 2018 Dec 6;39:38-50. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA. Electronic address:

The traditional classification of congenital aortic arch abnormalities was described by James Stewart and colleagues in 1964. Since that time, advances in diagnostic imaging technology have led to better delineation of the vasculature anatomy and the identification of previously unrecognized and unclassified anomalies. In this manuscript, we review the existing literature and propose a series of modifications to the original Stewart classification of congenital aortic arch abnormalities to incorporate this new knowledge. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2019 Jan 6. Epub 2019 Jan 6.

Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Background: Children with Noonan syndrome are known to have increased risk for lymphatic disorders, the extent and nature of which are poorly understood.

Objective: Our objective was to describe the imaging findings of the central lymphatic abnormalities in children with Noonan syndrome who underwent central lymphatic imaging.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of all children with a confirmed history of Noonan syndrome who presented for lymphatic imaging over a 5-year period. Read More

Clin Respir J 2018 Dec 29. Epub 2018 Dec 29.

Servicio de Neumología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Nacional, Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, México.

Objectives: Lung metastasizing leiomyomatosis (LML) is an infrequently diagnosed pathology developed after sexual maturation, commonly preceded by uterine myomas. Symptoms can include difficulties to breathe, cough, dyspnea and pain, because of mechanical obstruction exerted by expanding local growing leiomyomas. Lung leiomyomas are normally detected by imaging studies, but nowadays the precise diagnosis demands histological characterization of biopsies obtained from the affected tissues. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018 Dec 27:1-9. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

4 Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Objective: The objective of our study was to characterize and update the radiologic patterns of pediatric pulmonary blastomycosis, and correlate the radiologic patterns with patient age.

Materials And Methods: Patients 0-18 years old with pulmonary blastomycosis who underwent chest imaging from 2005 to 2016 were included in this study. The following data were collected: age, sex, clinical information, and imaging findings including presence of extrapulmonary involvement and scarring on follow-up examinations. Read More

J Adv Pract Oncol 2018 Mar 1;9(2):216-221. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute.

RS, a 36-year-old female, presented to the emergency department (ED) of a large academic medical center upon the advice of her primary care provider because of 3 weeks of progressive mental status changes, weakness, and decreased oral intake. According to her husband, RS was diagnosed with stage IIIA large cell lung cancer 8 months earlier and was treated with concurrent chemotherapy (carboplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab) and radiation therapy that was completed 4 months prior to admission. No other specific information about her treatment or outside health records was available. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2018 Dec 21;27(150). Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Regional Referral Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, University Hospital "Policlinico", Dept of Clinical and Respiratory Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Imaging techniques are an essential component of the diagnostic process for interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Chest radiography is frequently the initial indicator of an ILD, and comparison of radiographs taken at different time points can show the rate of disease progression. However, radiography provides only limited specificity and sensitivity and is primarily used to rule out other diseases, such as left heart failure. Read More

Curr Opin Cardiol 2019 Mar;34(2):156-163

Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children.

Purpose Of Review: It has been more than 4 decades since the development of Fontan operation. With the contemporary surgical strategies to treat the patients with a single ventricle physiology, the medium-term survival of the patients following Fontan operation is excellent. Nonetheless, the Fontan circulation with a pumpless pulmonary circulation has fundamental physiologic limitations, which are associated with late Fontan failure and deaths. Read More

Neurourol Urodyn 2018 Dec 21. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Aim: Chronic stress exacerbates the symptoms of most pain disorders including interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Abnormalities in urothelial cells (UTC) occur in this debilitating bladder condition. The sequence of events that might link stress (presumably through increased sympathetic nervous system-SNS activity) to urothelial dysfunction are unknown. Read More

Eur Respir Rev 2018 Dec 19;27(150). Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Thin-slices multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) plays a key role in the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, thin-slices MDCT has a limited ability to detect active inflammation, which is an important target of newly developed ILD drug therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thanks to its multi-parameter capability, provides better tissue characterisation than thin-slices MDCT. Read More

BMC Pulm Med 2018 Dec 18;18(1):194. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Radiology Department, Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Hôtel Dieu, AP-HP, Université Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

Background: The present study aimed to develop an automated computed tomography (CT) score based on the CT quantification of high-attenuating lung structures, in order to provide a quantitative assessment of lung structural abnormalities in patients with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD).

Methods: Adult (≥18 years) PCD patients who underwent both chest CT and spirometry within a 6-month period were retrospectively included. Commercially available lung segmentation software was used to isolate the lungs from the mediastinum and chest wall and obtain histograms of lung density. Read More

Radiol Bras 2018 Nov-Dec;51(6):377-384

Department of Radiology, Division of Thoracic Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Objective: To determine whether dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) of the chest can be performed at a reduced radiation dose, with an emphasis on images generated with post-processing techniques.

Materials And Methods: In 21 patients undergoing DECT of the chest in a dual-source scanner, an additional image series was acquired at a reduced radiation dose. Four thoracic radiologists assessed both image series for image quality, normal thoracic structures, as well as pulmonary and mediastinal abnormalities, on virtual monochromatic images at 40 keV and 60 keV. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(50):e13362

Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui City, Henan Province, China.

Distinguishing lung adenocarcinoma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is clinically important. Computed tomography (CT) scan is an economical, effective, noninvasive, commonly available, and quick diagnostic way for lung cancer. In this study, we aim to compare the CT characteristics in adenocarcinoma and SCC. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 Feb 7;397:11-15. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Department of Neurology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax is the imaging modality of choice to detect or demonstrate lesions suggestive of active pulmonary tuberculosis. We aimed to evaluate the imaging abnormalities detected on CT of the thorax in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).

Methods: In this prospective study, we enrolled consecutive newly-diagnosed patients with TBM. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec;57(6):890-893

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Research Center of Mother and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.

Objective: Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal and nonfunctional communication between uterine arteries and veins, currently managed by uterine artery embolization (UAE). Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most severe and life-threatening complication of this procedure.

Case Report: We report a case of 27 year-old woman with heavy vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain caused by AVM. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(49):e13452

Division of Rheumatology.

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytosis of the "L" (Langerhans) group with multisystem involvement that can affect the large and medium-sized arteries mimicking vasculitis. Aortic involvement is common but the frequency and outcome of aortic branch vessel abnormalities are less well described.Patients with ECD were retrospectively identified. Read More

Ann Am Thorac Soc 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Brigham and Women\'s Hospital, 1861, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States ;

Rationale: There is increasing evidence that aberrant processes occurring in the airways may precede the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, there has been no prior confirmatory data from imaging studies.

Objectives: To assess quantitative measures of airway wall thickness (AWT) in populations characterized for interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and for IPF.

Methods: Chest computed tomography scans (CTs) and measures of AWT were available on 6073, 615, 1167, and 38 participants from COPDGene, the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE), the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), and in IPF patients from the Brigham and Women's Hospital Herlihy Registry, respectively. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2018 ;59(3):911-915

1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;

We present the imagistic and pathological assessment of a unique case of complete pentalogy of Cantrell associated with craniorachischisis, pulmonary extrophy and right-sided aortic arch with aberrant brachiocephalic artery. For this particular case, the complete and correct diagnosis required a post-mortem imagistic high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 T and detailed stereomicroscopic autopsy. Also, we discussed the pathogenesis and possible etiology of pentalogy of Cantrell and the associated malformations of the case presented. Read More

J Vet Cardiol 2018 Dec 5;20(6):415-424. Epub 2018 Nov 5.

Department of Cardiology of Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso, Via Donatello 26, 20131, Milano, Italy.

Objectives: The objective is to describe the clinical, radiographic, echocardiographic and angiographic findings in dogs with systemic-to-pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (SPAVF).

Animals: Thirteen medical records of client-owned dogs with a diagnosis of SPAVF were reviewed/analysed.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of case records. Read More

J Vet Cardiol 2018 Dec 18;20(6):405-414. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, 7 Avenue Du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to characterize the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic features of French bulldogs (FBs) with congenital pulmonic stenosis and document their survival times and risk factors for cardiac death (CD).

Animals: This study included 66 FBs with congenital pulmonic stenosis.

Methods: Prospective cohort study including a survival analysis to assess time to CD. Read More

Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2018 12;46(8):738

Department of Cardiology, Türkiye Yükses İhtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

J Immunother Cancer 2018 Dec 4;6(1):141. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitors have not been effective for prostate cancer as single agents. Durvalumab is a human IgG1-K monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death ligand 1 and is approved by the U.S. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(48):e13269

Neonatal Service, Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, IDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela), Ciberer, Spain.

Rationale: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a very rare metabolic bone disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL gene encoding the tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. The severe neonatal form is considered lethal but insights into manifestations of the disease can help to increase our knowledge of the natural history for an early initiation of treatment and improvement of survival.

Patient Concerns: We report the case of a newborn in which his fetal imaging showed findings of skeletal dysplasia disorder, considering initially achondroplasia as a potential diagnosis. Read More

Int J Biomed Imaging 2018 18;2018:9752638. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

Department of E.C.E, JNTU College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India.

Lung cancer is one of the major types of cancer in the world. Survival rate can be increased if the disease can be identified early. Posterior and anterior chest radiography and computerized tomography scans are the most used diagnosis techniques for detecting tumor from lungs. Read More

J Electrocardiol 2018 Nov - Dec;51(6):983-989. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.

Objectives: The sensitivity and specificity of the conventional 12-lead ECG to identify carriers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) - causing mutations without left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been limited. We assessed the ability of novel electrocardiographic parameters to improve the detection of HCM mutation carriers.

Methods: We studied 140 carriers (G+) of the TPM1-Asp175Asn or MYBPC3-Gln1061X pathogenic variants for HCM: The G+/LVH+ group (n = 98) consisted of mutation carriers with LVH and the G+/LVH- group (n = 42) without LVH. Read More

Echo Res Pract 2018 Dec;5(4):K67-K72

University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania.

Neck venous malformations and their potentially life-threatening complications are rarely reported in the available literature. Cases of aneurysmal or hypo-plastic jugular vein thrombosis associated with systemic embolization have not been frequently reported. We present the case of a 60-year-old male, without any known risk factors for thromboembolic disease, admitted for sudden onset dyspnea. Read More

Eur Radiol 2018 Nov 28. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and Cardiovascular Theme, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Groby road, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK.

Objectives: To compare aortic size and stiffness parameters on MRI between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods: MRI was performed in 174 patients with asymptomatic moderate-severe AS (mean AVAI 0.57 ± 0. Read More

Insights Imaging 2018 Dec 27;9(6):989-1005. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Imaging Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601, Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Thoracic hernias are characterised by either protrusion of the thoracic contents outside their normal anatomical confines or extension of the abdominal contents within the thorax. Thoracic hernias can be either congenital or acquired in aetiology. They can occur at the level of the thoracic inlet, chest wall or diaphragm. Read More