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ERJ Open Res 2022 Apr 20;8(2). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Graduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse and quantify the prevalence of six comorbidities from lung cancer screening (LCS) on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients from developing countries.

Methods: For this retrospective study, low-dose CT scans (n=775) were examined from patients who underwent LCS in a tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2020. An age- and sex-matched control group was obtained for comparison (n=370). Read More

Life (Basel) 2022 Jun 8;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Purpose: To describe the imaging findings of COVID-19 and correlate them with their known pathology observations.

Methods: This is an IRB-approved retrospective study performed at Columbia University Irving Medical Center () that included symptomatic adult patients (21 years or older) who presented to our emergency room and tested positive for COVID-19 and were either admitted or discharged with at least one chest CT from 11 March 2020 through 1 July 2020. CT scans were ordered by the physicians caring for the patients; our COVID-19 care protocols did not specify the timing for chest CT scans. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Jun 5;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 5.

Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

There are growing concerns that some COVID-19 survivors may acquire fibrosis and other irreversible lung abnormalities. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the rate and predictors of complete resolution of COVID-19 pneumonia by pursuing a hypothetical relation between time and imaging pattern evolution using HRCT findings. A monocentric prospective cohort study with a consecutive-case enrolment design was implemented during a five-month period, having a total of 683 post-COVID patients eligible for inclusion and 635 evaluations with complete follow-up for chest HRCT. Read More

Biomedicines 2022 Jun 2;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 2.

Cardiothoracic and Vascular Division, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: Vascular abnormalities, including venous congestion (VC) and pulmonary embolism (PE), have been recognized as frequent COVID-19 imaging patterns and proposed as severity markers. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the relationship between VC, PE distribution, and alveolar opacities (AO). Read More

Radiologie (Heidelb) 2022 Jun 23. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Universitätsklinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.

Clinical Issue: Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases are a heterogeneous group of pulmonary abnormalities. The correct diagnosis has prognostic and therapeutic implications. This article introduces the most common smoking-related interstitial lung diseases and describes a structured approach to support the diagnostic workflow. Read More

Tomography 2022 Jun 17;8(3):1578-1585. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

(1) Background: Quantitative CT analysis (QCT) has demonstrated promising results in the prognosis prediction of patients affected by COVID-19. We implemented QCT not only at diagnosis but also at short-term follow-up, pairing it with a clinical examination in search of a correlation between residual respiratory symptoms and abnormal QCT results. (2) Methods: In this prospective monocentric trial performed during the "first wave" of the Italian pandemic, i. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022 Jun 23:101161CIRCIMAGING122013969. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo. (K.G., Y.N., A.S., S.M., N.T., M.H., I.K.).

BMC Pulm Med 2022 Jun 22;22(1):243. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: The significant morbidity caused by COVID-19 necessitates further understanding of long-term recovery. Our aim was to evaluate long-term lung function, exercise capacity, and radiological findings in patients after critical COVID-19.

Methods: Patients who received treatment in ICU for COVID-19 between March 2020 and January 2021 underwent pulmonary function tests, a 6MWD and CXR 6 months after hospital discharge. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 22;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) demonstrate a wide variety of pulmonary and coronary artery abnormalities; additionally, coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula (CPAF) is a rare manifestation of PA/VSD and is seldom detected during pregnancy. In this report, we present a case of prenatal diagnosis of CPAF in PA/VSD and impactful images in a neonate, which were obtained using fetal echocardiography and postnatal electrocardiography-gated 320-row CT. Prenatal diagnosis of CPAF can facilitate the provision of better therapeutic strategies after birth. Read More

Diagn Interv Radiol 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Radiodiagnosis and Interventional Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: Systemic to pulmonary vasculature shunting (SPS) is an important finding to identify probable site of bleed, especially in multicentric parenchymal lung disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of imaging findings which can locate SPS on Dual-energy Computed tomography angiography (DECTA), and correlate with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which was considered as gold standard.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 187 patients (148-males, 39-females, mean age- 43. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jun;26(11):4123-4130

2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.

Objective: There are studies discussing the lung CT abnormalities persisting 3-4 months after COVID-19 pneumonia. Very few studies have evaluated the radiological changes in longer perspective, especially in patients with a severe form of the disease. The aim of our study was to show and qualify the persistent CT changes and to evaluate the dynamics of their evolution in convalescent patients after discharge from hospital post moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2022 Jun 22;16(1):259. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Radiology, Ikazia Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Congenital heart diseases rarely have a primary manifestation in adulthood. They are a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension in adults.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old woman of Eurasian descent underwent emergency surgery for bowel ischemia. Read More

Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022 Mar 27;32(1):81-112. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Pulmonary infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients and almost one-third of intensive care unit patients with pulmonary infections belong to the immunocompromised category. Multiple organisms may simultaneously infect an immunocompromised patient and the overwhelming burden of mixed infections further predisposes critically ill patients to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Notwithstanding that lung ultrasound is coming into vogue, the primary imaging investigation is a chest radiograph, followed by thoracic CT scan. Read More

Respir Res 2022 Jun 17;23(1):157. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Channing Division for Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are radiologic findings that may progress to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Blood gene expression profiles can predict IPF mortality, but whether these same genes associate with ILA and ILA outcomes is unknown. This study evaluated if a previously described blood gene expression profile associated with IPF mortality is associated with ILA and all-cause mortality. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: Despite a recommended multidimensional approach for pulmonary hypertension (PH) risk stratification and guidance of treatment decisions, this may not always be achievable in patients with advanced disease. One issue is the lack of an imaging modality to assess right ventricular (RV) structure and function abnormalities.

Purpose: To explore the risk stratification and prognostic value of cardiac MR feature tracking (MR-FT)-derived RV strain. Read More

JTO Clin Res Rep 2022 Jun 18;3(6):100342. Epub 2022 May 18.

Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.

Introduction: To evaluate factors associated with successful comprehensive genomic sequencing of image-guided percutaneous needle biopsies in patients with lung cancer using a broad hybrid capture-based next-generation sequencing assay (CHCA).

Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective review of image-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies from January 2018 to December 2019. Samples with confirmed diagnosis of primary lung cancer and for which CHCA had been attempted were identified. Read More

Front Oncol 2022 30;12:902056. Epub 2022 May 30.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Objective: The timing and nature of surgical intervention for semisolid abnormalities are dependent upon distinguishing between adenocarcinoma- (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (INV). We sought to develop and evaluate a quantitative imaging method to determine invasiveness of small, ground-glass lesions on computed tomography (CT) chest scans.

Methods: The study comprised 268 patients from 4 institutions with resected (<=3 cm) semisolid lesions with confirmed histopathological diagnosis of MIA/AIS or INV. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2022 Jun 15;15(1):206. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, London, UK.

Objective: This study investigates the development of the thoracic cross-section at the nipple line level during the early stages of life. Unlike the descriptive awareness regarding chest development course, there exist no quantitative references concerning shape, circumference and possible dependencies to age, gender or body weight. The proposed mathematical relations are expected to help create guidelines for more realistic modelling and potential detection of abnormalities. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2022 Jun 15. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.

Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks have enabled major advances in development of artificial intelligence (AI) software applications. Modern AI applications offer comprehensive multiorgan evaluation. To evaluate the impact of an automated AI platform, integrated into clinical workflow for chest CT interpretation, on radiologists' interpretation times when evaluated in a real-world clinical setting. Read More

Nat Commun 2022 Jun 14;13(1):3423. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW- School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Detection and segmentation of abnormalities on medical images is highly important for patient management including diagnosis, radiotherapy, response evaluation, as well as for quantitative image research. We present a fully automated pipeline for the detection and volumetric segmentation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) developed and validated on 1328 thoracic CT scans from 8 institutions. Along with quantitative performance detailed by image slice thickness, tumor size, image interpretation difficulty, and tumor location, we report an in-silico prospective clinical trial, where we show that the proposed method is faster and more reproducible compared to the experts. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 10;57(10):652

Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address:

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 08;57(8):549-550

Centro da Criança e do Adolescente, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal.

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 11 9;57(11):703. Epub 2021 Sep 9.

Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lérida, Spain.

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 13;12(6):e059110. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Instituto do Coração-Divisão de Pneumologia, Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: This study aimed to propose a simple, accessible and low-cost predictive clinical model to detect lung lesions due to COVID-19 infection.

Design: This prospective cohort study included COVID-19 survivors hospitalised between 30 March 2020 and 31 August 2020 followed-up 6 months after hospital discharge. The pulmonary function was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnoea scale, oximetry (SpO), spirometry (forced vital capacity (FVC)) and chest X-ray (CXR) during an in-person consultation. Read More

Adv Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;7(4):100980. Epub 2022 Apr 25.

Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Purpose: Parametric response mapping (PRM) of high-resolution, paired inspiration and expiration computed tomography (CT) scans is a promising analytical imaging technique that is currently used in diagnostic applications and offers the ability to characterize and quantify certain pulmonary pathologies on a patient-specific basis. As one of the first studies to implement such a technique in the radiation oncology clinic, the goal of this work was to assess the feasibility for PRM analysis to identify pulmonary abnormalities in patients with lung cancer before radiation therapy (RT).

Methods And Materials: High-resolution, paired inspiration and expiration CT scans were acquired from 23 patients with lung cancer as part of routine treatment planning CT acquisition. Read More

Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022 Jun 8. Epub 2022 Jun 8.

Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Service de Neurologie et pathologie du mouvement, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France.

Post-radiation diaphragmatic weakness have rarely been described. We report two cases of post-radiation diaphragmatic weakness from our center, and review the other published cases, computing clinical, electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging data. Including our two cases, seven cases of post-radiation diaphragmatic weakness have been described. Read More

Thorax 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are associated with the risk of lung cancer and its mortality. However, the impact of ILA on treatment-related complications and survival in patients who underwent curative surgery is still unknown.

Research Question: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of the presence of computed tomography-diagnosed ILA and histopathologically matched interstitial abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and the long-term survival of patients who underwent surgical treatment for lung cancer. Read More

Magn Reson Lett 2021 Aug 8;1(1):2-10. Epub 2021 Aug 8.

Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, China.

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a great burden for the healthcare system in many countries because of its high transmissibility, severity, and fatality. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) play a vital role in the diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognostication of COVID-19. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially multi-nuclei MRI, is another important imaging technique for disease diagnosis because of its good soft tissue contrast and the ability to conduct structural and functional imaging, which has also been used to evaluate COVID-19-related organ injuries in previous studies. Read More

Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022 Jun 6. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Cardiology Department, University of Baskent, 06490 Ankara, Turkey.

Aims: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is an important cause of graft failure after heart transplantation (HTx). We sought to investigate relative merits of echocardiographic tools and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with T1 mapping for the assessment of functional adaptation and remodelling of the RV in HTx recipients.

Methods And Results: Sixty-one complete data set of echocardiography, CMR, right heart catheterization, and biopsy were obtained. Read More

Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022 06 1;8(1):37. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Surgery, Division of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatrics & Child Health, Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare birth defect characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm and herniation of fetal abdominal organs into the chest that results in pulmonary hypoplasia, postnatal pulmonary hypertension owing to vascular remodelling and cardiac dysfunction. The high mortality and morbidity rates associated with CDH are directly related to the severity of cardiopulmonary pathophysiology. Although the aetiology remains unknown, CDH has a polygenic origin in approximately one-third of cases. Read More