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Crit Care Explor 2022 Jun 17;4(6):e0717. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI.

To investigate the relationship between oliguric acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: This investigation took place at a single-center, tertiary referral multidisciplinary comprehensive healthcare hospital in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan. Read More

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022 17;17:1403-1408. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Pulmonary Research Institute at LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Jun 9;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

1st Department of Lung Diseases, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland.

Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia (AEP) is a rare idiopathic disease caused by an accumulation of eosinophils in the pulmonary alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs. The onset of symptoms is acute; some patients develop respiratory failure. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms, diffuse interstitial infiltrates in the lungs on imaging studies, and eosinophilia exceeding 25% on bronchoalveolar lavage or pleural fluid smear. Read More

Biomedicines 2022 Jun 15;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.

The associations between airway eosinophilia, measured in sputum or peripheral blood, and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are inconsistent. We therefore aimed to determine the association between eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and AECOPD in a clinical cohort. We analyzed differential cell counts from baseline BAL fluid in participants in the DISARM clinical trial (Clinicaltrials. Read More

IDCases 2022 6;29:e01530. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

University of Missouri, Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA.

is a soil-transmitted helminth endemic to tropical and subtropical regions and can be acquired due to parasite penetration through the skin. It can remain dormant in the gastrointestinal system for decades after the primary infection. In immunocompromised patients, this parasite can cause autoinfection with progression to hyperinfection syndrome. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 27;13:893844. Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Acetylcholine (ACh) from neuronal and non-neuronal sources plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses and is associated with the development of several disease pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-derived ACh is required for optimal type 2 responses to parasitic infection and therefore sought to determine whether this also plays a role in allergic inflammation. mice (in which ILC2s cannot synthesize ACh) were exposed to an allergenic extract of the fungus , and immune responses in the airways and lung tissues were analyzed. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2022 Jun 14;23:e935710. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.

BACKGROUND Ventricular electrical storm (VES) is a treatment-resistant ventricular arrhythmia associated with high mortality. This report is of a 39-year-old woman with VES treated with emergency cardiac defibrillation followed by multidisciplinary management. CASE REPORT A 39-year-old woman, previously diagnosed with eosinophilia of unknown origin and recurrent non-sustained ventricular tachycardias, was admitted to the Department of Invasive Cardiology with VES after an initial antiarrhythmic approach, analgesia, and defibrillation in the Emergency Department. Read More

Heart Lung 2022 Jun 7;56:29-39. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Bethune Hospital Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, China.

Background: Eosinophils are thought to be associated with the frequency and severity of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD); however, the role of eosinophilic inflammation in AECOPD is still incompletely understood.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between different levels of blood eosinophils and clinical features, including comorbidities, therapy, and prognosis, and to further explore the optimal eosinophilic cutoff.

Methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed medical data, laboratory findings, chest CT images, treatment, and three-year follow-up data from 984 AECOPD patients with different blood eosinophil (EOS) levels: EOS%<2%, ≥2%; EOS%<3%, ≥3%; eosinophil counts<100 cells/L, ≥100 cells/L. Read More

Chest 2022 Jun 1. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Internal Medicine III, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

Background: Osimertinib has demonstrated impressive efficacy as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive (m+) lung cancer. Drug-related pneumonitis (DRP) is a potentially lethal complication of osimertinib treatment, but reliable real-world data are currently lacking.

Research Question: What is the prevalence of osimertinib-induced DRP in first-line settings? What are the characteristics, clinical impact, and risk factors of osimertinib-induced DRP?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients who received osimertinib as a first-line treatment for advanced EGFR m+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) between August 2018 and December 2019. Read More

Intern Med 2022 1;61(11):1663-1671. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Department of Rheumatology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Japan.

Objective Switching from mepolizumab to benralizumab has been reported to significantly improve both asthma control and the lung function. However, the data on its efficacy in elderly patients with severe eosinophilic asthma are limited. This study aimed to assess whether elderly patients with severe eosinophilic asthma could experience an improved asthma control and lung function when switching directly from mepolizumab to benralizumab. Read More

Case Rep Med 2022 18;2022:1424749. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Anesthetics, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare condition characterized by profound peripheral eosinophilia and various organ dysfunction. Diagnostic criteria and classification of this challenging medical entity changed over time. Elevated absolute eosinophil count with extensive tissue infiltration and signs of organ damage of unknown origin is termed idiopathic HES. Read More

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022 Mar 11;60(247):254-258. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Pulmonology, Sleep and Critical Care, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Introduction: Sputum differential is the most comprehensive, and non-invasive investigation for evaluating airway inflammation because of its reliability, reproducibility and responsiveness. The interpretation of the results of induced sputum examination depends on knowledge of normal values from a healthy population. So far, the reference values of sputum differential cells in Nepalese population are not reported. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 3;10(5). Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy.

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are safe and effective, also in individuals with allergic and immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). There are reports suggesting that vaccines may be able to trigger de-novo or exacerbate pre-existing IMDs in predisposed individuals. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by asthma, eosinophilia, and eosinophil-rich granulomatous inflammation in various tissues. Read More

Front Immunol 2022 9;13:842500. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: Eosinophils act as a secondary antigen-presenting cell (APC) to stimulate Th cell responses against antigens. IL-25 plays a significant role in eosinophil activation in allergic asthma. The role of IL-25 on the classic APC functions of dendritic cells has been elucidated. Read More

Mediterr J Rheumatol 2022 Mar 31;33(1):88-90. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK.

We present a 29-year-old gentleman admitted with eight years of recurrent, bilateral, erythematous, macular rash involving the legs, occurring every summer. Other symptoms included intermittent joint aches with dysaesthesia. He was investigated previously with a renal biopsy, a skin biopsy and endoscopy and had been diagnosed as Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP). Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 22;14(4):e24371. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Beirut Cardiac Institute, Beirut, LBN.

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare subtype of myocarditis that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the myocardium and is associated with peripheral eosinophilia in most cases. The diagnosis is suspected in the presence of acute myocarditis and peripheral eosinophilia and is usually confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) before starting steroid therapy. Here, we present a case of severe idiopathic eosinophilic myocarditis in a young man with a history of asthma and peripheral eosinophilia. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2022 May 21. Epub 2022 May 21.

Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27712.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by excessive peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophil associated end-organ damage. Clinical presentations are heterogenous and can involve skin, pulmonary, cardiac and neurologic dysfunction. Eosinophilic myocarditis is a life-threatening complication that increases the risk of cardiac microemboli, which can subsequently lead to embolic strokes. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 20;15(5). Epub 2022 May 20.

Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Renfrewshire, UK.

A 43-year-old woman presented with a presumed lower respiratory tract infection, with symptoms of persistent cough, lethargy, fevers and night sweats. Initial general practitioner assessment revealed raised C reactive protein and a leucocytosis comprising both a neutrophilia and an eosinophilia. The patient was initially treated for bacterial pneumonia. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 27;13:875887. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.

Acute inflammatory exacerbations (AIEs) represent immune-driven deteriorations of many chronic lung conditions, including COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The first line of therapy is represented by broad-spectrum immunomodulation. Among the several inflammatory populations mobilizing during AIEs, eosinophils have been identified as promising indicators of an active inflammatory exacerbation. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 May 3;23(9). Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Liège, Domaine de l'Université B35, 4000 Liège, Belgium.

Eosinophils are rare, multifunctional granulocytes. Their growth, survival, and tissue migration mainly depend on interleukin (IL)-5 in physiological conditions and on IL-5 and IL-33 in inflammatory conditions. Preclinical evidence supports an immunological role for eosinophils as innate immune cells and as agents of the adaptive immune response. Read More

NanoImpact 2021 04 13;22:100309. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Electronic address:

There is increasing evidence that inhaled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can have harmful effects on the respiratory system. Rodent studies suggest that individuals with asthma may be susceptible to the adverse pulmonary effects of MWCNTs. Asthma is an allergic lung disease characterized by a T2 immune response that results in chronic airway disease characterized by eosinophilic lung inflammation, airway mucous cell metaplasia, and airway fibrosis. Read More

J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2022 05 2. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Allergy, La Paz University Hospital, Institute for Health Research IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.

Background And Objective: Comorbidities can influence asthma control and promote asthma exacerbations (AE). However, the impact of multimorbidity in AE, through long-term follow-up in patients with asthma of different severity has been scarcely studied in real-life conditions. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and predictive factors of AE in patients who had presented at least one AE in the last year among patients recruited in the MEchanism of Genesis and Evolution of Asthma (MEGA) project. Read More

Adv Ther 2022 06 30;39(6):2323-2341. Epub 2022 Apr 30.

Allergy and Asthma Network, Vienna, VA, USA.

Eosinophil-associated diseases (EADs) are a range of heterogeneous conditions in which eosinophils are believed to play a critical pathological role. EADs include common illnesses such as eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis and rare conditions such as hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs). EADs are associated with substantial burdens for the patient, including chronic, debilitating symptoms, increased financial burden, decreased health-related quality of life, and the need for repeated visits to multiple different healthcare professionals (HCPs), emergency departments, and/or hospitals. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2022 Jun 26;97(6):1164-1175. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting for greater than 8 weeks, accounts for a substantial number of primary care and specialist consultations in the United States. Although cough can arise from a myriad number of serious respiratory diseases, attention has traditionally focused on diagnosing and treating gastroesophageal reflux, upper airway cough syndrome, and eosinophilic airway inflammation (asthma and nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis) in patients with normal chest imaging. The newly described paradigm and entity of cough hypersensitivity syndrome (CHS) becomes useful when the etiology of cough remains elusive or when the cough remains refractory despite appropriate therapy for underlying causes. Read More

Immunohorizons 2022 Apr 27;6(4):275-282. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Vaccine Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;

Putative subcomponent vaccines of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein and ARNAX (TLR3-specific adjuvant for priming dendritic cells) were examined and compared with spike protein + Alum in a mouse BALB/c model. Survival, body weight, virus-neutralizing Ab titer in the blood, and viral titer in the lung were evaluated for prognosis markers. The infiltration degrees of eosinophils in the lung were histopathologically monitored at 10 d postinfection. Read More

PLoS One 2022 27;17(4):e0265682. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

Background: COPD and coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently co-occur, yet which COPD phenotypes are most prone to CHD is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to see whether COPD patients did have a true higher risk for CHD than subjects without COPD, and to examine a range of potential factors associated with CHD in COPD patients and controls.

Methods: 347 COPD patients and 428 non-COPD controls, were invited for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and pulmonary CT. Read More

G Ital Nefrol 2022 Apr 21;39(2). Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, San Giovanni Evangelista Hospital, Tivoli, Italy.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss syndrome, is a rare systemic vasculitis. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a rare complication of EGPA. We report a case of a 60-year-old man, who is also a skilled cyclist, who was hospitalized to investigate a symptomatology that had arisen over the previous months and worsened in the last few weeks, to the point of limiting normal everyday activities. Read More

J Postgrad Med 2022 Apr-Jun;68(2):102-105

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a severe, idiosyncratic reaction to a drug which presents after a prolonged latency period. Although it most commonly occurs with aromatic anticonvulsants, antibiotics are also occasionally implicated. A 50-year-old male was admitted for left pyopneumothorax. Read More

Biomolecules 2022 03 30;12(4). Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan.

Type 2 (T2) inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as asthma, eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS), or eosinophilic otitis media (EOM). Currently, in severe asthma with the T2 phenotype, biologics targeting mediators of T2 inflammation dramatically improve the management of severe asthma. While treatment with a single biologic is common, little is known about cases of the sequential use of two biologics. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 21;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 21.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA

We present a case of a woman who had progressive shortness of breath and wheezing with a mild restrictive pulmonary function pattern. She was initially diagnosed with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis on the basis of peripheral eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia (47%) and surgical lung biopsy findings. Six months following her diagnosis, the patient returned because of persistent symptoms, and a second review of the lung biopsy revealed thrombotic lesions in the pulmonary vessels with polarisable foreign body materials, associated giant cell reactions and numerous eosinophil infiltrates, consistent with intravenous drug abuse. Read More