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ACS Chem Neurosci 2020 Jul 2. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

UR Anoop Research Group, Pondicherry, India 605008.

In COVID-19, lung manifestations present as a slowly evolving pneumonia with insidious early onset interstitial pulmonary edema that undergoes acute exacerbation in the late stages and microvascular thrombosis. Currently, these manifestations are considered to be only consequences of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. We are proposing a new hypothesis that neurogenic insult may also play a major role in the pathogenesis of these manifestations. Read More

mSphere 2020 Jul 1;5(4). Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the major pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD); in some severe cases, it could develop into central nervous system (CNS) disease such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and neurogenic pulmonary edema in children under 5 years. The EV-A71 pathogenesis which is involved with the CNS is unclear due to the lack of a simple and reliable mouse model thus far. Most clinical EV-A71 isolates could not effectively infect the neonatal mouse, which used to be an EV-A71 infection model. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Jun 1;20(1):388. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.

Background: Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a rare but serious complication of febrile status epilepticus in children. Comprehensive screening for viral pathogens is seldomly performed in the work-up of febrile children.

Case Presentation: A 22-month-old girl presented with her first episode of febrile status epilepticus, after which she developed acute pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 20;12(4):e7746. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Neurology, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, USA.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening event that can cause permanent disability. This life-threatening event can be further complicated by subsequent cardiac and pulmonary disability. The presence of a neurogenic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary edema increases the morbidity and mortality of patients who suffer from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 Jul;183(1):G9-G15

Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.

COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counseling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Read More

Nurse Pract 2020 04;45(4):26-32

Lynn Coletta Simko is an associate professor at Duquesne University School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pa. Alicia L. Culleiton is a faculty member at Ohio Valley School of Nursing, Kennedy Township, Pa.

Although acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most common cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, NPs also should be familiar with several other less common causes, including transfusion-related acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, preeclampsia/eclampsia, opioid overdose, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and pulmonary embolism. This article addresses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and nursing considerations associated with each uncommon cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2020 Jan-Mar;15(1):113-119. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.

Objective: Patients sustaining aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can be further complicated by neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) and Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy (TCM) with dismal outcomes. The present study aimed to validate the efficacy of endovascular therapy for patients with aSAH complicated by NPE and TCM.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with aSAH complicated by NPE and TCM and treated by endovascular therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Apr 25;93:367-374. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is associated with high mortality in children, and persistent sympathetic activation is a common presentation. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate serum chromogranin A (CHGA) levels and their prognostic role in this condition.

Methods: Serum CHGA, creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), serum D-dimer, norepinephrine, blood glucose, lactate, and C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell (WBC) counts, usage of vasopressors, pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM-Ⅲ) scores, and viral etiology were measured upon pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2020 Apr 20;137:109538. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China. Electronic address:

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Severe primary brain injury and subsequent secondary brain injury cascade events are thought to be involved in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of vasoactive substances are also essential prerequisites for NPE. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 6;10:1291. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University London, United Kingdom.

Generalized epileptic convulsions frequently exhibit transient respiratory symptoms and non-infectious leukocytosis. While these peri-ictal effects appear to arise independently from one another, the possibility that they stem from a common ictal pathophysiological response has yet to be explored. We aimed to investigate whether peri-ictal respiratory symptoms and postictal leukocytosis coexist. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Mar 19;135:e505-e509. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan.

Objective: Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute onset after central nervous system injury. Here, we investigated the clinical features of NPE in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 350 patients with SAH who were treated at our hospital from April 2014 to September 2017. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2019 12;21(6):608-610

Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110, Larissa, Greece.

Childs Nerv Syst 2020 May 30;36(5):1075-1078. Epub 2019 Nov 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.

Intraparenchymal schwannomas of the brain are very rare, accounting for < 1% of intracranial schwannomas. We present a case of an 11-year-old boy with a left frontotemporal lobe schwannoma presented with seizure and neurogenic pulmonary edema. To our knowledge, this is the first case of intracerebral schwannoma with neurogenic pulmonary edema published to date and is the first case of an intracerebral schwannoma operated with fluorescein guidance. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2019 Oct;23(10):486-488

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Electrical injuries though infrequent, are potentially devastating form of injuries which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The severity of the injury depends upon intensity of the electrical current which is determined by the voltage and the resistance offered by the victim. These injuries vary from trivial burns to death. Read More

Crit Care 2019 11 12;23(1):352. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, AHSP Building, Suite A6600, A8103, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors experience a high prevalence of cognitive impairment with concomitantly impaired functional status and quality of life, often persisting months after hospital discharge. In this review, we explore the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment following ARDS, the interrelations between mechanisms and risk factors, and interventions that may mitigate the risk of cognitive impairment. Risk factors for cognitive decline following ARDS include pre-existing cognitive impairment, neurological injury, delirium, mechanical ventilation, prolonged exposure to sedating medications, sepsis, systemic inflammation, and environmental factors in the intensive care unit, which can co-occur synergistically in various combinations. Read More

Case Rep Neurol Med 2019 9;2019:6867042. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Acute pulmonary edema is one of the frequent causes of dyspnea encountered in everyday practice. It is broadly attributed to be either cardiogenic or noncardiogenic. It is usually treated with diuretics in addition to other medications depending on the underlying pathology. Read More

Adv Respir Med 2019 ;87(5):298-300

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Introduction: Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) is avery rare complication of epileptic seizures, which could potentially increase mortality.

Material And Methods: The case of a66-year-old male patient with NPE caused by repeated epileptic seizures is reported. Rapid resolution of pulmonary oedema is well documented by X-ray and computed tomography images. Read More

Neurol Neurochir Pol 2019 28;53(6):421-427. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.

Background: Mortality rates following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) have decreased due to improvements in diagnoses and the management of complications, as well as early obliteration of the aneurysms. Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPO) is a clinical syndrome associated with an acute increase in intracranial pressure and a release of catecholamines into the circulation. This study investigated independent predictors of unfavourable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scores 1, 2 or 3) in patients with aSAH. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 06 28;126:697-698. Epub 2019 May 28.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.

World Neurosurg 2019 06 28;126:696. Epub 2019 May 28.

Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.

Indian J Crit Care Med 2019 Aug;23(8):384-386

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Electrical injuries though infrequent, are potentially devastating form of injuries which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The severity of the injury depends upon intensity of the electrical current which is determined by the voltage and the resistance offered by the victim. These injuries vary from trivial burns to death. Read More

Eur Neurol 2019 22;81(1-2):94-102. Epub 2019 May 22.

Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria,

Background: Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is characterized by acute respiratory distress triggered by acute, severe compromise of the central nervous system (CNS). This review aims at summarizing and discussing recent and previous findings about the type and frequency of CNS triggers of NPE, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients experiencing NPE. Key Messages: NPE is diagnosed in the presence of pink, frothy sputum, pulmonary edema, bilateral opacities on X-ray, PaO2:PiO2 <200 mm Hg, acute CNS compromise with increased intra-cranial pressure, rapid resolution within 48-72 h, and the absence of alternative causes of respiratory distress. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 04;24(1):35-40

Neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a potentially fatal cause of sudden cardiogenic dysfunction due to an acute neurological event, most commonly aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in adults. Only two pediatric cases of hydrocephalus-induced NSM have been reported. Here the authors report a third case in a 14-year-old boy who presented with severe headache, decreased level of consciousness, and shock in the context of acute hydrocephalus secondary to fourth ventricular outlet obstruction 3 years after standard-risk medulloblastoma treatment. Read More

Rev Neurol 2019 Apr;68(8):339-345

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota DC, Colombia.

Introduction: Postictal neurogenic pulmonary oedema is an infrequent condition of varying severity, probably related to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). It is more frequent in patients with generalised tonic-clonic seizures of long duration or with status epilepticus.

Aim: Based on a review of the literature, the aim is to describe the clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, radiological findings, treatment and prognosis of patients with postictal pulmonary oedema. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 05 19;94:112-117. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule [RWTH] Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Emergency Department, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule [RWTH] Aachen, Aachen, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Data on the frequency and clinical relevance of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) following epileptic seizures are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze computed tomography (CT) examinations in patients with previous seizures.

Method: Incidence of NPE and related clinical factors were retrospectively assessed in patients admitted because of epileptic seizures who underwent thoracic CT imaging as part of emergency diagnostics. Read More

Acta Cir Bras 2019 Mar 18;34(3):e201900303. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

MD, Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey. Histopathological examinations.

Purpose: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between renal artery vasospasm related low glomerular density or degeneration and neurogenic lung edema (NLE) following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods: This study was conducted on 26 rabbits. A control group was formed of five animals, a SHAM group of 5 to which saline and a study group (n=16) injected with homologous blood into the sylvian cisterna. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 17. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Attack Center, Ota Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan.

Background: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) and neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) are rare complications of an acute ischemic stroke. In particular, TCM and NPE, following carotid endarterectomy (CEA) are extremely rare. In general, TCM- and NPE-associated ischemic strokes are caused by excess catecholamine release after sympathetic nervous stimulation following stroke onset, but the mechanism triggering this stimulation is still unknown. Read More

Mult Scler 2019 05 18;25(6):758-765. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.

Diverse acute neurological injuries may cause acute cardiopulmonary events including neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) and neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM). The mechanism is probably mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation. Focal central nervous system (CNS) lesions, such as demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), may also cause cardiopulmonary disturbances. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 07 27;234(7):11654-11661. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

EW-7197 is a transforming growth factor-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. Here, we investigate the potential therapeutic effects of EW-7197 in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. EW-7197 attenuated the colitis disease activity index by improving rectal bleeding, body weight, and degree of stool consistency. Read More

Transplantation 2019 07;103(7):1433-1438

Mid-America Transplant, St. Louis, MO.

Background: Persistent hypoxemia is the principal reason lungs from otherwise eligible brain dead (BD) organ donors are not transplanted. Experimental models and retrospective studies have suggested that naloxone attenuates neurogenic pulmonary edema and reverses hypoxemia after brain death. We undertook a multisite, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate whether naloxone is able to improve oxygenation in BD donors with hypoxemia. Read More

J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019 Jan 15;28(1):229-231. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Neurology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Medullary hemorrhage is quite rare among brain stem hemorrhage cases, thus the clinical course remains unclear. In the medulla oblongata, respiratory centers are located and previous reports indicate that medullary lesions have possible relationship with acute respiratory distress syndrome. This kind of respiratory failure is commonly caused by neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), which is defined as noncardiac noninfectious acute respiratory distress syndrome with changes in intracranial condition including cerebrovascular events. Read More

J Med Invest 2018 ;65(3.4):286-288

Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is widely performed to prevent delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome. Although HBOT can generally be performed with safety, the appropriate management of HBOT still remains unestablished. A 31-year-old man was transferred to our facility to undergo HBOT in a multiplace chamber with a diagnosis of CO poisoning. Read More

Case Rep Pulmonol 2018 19;2018:3483282. Epub 2018 Aug 19.

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Acute pulmonary edema following significant injury to the central nervous system is known as neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). Commonly seen after significant neurological trauma, NPE has also been described after seizure. While many pathogenic theories have been proposed, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 26;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

The Greater Manchester Neuroscience Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.

Neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPO) is a rare clinical syndrome of pulmonary oedema occurring secondary to an insult of the central nervous system (CNS). The exact aetiology of this disorder is unknown. NPO can be fatal and poor awareness and identification of this entity, particularly in terms of misdiagnosis as primary pulmonary or cardiac disease, can result in suboptimal management and outcomes. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2018 06 15;23(1):33. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Department of Infections Disease, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Leading Road No. 41, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China.

The original publication of this article [1] contained two erroneous paragraphs related to the time and place for the admission of the pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed severe HFMD. The updated information has been indicated in bold. Read More

Eur J Med Res 2018 May 3;23(1):21. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Infections Disease, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Leading Road No. 41, Shizhong District, Zaozhuang, 277100, Shandong, China.

Objective: This study aims to discuss the correlation between serum inflammatory cytokines and neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) in children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).

Methods: A total of 89 patients with severe HFMD were enrolled into this study. These patients were divided into two groups, according to the presence of NPE: central nervous system disease (CNSD) group and NPE group. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2018 28;9:49-50. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Javeriana University.

Cardiopulmonary complications associated with epilepsy are generally associated with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, as a consequence of systemic adrenergic discharge and release of inflammatory mediators. We present a case of a 34-year-old woman with a history of Focal epilepsy since adolescence, who presented self-limited pulmonary edema following a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with subsequent resolution of the symptoms. We also made a brief review of neurogenic pulmonary edema, its proposed pathophysiology, treatment and its relation with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Jul 20;115:e476-e481. Epub 2018 Apr 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be a cause of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). It is well known that lymphatic fluid draining by thoracic duct to lungs consists of many dangerous metabolites, degraded tissue particles, and microbiologic pathogens. However, not enough studies have investigated whether NPE causes septicemia or not. Read More

Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2018 Jun;39(2):98-102

From the Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; and South Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, San Antonio, TX.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality, including premature death from different causes. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, or SUDEP, is one of the most common causes of death in people with epilepsy and originally brought to light by medical examiners. It accounts for 5% to 30% of all deaths in individuals with epilepsy and up to 50% in individuals with medically refractory epilepsy. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Mar 23;12(1):78. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Department of Urology, Onomichi Municipal Hospital, 3-1170-177, Shin-Takayama, Onomichi-shi, Hiroshima, 722-8503, Japan.

Background: Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood thrombus forms and travels from a vein in the body to an artery in the lung. Thrombi often develop in one of the deep veins of the legs, thighs, or pelvis, a condition known as deep vein thrombosis. In this report, we describe a rare instance of a patient who developed deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism secondary to urinary retention, and we also review some of the literature. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 14;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Department of Intensive Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Intern Med 2018 07 28;57(14):2097-2098. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.

J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2019 04;31(2):264-265

Department of Neuroanesthesia & Neurocritical care, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jan 26;2018. Epub 2018 Jan 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.

We present a case of a patient who developed vertebral artery dissection (VAD) while playing tennis and presented with neurogenic pulmonary oedema. The case highlights two important points: acute pulmonary oedema as an unusual presenting feature of VAD and VAD, an important cause of stroke in young people, as being associated with playing low-impact sports such as tennis. These associations, independent of each other, are under-recognised and can lead to a delay in diagnosis. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2018 Jan;46(1):21-25

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Occupational and Environmental Health.

A 79-year-old man presented with left hemiparesis and disturbance of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance(MR)imaging revealed an infarction in the right insular cortex. MR angiography showed a defect in the inferior trunk of the right middle cerebral artery. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2017 15;2017:6417012. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Luke's-West Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

A 20-year-old female presented with confusion, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and severe hyponatremia after ingesting 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated cerebral edema. Her hospital course was rapidly complicated by respiratory failure and shock requiring intubation and vasopressors. Read More

Neurocrit Care 2018 Dec;29(3):508-511

Division of Critical Care Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background: Acute brain injury with strong surges of adrenergic outflow has resulted in takotsubo cardiomyopathy, but there are surprisingly few reports of takotsubo cardiomyopathy after intracranial hemorrhage, and none have been described from hemorrhage within the brainstem.

Results: We describe a patient with reverse and reversible cardiomyopathy following a hemorrhage in the lateral medulla oblongata. While it is limited in size, the location of the hemorrhage caused acute systolic failure with left ventricular ejection fraction of 27% and vasopressor requirement for cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. Read More