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Transl Stroke Res 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88th, Hangzhou, 310000, China.

Neuroinflammation is closely associated with poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are important regulators of sterile inflammation, in SAH. In this study, markers of NET formation, quantified by the level of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), were significantly increased after SAH and correlated with SAH severity. Read More

Saudi J Anaesth 2021 Jan-Mar;15(1):43-45. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Neurosurgery, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.

We present a case of severe neurogenic pulmonary edema and arrhythmia complicating management of a 7-year-old child with acute epidural hematoma and impending cerebral herniation. The underlying mechanisms for this are discussed as well as management of severe neurogenic pulmonary edema. We emphasize the need to recognize this rare complication early and institute prompt aggressive management. Read More

Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021 Apr 1:1-8. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY USA.

The number of lungs available for lung transplantation is far lower than the number of patients awaiting them. Consequently, there is a significant attrition rate while awaiting transplantation. Lung procurement rates are lower than those of other solid organs. Read More

Toxicology 2021 02 20;450:152682. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Covestro Deutschland AG, Global Phosgene Steering Group, 51365, Leverkusen, Germany; Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany; Bayer HealthCare, Wuppertal, Germany(1). Electronic address:

Phosgene (carbonyl dichloride) gas is an indispensable high-production-volume chemical intermediate used worldwide in numerous industrial processes. Published evidence of human exposures due to accidents and warfare (World War I) has been reported; however, these reports often lack specificity because of the uncharacterized exposure intensities of phosgene and/or related irritants. These may include liquid or solid congeners of phosgene, including di- and triphosgene and/or the respiratory tract irritant chlorine which are often collectively reported under the umbrella of phosgene exposure without any appreciation of their differences in causing acute lung injury (ALI). Read More

Clin Case Rep 2020 Dec 4;8(12):3559-3560. Epub 2020 Aug 4.

Department of Respiratory Medicine Yokkaichi Municipal Hospital Yokkaichi-shi Japan.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema that is caused by an acute central nervous system injury and usually develops rapidly after an injury. Although several episodes of NPE resolve spontaneously, the condition may cause unexpected death among patients with epilepsy. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2021 Jan 15;61(1):29-32. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School Hospital.

A 79-year-old woman developed consciousness disturbance, left eye deviation, right hemiplegia and aphasia with hypoxemia. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pulmonary edema. MRI revealed the left internal carotid artery occlusion and entire left middle cerebral artery infarct including insular cortex. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2020 Dec 2. Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead 2145, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala 75185, Sweden.

Aim: We report a case of neurogenic pulmonary edema in a patient who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury in a motorbike accident and review the current literature with regards to the management of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).

Methods: A 17 year old male was involved in a motorbike collision into a tree. Copious amounts of pink frothy sputum was noted on scene. Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Dec;48(12):300060520976496

Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.

Objective: Pneumothorax after neurosurgical procedures is very rare and incompletely understood. This study was performed to explore the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of pneumothorax after neurosurgery.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients admitted from December 2016 to April 2019 for treatment of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Read More

Qatar Med J 2020 12;2020(2):28. Epub 2020 Nov 12.

Department of Anesthesia, SICU & Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Background: Third ventricular colloid cysts are benign but may cause acute hydrocephalus, raised intracranial pressure, decreased consciousness level, and sudden death. These ventricular colloid cysts associated with stunned myocardium are rarely reported in the literature. This study reported a case of a third ventricular colloid cyst presented as acute hydrocephalus complicated with severe neurogenic pulmonary edema, stunned myocardium, and heart failure, which survived at the end. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2020 Nov 15;8(11):2291-2292. Epub 2020 Jul 15.

Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine Graduate School of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan.

When observing diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs, physicians should consider several diseases, including heart failure, interstitial lung diseases, and pulmonary infections. However, brain diseases rarely cause lung infiltration. We present an instructive case of neurologic pulmonary edema showing a pathological link between the brain and the lung. Read More

Crit Care Res Pract 2020 15;2020:2748181. Epub 2020 Sep 15.

Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Management of volume status, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output are core elements in approaching the patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). For the prevention and treatment of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), euvolemia is advocated and caution is made towards the avoidance of hypervolemia. Induced hypertension and cardiac output augmentation are the mainstays of medical management during active DCI, whereas the older triple-H paradigm has fallen out of favor due to lack of demonstrable physiological or clinical benefits and serious concern for adverse effects such as pulmonary edema and multiorgan system dysfunction. Read More

Anesthesiology 2020 12;133(6):1283-1305

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is an acute neurologic emergency. Prompt definitive treatment of the aneurysm by craniotomy and clipping or endovascular intervention with coils and/or stents is needed to prevent rebleeding. Extracranial manifestations of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage include cardiac dysfunction, neurogenic pulmonary edema, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and hyperglycemia. Read More

Acta Neurol Scand 2021 02 27;143(2):217-218. Epub 2020 Oct 27.

Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2020 8;2020:8862839. Epub 2020 Sep 8.

Department of OBGY, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Eclampsia is associated with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The mortality in eclampsia is reported to be secondary to cerebrovascular accidents, neurogenic pulmonary edema, or acute kidney injury leading to cardiac arrest. A rarely reported etiology is sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) immediately after the seizure activity. Read More

Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020 11 6;1480(1):73-103. Epub 2020 Sep 6.

Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

The lung is highly sensitive to chemical injuries caused by exposure to threat agents in industrial or transportation accidents, occupational exposures, or deliberate use as weapons of mass destruction (WMD). There are no antidotes for the majority of the chemical threat agents and toxic inhalation hazards despite their use as WMDs for more than a century. Among several putative targets, evidence for transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels as mediators of injury by various inhalational chemical threat agents is emerging. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Oct 30;130:110478. Epub 2020 Jul 30.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China. Electronic address:

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) following acute stroke is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with clinical characteristics that include acute onset, apparent pulmonary interstitial fluid infiltration and rapid resolution. The pathological process of NPE centers on sympathetic stimulation and fulminant release of catecholamines, which cause contraction of resistance vessels. Elevated systemic resistance forces fluid into pulmonary circulation, while pulmonary circulation overload induces pulmonary capillary pressure that elevates, and in turn damages the alveolar capillary barrier. Read More

Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020 08 10;39(4):519-530. Epub 2020 Jul 10.

Department of anaesthesia and critical care, university hospital of Toulouse, university Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.

Extracerebral complications, especially pulmonary and cardiovascular, are frequent in brain-injured patients and are major outcome determinants. Two major pathways have been described: brain-lung and brain-heart interactions. Lung injuries after acute brain damages include ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and neurogenic pulmonary œdema (NPE), whereas heart injuries can range from cardiac enzymes release, ECG abnormalities to left ventricle dysfunction or cardiogenic shock. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2020 07 2;11(14):2048-2050. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

UR Anoop Research Group, Pondicherry, India 605008.

In COVID-19, lung manifestations present as a slowly evolving pneumonia with insidious early onset interstitial pulmonary edema that undergoes acute exacerbation in the late stages and microvascular thrombosis. Currently, these manifestations are considered to be only consequences of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. We are proposing a new hypothesis that neurogenic insult may also play a major role in the pathogenesis of these manifestations. Read More

mSphere 2020 07 1;5(4). Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is the major pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD); in some severe cases, it could develop into central nervous system (CNS) disease such as aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and neurogenic pulmonary edema in children under 5 years. The EV-A71 pathogenesis which is involved with the CNS is unclear due to the lack of a simple and reliable mouse model thus far. Most clinical EV-A71 isolates could not effectively infect the neonatal mouse, which used to be an EV-A71 infection model. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Jun 1;20(1):388. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.

Background: Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a rare but serious complication of febrile status epilepticus in children. Comprehensive screening for viral pathogens is seldomly performed in the work-up of febrile children.

Case Presentation: A 22-month-old girl presented with her first episode of febrile status epilepticus, after which she developed acute pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 20;12(4):e7746. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Neurology, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, USA.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening event that can cause permanent disability. This life-threatening event can be further complicated by subsequent cardiac and pulmonary disability. The presence of a neurogenic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary edema increases the morbidity and mortality of patients who suffer from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 Jul;183(1):G9-G15

Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.

COVID-19 has changed the nature of medical consultations, emphasizing virtual patient counseling, with relevance for patients with diabetes insipidus (DI) or hyponatraemia. The main complication of desmopressin treatment in DI is dilutional hyponatraemia. Since plasma sodium monitoring is not always possible in times of COVID-19, we recommend to delay the desmopressin dose once a week until aquaresis occurs allowing excess retained water to be excreted. Read More

Nurse Pract 2020 04;45(4):26-32

Although acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most common cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, NPs also should be familiar with several other less common causes, including transfusion-related acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, preeclampsia/eclampsia, opioid overdose, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and pulmonary embolism. This article addresses the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment, and nursing considerations associated with each uncommon cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Read More

Asian J Neurosurg 2020 Jan-Mar;15(1):113-119. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan.

Objective: Patients sustaining aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can be further complicated by neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) and Takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy (TCM) with dismal outcomes. The present study aimed to validate the efficacy of endovascular therapy for patients with aSAH complicated by NPE and TCM.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with aSAH complicated by NPE and TCM and treated by endovascular therapy were retrospectively evaluated. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Apr 25;93:367-374. Epub 2020 Feb 25.

Department of PICU, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, 136 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing 400014, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is associated with high mortality in children, and persistent sympathetic activation is a common presentation. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate serum chromogranin A (CHGA) levels and their prognostic role in this condition.

Methods: Serum CHGA, creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), serum D-dimer, norepinephrine, blood glucose, lactate, and C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell (WBC) counts, usage of vasopressors, pediatric risk of mortality Ⅲ (PRISM-Ⅲ) scores, and viral etiology were measured upon pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2020 Apr 20;137:109538. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China. Electronic address:

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a life-threatening complication that develops rapidly and dramatically after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). Severe primary brain injury and subsequent secondary brain injury cascade events are thought to be involved in the development of NPE. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of vasoactive substances are also essential prerequisites for NPE. Read More

Front Neurol 2019 6;10:1291. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University London, United Kingdom.

Generalized epileptic convulsions frequently exhibit transient respiratory symptoms and non-infectious leukocytosis. While these peri-ictal effects appear to arise independently from one another, the possibility that they stem from a common ictal pathophysiological response has yet to be explored. We aimed to investigate whether peri-ictal respiratory symptoms and postictal leukocytosis coexist. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 Mar 19;135:e505-e509. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Japan.

Objective: Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute onset after central nervous system injury. Here, we investigated the clinical features of NPE in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 350 patients with SAH who were treated at our hospital from April 2014 to September 2017. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2019 12;21(6):608-610

Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110, Larissa, Greece.

Childs Nerv Syst 2020 05 30;36(5):1075-1078. Epub 2019 Nov 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.

Intraparenchymal schwannomas of the brain are very rare, accounting for < 1% of intracranial schwannomas. We present a case of an 11-year-old boy with a left frontotemporal lobe schwannoma presented with seizure and neurogenic pulmonary edema. To our knowledge, this is the first case of intracerebral schwannoma with neurogenic pulmonary edema published to date and is the first case of an intracerebral schwannoma operated with fluorescein guidance. Read More