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Psychother Psychosom 2018 Dec 17:1-3. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Drug Alcohol Depend 2018 Dec 4;195:13-15. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.

Objectives: To characterize the socio-demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and psychiatric comorbidities of users of marijuana for medical and non-medical purposes.

Methods: Data were from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III, a US nationally representative in-person interview of 36,309 adults age ≥18 years in 2012-2013.

Results: In relation to non-medical only users (n = 3339), combined (n = 362) and medical only (n = 82) users had higher prevalence of every medical condition examined. Read More

Compr Psychiatry 2018 Dec 7;89:7-15. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Lev-Hasharon Medical Center, POB 90000, Netanya 42100, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, POB 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Electronic address:

Background: Though schizophrenia is associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity, data pertaining to multiple comorbid psychiatric disorders among individuals with schizophrenia is missing. Furthermore, despite abundant research indicating that the course of schizophrenia is characterized by relapses, often leading to psychiatric emergency room visits and consequent hospitalizations, data regarding the association between different comorbid psychiatric diagnoses among schizophrenia patients, and these hospitalization-related factors is lacking. The aim of this study was to describe the number and types of comorbid psychiatric diagnoses of inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia, and to explore whether these are associated with hospitalization-related factors. Read More

iScience 2018 Dec 5;10:234-244. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Electronic address:

Directed transport of transmembrane proteins is generally believed to occur via intracellular transport vesicles. However, using single-particle tracking in rat hippocampal neurons with a pH-sensitive quantum dot probe that specifically reports surface movement of receptors, we have identified a subpopulation of neuronal EphB2 receptors that exhibit directed motion between synapses within the plasma membrane itself. This receptor movement occurs independently of the cytoskeleton but is dependent on cholesterol and is regulated by neuronal activity. Read More

Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018 Dec 8;283:83-91. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706 USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705 USA. Electronic address:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex and genetically heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disease affecting as many as 1 in 68 children. Large scale genetic sequencing of individuals along the autism spectrum has uncovered several genetic risk factors for ASD; however, understanding how, and to what extent, individual genes contribute to the overall disease phenotype remains unclear. Neuroimaging studies of ASD have revealed a wide spectrum of structural and functional perturbations that are thought to reflect, in part, the complex genetic heterogeneity underpinning ASD. Read More

Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018 Dec 10;102:149-157. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a prevalent, complex, and serious mental disorder involving multiple symptoms and maladaptive behaviour. The underlying psychobiological mechanisms involved are not yet fully understood, but increasing evidence indicates that changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis (HPA) activity may contribute to BPD. Whilst various studies have demonstrated elevated levels of cortisol (the end-product of the HPA axis) in BPD sufferers, others have presented opposite findings. Read More

Cortex 2018 Nov 26;113:15-28. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Neurology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Face-name association is a relevant ability for social interactions and involves the ventral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, particularly in the left hemisphere, bilateral hippocampal, fusiform gyrus and occipital regions. Previous studies demonstrated the primary role of the hippocampus for this ability in healthy subjects. However, no study has examined the participation of the left inferior frontal area, specially the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in patients with ischemic vascular lesions. Read More

J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2018 Dec 4;63:12-20. Epub 2018 Dec 4.

Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address:

Background And Objectives: Deviations in interoception might contribute to the development and maintenance of mental disorders. The improvement of interoceptive accuracy (IA) is desirable but assessment and training methods remain controversial. For instance, it was assumed that performance increases in heartbeat counting paradigms after cardiac feedback were due to an improvement of knowledge with regard to heart rate rather than due to an actual improvement in IA. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2018 Dec 10;109:193-201. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.

Dosing regimens for depot antipsychotics range from two-to twelve-weekly administration. There are limited meta-analytic data regarding the effect of different injection frequencies of the same depot antipsychotic at the equivalent dose on psychiatric outcomes and adverse effects. This study investigated differences in psychiatric outcomes and adverse effects between different frequencies of depot antipsychotics through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Read More

J Psychiatr Res 2018 Dec 8;109:185-192. Epub 2018 Dec 8.

Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; CEINGE-biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common psychiatric disorder, is identified by abnormal levels of impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. MiRNAs play important roles in neural network development of the brain. Circulating miRNAs (cmiRNAs) are offered as promising noninvasive markers for psychiatric disorders. Read More

Infant Behav Dev 2018 Dec 14;54:37-47. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 3901 Greenspring Ave, Baltimore, MD 21211, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Electronic address:

Motor difficulties may be an early Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) risk indicator and may predict subsequent expressive language skills. Further understanding of motor functioning in the first year of life in children with ASD is needed. We examined motor skills in 6-month-olds (n = 140) at high and low familial risk for ASD using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (Grasping, Visual-Motor Integration, and Stationary subscales). Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.

Mutations in the X chromosomal tRNA 2'‑O‑methyltransferase FTSJ1 cause intellectual disability (ID). Although the gene is ubiquitously expressed affected individuals present no consistent clinical features beyond ID. In order to study the pathological mechanism involved in the aetiology of FTSJ1 deficiency-related cognitive impairment, we generated and characterized an Ftsj1 deficient mouse line based on the gene trapped stem cell line RRD143. Read More

Environ Res 2018 Dec 7;170:73-81. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, member DZL, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Depression has been associated with air pollution, as reported by animal and epidemiological studies. However, the relationship between ozone exposure and depression, especially among adolescents, is scarcely investigated.

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze associations between ozone exposure and depressive symptoms among German adolescents. Read More

Environ Res 2018 Dec 3;170:26-32. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint Denis St, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2X 0A9; Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Cremazie Blvd E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2P 1E2; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A2; School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 du Parc Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3N 1X9. Electronic address:

Objective: Depression is a major public health concern, but the link with the built environment is unclear. We sought to determine the relationship between residential noise during pregnancy and later risk of severe depression in women.

Methods: We analyzed a population-based cohort of 140,456 women with no documented history of mental illness who were pregnant in Montreal between 2000 and 2016. Read More

Neurobiol Dis 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland. Electronic address:

No single-omic approach completely elucidates the multitude of alterations taking place in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we coupled transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic approaches to determine the temporal sequence of changes in mRNA, protein, and phosphopeptide expression levels from human temporal cortical samples, with varying degree of AD-related pathology. This approach highlighted fluctuation in synaptic and mitochondrial function as the earliest pathological events in brain samples with AD-related pathology. Read More

Biol Psychol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.

Response to psychological stress can vary based on the extent to which the context is perceived as stressful, especially under different social conditions. The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare physiological stress (cortisol) and regulation (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) of 10-12 year old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 31) or typical development (TD, n = 25) when exposed to two social stress protocols. The extent to which perceived emotion (affect recognition) and anxiety (state and trait) mediate the stress response was also explored. Read More

Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Background: While perinatal depression is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, there is an insufficient understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of disease. While an association between peripheral inflammatory cytokines and major depressive disorder has been demonstrated, cytokines cannot freely cross the blood brain barrier and thus they give little insight into alternations in brain function. As the brain is in direct communication with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), assessment of inflammation in the CSF may be more directly related to the biologic markers of affective change. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.

Background: Limited data exist regarding neurobehavioral outcomes of children treated with open-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Our objective was to describe neurobehavioral outcomes one year post-arrest among children who received open-chest CPR during in-hospital cardiac arrest; and explore factors associated with one-year survival and survival with good neurobehavioral outcome.

Methods: The study is a secondary analysis of the Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest In-Hospital Trial. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(12):e0207856. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland.

Maternal prenatal symptoms of depression and anxiety have been suggested to impose differential effects on later offspring development, depending on their characteristics, such as timing, intensity and persistence. Paternal symptoms have been less investigated. While knowledge on these trajectory characteristics is essential for improved comprehension of prenatal stress, prospective studies including both expecting parents have been scarce. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Since the last review of Williams syndrome in Current Opinion (2001) there have been many advances in knowledge about the cognitive, social and psychological impairments that characterize the disorder. The present review focuses on current research in these areas.

Recent Findings: Williams syndrome is associated with a wide range of cognitive, linguistic, social and other difficulties. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: To provide an update of the most recent studies on Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) with a focus on the unique pattern of behavioral and sleep disturbances associated with the condition.

Recent Findings: The recent literature on SMS has focused on the characteristic severe behavioral and sleep disturbances. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and common clinical course has helped further characterize SMS, while much is left to be discovered in regard to effective treatment/management. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Purpose Of Review: To date, most research in dementia has focused either on the identification of dementia risk prediction or on understanding changes and predictors experienced by individuals before diagnosis. Despite little is known about how individuals change after dementia diagnosis, there is agreement that changes occur over different time scales and are multidomain. In this study, we present an overview of the literature regarding the longitudinal course of dementia. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

FASD Specialist Behaviour Clinic, Surrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Redhill, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Our understanding of the diagnosis and management of Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), has been increasingly refined in the last 45 years: This review highlights current understanding and identifies future areas for research.

Recent Findings: Newer techniques such as three-dimensional facial recognition and advanced brain imaging, have advanced our understanding. Despite this, there remain areas, such as the relationship with other neurodevelopmental disorders, that have been insufficiently explored. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital.

Purpose Of Review: Stem cell therapy has the potential to modify the disease of Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to describe the mechanisms of action, preclinical animal studies, human clinical trials, and challenges for the future direction of stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease.

Recent Findings: Stem cells of diverse origins (embryonic, placental or umbilical cord blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells) and cell types (neural and mesenchymal stem cells) are widely studied in both animals and humans. Read More

J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.

Background: Cognitive training is beneficial in various clinical settings, although its perioperative feasibility and impact remain unknown. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of home-based cognitive prehabilitation before major surgery in older adults.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-one patients were enrolled, randomized, and allocated to either a home-based preoperative cognitive training regimen or no training before surgery. Read More

Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy.

Smoking is common among psychiatric patients and has been shown to accelerate the metabolism of different drugs. We aimed to determine the effect of smoking on the serum concentrations of psychopharmacological drugs in a naturalistic clinical setting. Dose-corrected, steady-state serum concentrations of individual patients were analyzed retrospectively by linear regression including age, sex, and smoking for amitriptyline (n=503), doxepin (n=198), mirtazapine (n=572), venlafaxine (n=534), clozapine (n=106), quetiapine (n=182), and risperidone (n=136). Read More

Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

SUNY Upstate Medical University, Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pediatrics, and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Syracuse NY.

Introduction: Endorphins, endocannabinoids, monoamines, and neurotrophins have all been implicated in the euphoric response to endurance running, known as a runner's high. The epi-transcriptional mechanisms regulating this effect have not been defined. Here, we investigate peripheral micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) changes unique to athletes experiencing post-run euphoria, yielding insights about gene networks that control a runner's high. Read More

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):87-96

Scott A. Jones and Jordan M. Lueras are graduate students in the Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon. Bonnie J. Nagel, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.

Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol drinking that raises a person's blood alcohol concentration to at least .08%, which amounts to consuming five alcoholic drinks for men and four alcoholic drinks for women in about 2 hours. It is the most common form of alcohol misuse in adolescents and young adults. Read More

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):57-76

Richard W. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Sharon C. Wilsnack, Ph.D., is the Chester Fritz Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota. Gerhard Gmel, Ph.D., is a professor, University of Lausanne, and is affiliated with the Alcohol Treatment Center, University of Lausanne Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. He is also an invited professor, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom. Lori Wolfgang Kantor, M.A., is a science writer at CSR, Incorporated.

Just as binge drinking rates differ for men and women, the predictors and consequences of binge drinking vary by gender as well. This article examines these differences and how binge drinking definitions and research samples and methods may influence findings. It also describes the relationship between age and binge drinking among men and women, and how drinking culture and environment affect this relationship. Read More

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):43-47

Jessica M. Cronce, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, College of Education, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. Traci L. Toomey, Ph.D., is a professor in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Kathleen Lenk, M.P.H., is a senior research fellow in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Toben F. Nelson, Sc.D., is an associate professor in the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Jason R. Kilmer, Ph.D., is an assistant director of Health and Wellness for Alcohol and Other Drug Education and an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Mary E. Larimer, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

The College Alcohol Intervention Matrix (CollegeAIM) is a user-friendly, interactive decision tool based on a synthesis of the substantial and growing literature on campus alcohol use prevention. It includes strategies targeted at both the individual and environmental levels. Commissioned by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), CollegeAIM reflects the collective knowledge of 16 separate experts in the field, which makes it unique relative to other summaries of the science. Read More

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):5-15

Tammy Chung, Ph.D., is an associate professor; Rachel Bachrach, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral fellow; Duncan B. Clark, M.D., Ph.D., is a professor; and Christopher S. Martin, Ph.D., is an associate professor, all in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Kasey G. Creswell, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Binge drinking, commonly defined as consuming five or more standard drinks per occasion for men and four or more drinks for women, typically begins in adolescence. Adolescents, although they may drink less often, tend to consume higher quantities of alcohol per occasion compared with adults. This developmental difference in pattern of alcohol consumption may result, in part, from maturational changes that involve an adolescent-specific sensitivity to certain alcohol effects and greater propensity for risk-taking behaviors, such as binge drinking. Read More

Alcohol Res 2018 ;39(1):1-3

Aaron M. White, Ph.D., is a senior scientific adviser to the director, Office of the Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland. Susan Tapert, Ph.D., is a professor of psychiatry in the School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California. Shivendra D. Shukla, Ph.D., is the Margaret Proctor Mulligan Endowed Professor in Medical Research at the School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

Behav Sleep Med 2018 Dec 17:1-9. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

a Department of Psychology , State University of New York Binghamton , Binghamton , NY.

Objective/background: Numerous psychiatric conditions characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are also frequently associated with disruptions in the duration and timing of sleep. The emerging literature supports that these types of sleep disruptions may be associated with negative psychological consequences such as depressed mood, anxiety, and poor emotion regulation, all of which have features of RNT. There is a paucity of research on the association between RNT and disruptions in sleep duration and timing in adolescents. Read More

Diab Vasc Dis Res 2018 Dec 17:1479164118816221. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

1 Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART) and School for Physiology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Objective:: Glucose dysregulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease development through synaptic dysfunction resulting in cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to study the interplay between impaired glycaemic metabolism (hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance), cardiac stress (cardiac troponin T and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide) and executive cognitive function prospectively, in a bi-ethnic sex cohort.

Methods:: Black and White teachers (N = 338, aged 20-63 years) from the Sympathetic activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans study were monitored over a 3-year period. Read More

Eur J Neurosci 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Departments of Experimental& Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Proactive inhibition - the anticipation of having to stop a response - relies on objective information contained in cue-related contingencies in the environment, as well as on the subjective interpretation derived from these cues. To date, most studies of brain areas underlying proactive inhibition have exclusively considered the objective predictive value of environmental cues, by varying the probability of stop-signals. However, by only taking into account the effect of different cues on brain activation, the subjective component of how cues affect behavior is ignored. Read More

J Neurochem 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 boulevard Lasalle Verdun, QC, Canada.

Several subtypes of modulatory neurons co-express vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) in addition to their cognate vesicular transporters. These neurons are believed to establish new forms of neuronal communication. The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGLUT3) is of particular interest since in the striatum this subtype is found in tonically active cholinergic interneurons (TANs) and in a subset of 5-HT fibers. Read More

Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095.

Background: Brief interventions have empirical support for acutely reducing alcohol use among non-treatment seeking heavy drinkers. Neuroimaging techniques allow for the examination of the neurobiological effect of behavioral interventions, probing brain systems putatively involved in clinical response to treatment. Few studies have prospectively evaluated whether psychosocial interventions attenuate neural cue-reactivity that in turn reduces drinking in the same population. Read More

JAMA Intern Med 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Aging Brain Center, Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Measurement of delirium severity has been recognized as highly important for tracking prognosis, monitoring response to treatment, and estimating burden of care for patients both during and after hospitalization. Rather than simply rating delirium as present or absent, the ability to quantify its severity would enable development and monitoring of more effective treatment approaches for the condition.

Objectives: To present a comprehensive review of delirium severity instruments, conduct a methodologic quality rating of the original validation study of the most commonly used instruments, and select a group of top-rated instruments. Read More

Int Psychogeriatr 2018 Dec 17:1-5. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health,Vestfold Hospital Trust,Tønsberg,Norway.

ABSTRACTCortisol dysregulation has been reported in dementia and depression. Cortisol levels and its associates were investigated among older people living at home and in nursing homes, in a cross-sectional study. A sample of 650 older people, from the community (home and nursing homes) and specialized care (memory clinics and old age psychiatry wards), mean age 76. Read More

J Behav Addict 2018 Dec 17:1-12. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

5 Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA.

Background: Online gaming has become a popular leisure activity, in which males more frequently develop Internet gaming disorder (IGD) compared to females. However, gender-related neurocognitive differences have largely not been systematically investigated in IGD.

Methods: Cue-elicited-craving tasks were performed before game playing and immediately after deprivation operationalized as a forced break from gaming when the Internet was disconnected. Read More

Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2018 Oct 17:1-10. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

1 Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie/Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Ulm.

So-called "difficult children" urgently needed their own medical association: the history of the introduction of the specialist title of "child and youth psychiatry" in Germany in 1968 Abstract. In post-war Germany, child psychiatry (CP) was not an independent discipline but part of adult psychiatry/neurology. The primary goal of adult psychiatrists of the day was to maintain power in all areas dealing with nervous diseases and their treatment. Read More

J Comp Eff Res 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Lundbeck, 6 Parkway North, Deerfield, IL 60015, USA.

Aim: To examine hospitalization risk factors in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder (BD-I) or major depressive disorder (MDD).

Patients & Methods: Using Truven Health MarketScan Commercial, Medicaid and Medicare Supplemental data (01/01/2012-06/30/2016), logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors for both psychiatric and all-cause hospitalization in three separate analyses.

Results: Significant risk factors included prior hospitalization (schizophrenia: odds ratio [95% CI]: 2. Read More

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Psychological Sciences.

Much of the foundation of clinical practice, psychiatric epidemiology, and research into the etiology, course, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) rests on psychiatric diagnosis. However, existing research has failed to adequately exploit empirical techniques and existing databases to derive criteria considered optimal with respect to predicting external correlates. The current project adopts a novel approach to deriving new diagnostic criteria sets and rules for AUD. Read More

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Battelle Public Health Center for Tobacco Research.

The co-use of tobacco and cannabis is a common practice worldwide and carries with it substantial public health burden. Few interventions exist that target both substances and little is known about quit interest, treatment preferences, and drug substitution during past cessation attempts, which is critical to guide the development of treatment strategies. The goal of this study was to provide descriptive information regarding quit interest, treatment preferences, and perceived drug substitution among adult (age 18 +) cannabis-tobacco co-users. Read More

Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Behavioral Sciences Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Increased discounting (devaluing) of delayed rewards is associated with nearly all types of substance use disorders (SUDs) and is also present in individuals with family histories of SUDs. Early life adversity (ELA) likely contributes to these findings as it is common in both individuals with SUDs and their children and is linked to increased delay discounting and other neurocognitive impairments in human and animal studies. Here we examined data from 1192 healthy young adults (average age 23. Read More

Psychiatr Rehabil J 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

First Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Objective: Hope is a key component of personal recovery. There is limited evidence regarding the association of hope with the level of functioning in individuals with psychosis. It is also not clear which dimensions of hope are most strongly related to clinical recovery. Read More

Psychol Addict Behav 2018 Dec;32(8):895-903

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington.

The study examines how young adult transitions into and out of social roles (i.e., starting or ending a job, a romantic relationship, school) are associated with drinking motives (coping, enhancement, social, and conformity) and alcohol use in a given month. Read More

Behav Neurosci 2018 Dec 17. Epub 2018 Dec 17.

Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.

Individuals tend to make riskier decisions in response to stress. The magnitude of the stress effect on decision-making under risk seems to depend on the stressor type and the decision situation. We examined the effects of physiological and combined physiological and psychosocial stress on decision-making under risk and whether risk taking differs between women and men. Read More

Ir Med J 2018 Oct 11;111(9):823. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Liaison Psychiatry and UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Ireland