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Clin Dermatol 2022 Jan-Feb;40(1):57-63. Epub 2021 Aug 8.

Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Photosensitizing drug reactions are cutaneous eruptions that occur after exposure to ultraviolet radiation in patients using photosensitizing medications. The reactions can be broadly classified into phototoxic and photoallergic, with the former being much more common and well documented. There is an extensive list of photosensitizing medications, especially in the case of phototoxicity. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2022 Feb 15. Epub 2022 Feb 15.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Cutis 2021 Sep;108(3):E25-E28

Dr. Darji is from the Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University, Missouri. Dr. Butala is from the Dermatology Department, Lancaster Medical Offices, Kaiser Permanente, California. Drs. Manders and Green are from the Department of Dermatology, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, New Jersey.

Amyloidosis is not a singular disease but describes a group of diseases that result from abnormalities in protein folding and metabolism, leading to β-sheet polymers and amyloid fibrils. Cutaneous involvement is common and may occur as a primary disorder or secondary to systemic disease. Bullous skin changes, however, are rare occurrences in cutaneous amyloidosis. Read More

Australas J Dermatol 2020 May 10;61(2):177-179. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 2;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 2.

Endocrinology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.

A 27-year-old man with a background of schizophrenia presented during the summer months with a 2-day history of a blistering eruption predominantly affecting his hands, forearms and face. He had not knowingly been exposed to any chemicals or toxins and was otherwise well. Clinical examination revealed multiple, large, tense blisters affecting the sun-exposed sites. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2019 May 1;12(5):20-26. Epub 2019 May 1.

Drs. May, Reservo, Tung, and Swan are with the Department of Dermatology at the Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Chicago in May wood, Illinois. Mses. Janeczek, Riopelle, and Vetter are with the Stritch School of Medicine at Loyola University Chicago in May wood, Illinois.

In recent studies, N-acetylcysteine has been shown to be efficacious in several dermatologic conditions. The aim was to review clinical trials that assess the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in cutaneous disorders. The PubMed database was searched and a manual search of clinical trials in the references was performed. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2019 Feb 25;7(2):653-654. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tenn. Electronic address:

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018 Nov-Dec;84(6):652-659

Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

N-acetylcysteine is a mucolytic drug which is commonly used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It is a thiol compound, which acts as a donor of cysteine, leading to replenishment of glutathione and thus acts as an antioxidant. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, alters the levels of neurotransmitters, inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and causes vasodilatation. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2019 01;99(1):26-32

Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, NL-9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.

Mechanobullous epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (mEBA) can have a clinical presentation that is very similar to other blistering diseases, such as porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and pseudoporphyria. Direct immunofluorescence is an important feature in the diagnosis of mEBA, although features that overlap with PCT and pseudoporphyria have been reported. This retrospective observational study investigated whether direct immunofluorescence can discriminate mEBA from PCT and pseudoporphyria. Read More

J Bras Nefrol 2018 Jul-Sep;40(3):287-290. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Universidade Federal do Paraná, Complexo Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Nefrologia, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Introduction: Pseudoporphyria is a rare photodermatosis with characteristics similar to those of porphyria cutanea tarda, without, however, presenting abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism. Its etiology is related to chronic kidney disease, ultraviolet radiation and certain medications. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of furosemide-related pseudoporphyria in a patient with chronic kidney disease. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019 Jan 20;33(1):56-62. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Photodermatology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

First described in 1961, photoonycholysis (PO) is a rare nail alteration that may result from drug intake, from topical aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy or from photosensitive conditions such as porphyria or pseudoporphyria. Spontaneous PO is rare. This review updates the numerous causes of PO and highlights some new ways producing this condition. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2018 Oct;109(8):e11-e16

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, España.

Blisters associated with PUVA treatments are an adverse effect of photochemotherapy that has been reported in the literature. Asymptomatic blisters appear spontaneously mainly on the lower limbs and resolve without treatment. The differential diagnoses to consider include a phototoxic reaction, pseudoporphyria, and PUVA-induced bullous pemphigoid. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Jan 15;19:52-56. Epub 2018 Jan 15.

Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

BACKGROUND Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is a condition characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and non-inflammatory blistering in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. While etiopathogenesis remains unclear, roles of neuropathy, vasculopathy and UV light are hypothesized. Most literature reports negative direct and indirect immunofluorescence findings in diabetics with bullous eruptions. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 Jun 8;43(4):463-466. Epub 2018 Jan 8.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Diego de León 62, Madrid, 28006, Spain.

Int J Dermatol 2017 Jun 21;56(6):e106-e117. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.

Porphyrias are a group of intriguing genetic diseases of the heme pathway, of which porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common. Resulting from a defect in enzymes in the porphyria pathway, PCT has been linked to several conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated a change in thinking regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and development of PCT. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2016 12;178(51)

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018 02 16;36(2):335-350. Epub 2017 Jan 16.

a Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Westville , Durban 4000 , South Africa.

Recent studies have linked a deadly form of prostate cancer known as metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer to retinoic acid-related orphan-receptor gamma (ROR-γ). Most of these studies continued to place ROR-γ as orphan because of unidentifiable inhibitor. Recently identified inhibitors of ROR-γ and their therapeutic potential were evaluated, among which inhibitor XY018 was the potent. Read More

Int Wound J 2017 Feb 17;14(1):288-292. Epub 2016 Oct 17.

Department of Dermatology and Immunodermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Haemodialysis is the most frequent form of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with end-stage renal disorder (ESRD). Patients with ESRD frequently develop skin problems, mainly xerosis, pruritus and hyperpigmentation, as well as bullous diseases, mainly porphyria or pseudoporphyria and, in some cases, bullous pemphigoid (BP). BP is the most common autoimmune sub-epidermal blistering disease, and it predominantly affects elderly people. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016 Nov-Dec;82(6):727-729

Department of Dermatology, Fortis Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Hemodial Int 2016 Jul 2;20(3):E14-E18. Epub 2016 Feb 2.

Department of Pathology, General Hospital Hippokrateion, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Hemodialysis patients present with a broad spectrum of specific and nonspecific skin disorders, which rarely coexist. We report an exceptional case of a hemodialysis patient that developed acquired reactive perforating collagenosis and pseudoporphyric bullous dermatosis on the basis of common skin disorders which include hyperpigmentation, pruritus, xerosis cutis, and Linsday's nails. Interestingly, our patient presented with two unusual but distinctive cutaneous dermopathies on the background of other commonly seen skin alterations. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2015 Sep-Oct;25(5):307-9

Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Pseudoporphyria (PP) is used to describe a photodistributed bullous disorder with clinical and histologic features of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) but without accompanying biochemical porphyrin abnormalities. Medications, excessive sun and ultraviolet radiation exposure, have all been reported to develop PP. We report a case of PP in a 49-year-old man with CKD stage 3a, caused due to torsemide intake. Read More

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2015 Jun 4;4(2):e22-4. Epub 2014 Jul 4.

Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics.

Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal agent superior to amphotericin B in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis. It is generally well tolerated and has excellent oral bioavailability, providing significant benefit in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. There have been numerous reports of dermatologic reactions to this agent, including erythroderma, cheilitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, discoid lupus erythematosus, pseudoporphyria, squamous cell carcinoma, and photosensitivity reactions. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2015 May-Jun;60(3):324

Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India.

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2015 Jun;150(3):327-9

Unit of Dermatology, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sant'Andrea" Hospital "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy -

Pseudoporphyria refers to a rare bullous dermatosis characterized by the clinical and histological features of porfiria cutanea tarda without abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism. The pathogenesis is heterogeneous and several exogenous factors may promote the bullous lesion formation, including medications, end stage renal disease, dialysis and tanning beds. Regarding treatment of this condition, in literature different therapy have been reported, such as glutathione and his precursor N-acetylcysteine, which presents anti-oxidant properties; however even more toxic drugs, such as chloroquine, are used. Read More

J Photochem Photobiol B 2015 Jul 27;148:168-173. Epub 2015 Apr 27.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, PL 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.

Tetracycline is a semisynthetic antibiotic and is used in several types of infections against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This therapy is often associated with phototoxic reactions that occur after exposure to UV radiation and lead to photo-onycholysis, pseudoporphyria, solar urticaria and the fixed drug eruption in the skin. The phototoxic reactions may be related to the melanin content which, on one side may bind drugs - leading to their accumulation, and on the other side, they have photoprotective and antioxidant properties. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2015 Apr;177(17)

Dansk BørneAstma Center, Ledreborg Alle 34, 2850 Gentofte.

Pseudoporphyria cutanea tarda is a well described bullous skin disorder which resembles porphyria cutanea tarda. However, the levels of porphyrins in plasma, urine and faeces are normal. We present three cases of patients with classical symptoms of pseudoporphyria. Read More

Perit Dial Int 2015 Mar-Apr;35(2):234-5

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016 Jul 16;30(7):1239-42. Epub 2015 Apr 16.

Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Ugeskr Laeger 2015 Feb;177(6)

Medicinsk Afdeling, Odense Universitetshospital, Svendborg Sygehus, Valdemarsgade 53, 5700 Svendborg.

Pseudoporphyria is a photosensitive bullous disease, which resembles porphyria cutanea tarda. Normal porphyrin levels in urine, stool and blood define pseudoporphyria. Pseudoporphyria is associated with chronic renal failure, haemodialysis, a variety of drugs (e. Read More